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Breastfeeding should ideally begin immediately after birth and be provided exclusively for the first six months of life. However, in 2022, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0–6 months in Jayapura was only 21%, which remains far below the national target of 45%. Various factors contribute to this low coverage, including limited knowledge, lack of experience, insufficient support systems, and concerns among adolescent mothers that breastfeeding may interfere with their education or employment. This study aimed to explore the breastfeeding experiences of adolescent mothers in Wahno Village, Abepura Subdistrict. A qualitative research design was used, with structured interviews conducted using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the initiation of exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers was generally positive. Participants reported mixed emotional experiences, including feelings of happiness, pride, stress, and discomfort. Family support, particularly from husbands, played an important role in sustaining breastfeeding practices. Most respondents also demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding how to manage breastfeeding-related challenges. Overall, adolescent mothers in Wahno Village showed a reasonable level of understanding and commitment toward exclusive breastfeeding. Continued education and support are recommended to further strengthen breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers and their families.

Background: Low immunization coverage and exclusive breastfeeding coverage are problems in various regions. This program is caused by a lack of maternal knowledge and family support. This problem increases the risk of infection, growth disorders, and impacts the health status of infants. Therefore, the IMASI MOVEMENT (Immunization and Exclusive Breastfeeding Movement) is needed to increase community knowledge and participation regarding infant and toddler health. Method: The methods used include interactive counseling, demonstrations of breastfeeding techniques according to the pink book (KIA), distribution of leaflets, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. Evaluation was carried out on aspects of structure, process, results, and impact of the activity. Results: The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge scores by ?50–60% after education. Participant attendance reached ?85% of the target, and there was an increase in participation in integrated health post activities compared to the previous month. Discussion: The increase in knowledge scores in the post-test results compared to the pre-test indicates that the educational intervention is effective in increasing mothers' understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and the importance of immunization. These findings indicate that community-based health education is an effective strategy to improve maternal health literacy and has the potential to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic immunization. Conclusion: This program has proven effective in increasing awareness and health behavior of mothers and toddlers as an effort to prevent stunting and infectious diseases.

Background: Breastfeeding is a valuable experience for both mother and infant, enhancing cognitive development, immunity, and emotional bonding. However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains suboptimal, partly due to inadequate breastfeeding technique skills among mothers. Objective: This study aims to analyze the differences in breastfeeding technique skills among pregnant women before and after a video-based educational intervention at the Gema Santi Nusa Penida Regional General Hospital, Klungkung Regency. Methods: This study utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of 160 pregnant women visiting the Gema Santi Nusa Penida Regional General Hospital from March to April 2025. A sample of 32 pregnant women was determined using a comparative analysis sample size formula and selected via purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through observation using a validated and reliable breastfeeding technique skill checklist (calculated $r = 0.411 - 0.758 > 0.349$; Cronbach's alpha $= 0.757 > 0.6$). Results: The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that the data were normally distributed, with values of 0.325 (pre-test) and 0.127 (post-test) $> 0.05$. The mean score for breastfeeding technique skills was 42.28 before the intervention and increased to 70.46 afterwards. The paired t-test demonstrated a significant difference in breastfeeding technique skills before and after the educational intervention ($p = 0.000 < 0.05$). Conclusion: Video media is highly effective in improving breastfeeding technique skills. Future initiatives should focus on developing more comprehensive video content to further enhance educational efficacy.

Stunting remains a persistent nutritional challenge that threatens human capital development in Indonesia. This study examines the effects of exclusive breastfeeding, female education, sanitation, access to safe drinking water, inadequate food consumption, and poverty on stunting prevalence across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2024. The study employs a random-effects Panel EGLS estimator with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) to address heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence in provincial panel data. The findings reveal that exclusive breastfeeding, female education, and adequate sanitation significantly reduce stunting prevalence, while poverty significantly increases it. Interestingly, inadequate food consumption is negatively associated with stunting prevalence, potentially reflecting the contribution of government nutritional assistance and social protection programs. In contrast, access to safe drinking water does not show a statistically significant effect. Among the explanatory variables, female education is strongly associated with reductions in stunting. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening women’s education, improving sanitation quality, and expanding poverty-alleviation and nutrition-sensitive interventions to accelerate reductions in stunting and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 in Indonesia.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for improving maternal and infant health, yet its success remains inconsistent, influenced by psychological factors such as breastfeeding self-efficacy. Mothers with high confidence are more likely to maintain exclusive breastfeeding despite physical and emotional challenges postpartum. Limited evidence exists regarding this relationship at the community level. Objective: This study analyzed the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and successful exclusive breastfeeding among postpartum mothers. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in Sliyeg Village, the working area of Puskesmas Sliyeg, Indramayu, in March 2026. The population included postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months. A total of 68 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and an observation sheet for exclusive breastfeeding success. The Chi-Square test was used for analysis with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: Most respondents had high breastfeeding self-efficacy (61.8%) and successfully practiced exclusive breastfeeding (66.2%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding success (p=0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is significantly associated with the success of exclusive breastfeeding among postpartum mothers. Enhancing lactation education, family support, and counseling is recommended to strengthen maternal confidence and promote successful exclusive breastfeeding practices.  

Exclusive breastfeeding is a crucial step in improving infant health, yet it remains under-practiced in Indonesia. This is primarily due to a lack of knowledge and positive attitudes among mothers. Health education using leaflets has become a popular strategy in community-based nursing due to its simplicity and ease of understanding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of leaflets in improving maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria for intervention studies using information leaflets with pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women. Twenty original articles meeting these criteria were analyzed. The results showed that most studies found a significant increase in maternal knowledge after distribution of information leaflets (p < 0.005). Furthermore, improvements in attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding were observed, although practices varied. Many studies have shown that audiovisual materials are more effective than leaflets, although leaflets are easier to use and distribute. Factors such as social support and infrastructure influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding. This study concluded that leaflets were effective in improving mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding and remained valuable inhome care, especially when combined with other educational methods

Exclusive breastfeeding is a crucial step in improving infant health, yet it remains under-practiced in Indonesia. This is primarily due to a lack of knowledge and positive attitudes among mothers. Health education using leaflets has become a popular strategy in community-based nursing due to its simplicity and ease of understanding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of leaflets in improving maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria for intervention studies using information leaflets with pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women. Twenty original articles meeting these criteria were analyzed. The results showed that most studies found a significant increase in maternal knowledge after distribution of information leaflets (p < 0.005). Furthermore, improvements in attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding were observed, although practices varied. Many studies have shown that audiovisual materials are more effective than leaflets, although leaflets are easier to use and distribute. Factors such as social support and infrastructure influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding. This study concluded that leaflets were effective in improving mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding and remained valuable inhome care, especially when combined with other educational methods

Abstract. Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, necessitating health promotion and prevention efforts through health education. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of leaflets in health promotion to prevent stunting in mothers with toddlers. The method used was a literature review with the PRISMA approach, by searching for articles in the Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed, and Neliti databases using the keywords "stunting," "leaflet," "health promotion," and "health education." Of the 55 articles found, 16 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the use of leaflets can improve mothers' understanding and attitudes regarding stunting prevention, including knowledge about balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). Leaflets were considered practical, easy to understand, and can be used repeatedly as a means of public health education. The conclusion of this study states that leaflets are effective for use in health promotion as a measure to prevent stunting in community nursing practice.

Abstract. Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, necessitating health promotion and prevention efforts through health education. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of leaflets in health promotion to prevent stunting in mothers with toddlers. The method used was a literature review with the PRISMA approach, by searching for articles in the Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed, and Neliti databases using the keywords "stunting," "leaflet," "health promotion," and "health education." Of the 55 articles found, 16 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the use of leaflets can improve mothers' understanding and attitudes regarding stunting prevention, including knowledge about balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). Leaflets were considered practical, easy to understand, and can be used repeatedly as a means of public health education. The conclusion of this study states that leaflets are effective for use in health promotion as a measure to prevent stunting in community nursing practice.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for improving maternal and infant health, yet its success remains inconsistent, influenced by psychological factors such as breastfeeding self-efficacy. Mothers with high confidence are more likely to maintain exclusive breastfeeding despite physical and emotional challenges postpartum. Limited evidence exists regarding this relationship at the community level. Objective: This study analyzed the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and successful exclusive breastfeeding among postpartum mothers. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in Sliyeg Village, the working area of Puskesmas Sliyeg, Indramayu, in March 2026. The population included postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months. A total of 68 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and an observation sheet for exclusive breastfeeding success. The Chi-Square test was used for analysis with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: Most respondents had high breastfeeding self-efficacy (61.8%) and successfully practiced exclusive breastfeeding (66.2%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding success (p=0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is significantly associated with the success of exclusive breastfeeding among postpartum mothers. Enhancing lactation education, family support, and counseling is recommended to strengthen maternal confidence and promote successful exclusive breastfeeding practices.  

The postpartum period is a vulnerable phase often accompanied by lactation problems, particularly ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. These conditions may reduce maternal comfort, inhibit the let-down reflex, and increase the risk of failure in exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, safe, practical, and comprehensive non-pharmacological nursing interventions are needed. This Final Nursing Project aims to describe the implementation of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education to improve maternal comfort and enhance breast milk flow in postpartum mothers. This study employed a case study method using a nursing care approach involving two postpartum mothers who experienced ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. The interventions were provided for three days and included cabbage leaf compresses and education on breastfeeding techniques. Evaluation focused on breastfeeding ability, pain level, breast condition, maternal comfort, and milk production. The results showed improvement in breastfeeding ability, indicated by the mothers’ ability to correctly demonstrate proper positioning and latch-on techniques. Infants appeared calmer during feeding, and the duration of breastfeeding increased to approximately 10 minutes per breast. Pain scores decreased from 5 to 0–3, breast tension was reduced, and maternal comfort improved. It can be concluded that the application of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education is effective in improving breast milk flow and maternal comfort in postpartum mothers and can be recommended as an independent nursing intervention in maternity practice.

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition characterized by height below the age standard. This study aims to analyze the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the Parigi Community Health Center, Muna Regency, in 2025. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Informants consisted of mothers who had stunted toddlers as key informants and Posyandu cadres as supporting informants selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with triangulation validity tests. The results showed that feeding practices for stunted toddlers were still not in accordance with recommendations. All informants had carried out Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD), but exclusive breastfeeding was not optimal due to the perception of insufficient breast milk. Complementary breastfeeding (MP-ASI) tended to be given before the age of 6 months, influenced by the assumption that babies were hungry when they cried and cultural habits. The frequency of toddler meals was irregular, the type of food was dominated by porridge, and food variety was still limited. Consumption of animal side dishes, vegetables, and fruit was also not routinely provided. In conclusion, the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the study area do not meet the principles of balanced nutrition and are still influenced by family knowledge and habits. Therefore, increased education for mothers and families regarding appropriate feeding practices is needed to support optimal toddler growth and development.

Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of a baby's life is an important effort in improving children's health and growth and development. However, the success of exclusive breastfeeding still faces various challenges, one of which is influenced by socio-cultural factors that develop in society. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the success of exclusive breastfeeding at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital In 2025. This study used a quantitative method with an analytical observational cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of mothers with infants aged 6–9 months at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital. The sample size was 96 respondents, obtained using the Lemeshow formula with total sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a sociocultural questionnaire and an exclusive breastfeeding success questionnaire. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. Based on the chi-square test results, a p-value of <0.001 was obtained, meaning that the p-value was <α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between sociocultural factors and the success of exclusive breastfeeding at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital in 2025.

The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is still a public health challenge because it has a direct impact on infant health. Factors that cause low coverage of breastfeeding include problems in the breastfeeding process, economic conditions, environmental support, and socio-cultural aspects. Milk production is influenced by the hormone prolactin, while milk production is influenced by the hormone oxytocin. One of the interventions that has been proven to help with breast milk production is oxytocin massage. Based on this, this community service activity was carried out as an effort to increase breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. The method of the activity is in the form of health counseling to pregnant women in the third trimester with educational media in the form of presentation materials. The activity was complemented by discussions, questions and answers, and demonstrations of the right oxytocin massage techniques to strengthen participants' understanding. The implementation of the activity went well and received enthusiasm from the participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in pregnant women's knowledge about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and skills in performing oxytocin massage. Thus, this activity is expected to support the increase in exclusive breastfeeding coverage through the empowerment of pregnant and lactating women, as well as a promotive-preventive strategy in maintaining the health of babies in a sustainable manner.

Background: Thel postpartum periodl is al recovery phase involving lphysical and psychologicall changes, during which mothersl often experience fatigue due to increased cortisol levels. Excessive fatigue can interfere with the breastfeeding process and reduce motivation for exclusive breastfeeding. Lavender aromatherapyl is al non-pharmacologicall therapy containing linalool with sedative effects to provide relaxation and reduce fatigue levels. lObjective: This studyl aimed tol determine thel effect ofl lavender aromatherapy onl reducing fatigue in postpartuml mothers atl Puskesmas Ibu, West Halmahera Regency. Methods: Thisl study was al Pre-Experimentall study withl a Onel Group lPretest-Posttest lDesign. The studyl population consisted of lall postpartum mothersl at Puskesmas Ibu, with a total sampling technique of 30 respondents. The research instrument used anl observation lsheet, and ldata analysis wasl performed usingl the Paired Sample T-Testl (α = 0.05). Results: The majorityl of lrespondents' characteristics were inl the agel range of 20-35 yearsl (76.7%), had Senior High School education (60%), were unemployed/housewives (70%), and were primiparous (60%). The resultsl of thel Paired Samplel T-Testl showed al mean fatigue score before the intervention of 27.33, which decreased to 11.50 after the intervention (mean difference 15.833) with a lp-value = l0.000. lConclusion: There isl al significant effectl ofl lavender aromatherapyl administration on reducing fatigue lin postpartum lmothers at Puskesmas Ibu, Halbar Regency. Lavender aromatherapy is effective as a complementary therapy to aid postpartum maternal recovery.

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infant growth and immunity during the first six months of life. Despite its benefits, many primiparous mothers face challenges in maintaining EBF due to lack of experience, stress, and insufficient support. Husband support has been identified as a crucial social factor that can influence a mother’s confidence and success in breastfeeding. This study aimed to examine the relationship between husband support and the success of exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers in the Kalibaru Public Health Center area. A cross-sectional correlational design was employed, with 90 primiparous mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring husband support, including emotional, informational, and instrumental dimensions, and exclusive breastfeeding practice, following the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Descriptive statistics summarized participants’ demographic characteristics and levels of support, while inferential analysis using the Chi-square test and Pearson correlation determined the association between husband support and EBF success. The results indicated that higher levels of husband support were significantly associated with successful exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers (p < 0.05). Among the types of support, emotional and informational support were particularly influential in enhancing maternal confidence and overcoming breastfeeding challenges. These findings suggest that encouraging husband involvement through prenatal education, counseling, and family-based interventions can improve EBF rates. In conclusion, husband support plays a vital role in the successful practice of exclusive breastfeeding among first-time mothers. Health programs should actively involve fathers to provide emotional, informational, and practical support, thereby promoting optimal breastfeeding outcomes and infant health in the community.

Background: Suboptimal breast milk production during the postpartum period remains a major barrier to successful exclusive breastfeeding. Various non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to address this issue, including oxytocin massage, which is believed to stimulate the release of the oxytocin hormone and facilitate milk ejection. However, findings regarding its effectiveness remain varied, highlighting the need for a comprehensive synthesis of scientific evidence. Objective: This study aims to review and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of oxytocin massage in increasing breast milk production among postpartum mothers. Methods: A literature review with a narrative review approach was conducted using articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Garuda databases published between 2021 and 2025. Keywords included oxytocin massage, breast milk production, and postpartum mothers. Inclusion criteria were original research articles involving postpartum mothers receiving oxytocin massage interventions with full-text access. Article selection followed the PRISMA flow, resulting in 12 eligible studies analyzed narratively. Results: Most studies reported that oxytocin massage improves breast milk production and milk flow, indicated by increased milk volume, improved let-down reflex, higher breastfeeding frequency, and adequate infant intake. The effect is associated with parasympathetic stimulation that promotes oxytocin release and maternal relaxation. Conclusion: Oxytocin massage is a safe and practical complementary intervention to support breast milk production, although further studies with stronger experimental designs are needed.

Suboptimal breast milk production during postpartum is a reason for formula feeding, thus preventing exclusive breastfeeding targets. According to the WHO, the global coverage of exclusive breastfeeding should reach 68% by 2023. Non-pharmacological efforts can be implemented by administering moringa leaf tea, which contains flavonoids, phytosterols, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, which function as lactogogues to stimulate the hormones prolactin and oxytocin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administering moringa leaf tea to breastfeeding mothers at the Fitriatul Laili Rejoagung Banyuwangi TPMB in 2025 on their ability to increase breast milk production. This study involved 30 postpartum mothers: 15 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group. The study used a two-group quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. Five grams of moringa leaf tea, 200 milliliters daily for seven days, was administered to the intervention group. The control group received normal postpartum care. The sampling method used was sequential sampling. Ten breast milk production indices were used as instruments. A t-test was used for data analysis. This study has been ethically reviewed. According to the findings, the average breast milk production in the intervention group increased from 5.87 to 8.87, while in the control group it increased from 6.00 to 6.60. The intervention group's averages differed from the control group by 3.00 and 0.6, respectively. The p-value was 0.000, indicating that tea made from moringa leaves can increase breast milk production. Therefore, this tea is recommended as a natural substitute for breast milk production.

Stunting is a phenomenon of growth impairment experienced by infants and young children under 5 years of age, particularly toddlers aged 0–59 months. Based on Global Prevalence Data, approximately 21.9% to 22% of toddlers worldwide experience stunting. Several factors that contribute to stunting include breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MP-ASI) practices. This study aims to explore the association between experiences of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MP-ASI) and the incidence of stunting among children in the Kampa Community Health Center area. The method used in this study was a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted during the period of January 8–13, 2024, at the Kampa Community Health Center, involving toddlers aged 6–59 months, with a population of 1,576 toddlers. The sample consisted of 68 mothers who had stunted toddlers, measured using a height-for-age (H/A) Z-score of less than -2 standard deviations (SD). The sampling technique applied was total sampling. Data collection was carried out using a microtoise and questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square method. The findings showed a significant relationship between a history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting with a P value of 0.00 < 0.05, as well as a significant relationship between exclusive complementary feeding (MP-ASI) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers with a P value of 0.04 < 0.05. It is recommended that health workers organize counseling classes on lactation and conduct demonstrations on how to prepare complementary foods (MP-ASI), focusing on the use of affordable local food ingredients that are rich in animal protein. In addition, continuous training for community health cadres needs to be carried out to improve early detection through accurate anthropometric measurements, so that toddlers at risk of stunting can be promptly managed.

Breast milk (ASI) is the best source of nutrition for newborns because it contains complete, safe, and stable nutrients, thus supporting optimal growth and development of infants. However, some breastfeeding mothers still do not fully understand the sufficiency of breast milk and its benefits for babies. Therefore, health education efforts are needed to improve the knowledge and understanding of breastfeeding mothers regarding breastfeeding. Health education is an educational activity aimed at inviting and encouraging the community to be willing to take actions that can maintain and improve health. This health education activity on the sufficiency of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers was held on January 24, 2026, at the Sungai Durian Community Health Center (UPTD). The method used in this activity was the delivery of material through health counseling accompanied by a measurement of the level of knowledge using pretest and posttest questionnaires. After the presentation of the material, breastfeeding mothers were asked to complete a posttest questionnaire to assess their understanding of the material that had been provided. The measurement results showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores, indicating an increase in knowledge of breastfeeding mothers after being provided with health education. Thus, it can be concluded that health education activities about breast milk sufficiency are effective in increasing the understanding of breastfeeding mothers regarding the importance of providing sufficient breast milk for babies.