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The purpose of this study is to determine how the social behavior of the Margoagung Village Community, especially Ngino Hamlet, preserves local wisdom inherited from the ancestors of Mbah Bregas, particularly in building community harmony. This field research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This research was conducted by taking a case study in Ngino Hamlet, Margoagung Village, Seyegan Sub-district, Sleman Regency from June to July 2025. The informants of this study were the leaders, committees, traditional figures, and all parties involved and witnessed directly the Merti activities of Margoagung Village. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through four stages, namely: data documentation, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The study findings show that the entire series of Merti activities of Mbah Bregas Village, Margoagung Village build community harmony through participation, cooperation, and mutual cooperation without distinguishing religion, ethnicity, race, social strata, and profession.

This study analyzes the relationship between intercultural communication competence and cultural empathy in Madura ethnic nomadic students. As a group that often faces challenges in cross-cultural communication, migrant students need to have high adaptability in order to interact effectively in diverse academic and social environments. This study aims to understand how the process of cross-cultural communication can shape the cultural empathy of Madura ethnic nomadic students, as well as how factors such as cross-cultural awareness, ease of perspective, feelings of empathy, and expressions of empathy contribute to their adaptation. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method of Madurese ethnic nomadic students spread across several provinces in Indonesia. The results of the study show that effective cross-cultural communication can help students in adjusting to a new environment, increasing comfort in interacting, and strengthening cultural empathy. Key factors contributing to this process include the ability to understand cultural differences, language skills, as well as a willingness to participate in the local culture.

The research paper Examining the leadership of the Office of the Accountant General of the Federation (OAGF), it is evident that the country is in trouble and need a leader capable of bringing out the best in Nigerian supporters and guiding the country toward stability. The next logical step after gathering data is research analysis. Both the main data gathered from the in-person interviews and the data already available from public sources spanning the 50-year study period were analyzed using the constant comparative approach (Merriam, 2019). This clarified the qualitative case study technique utilized in the research design, which examined the influence of leadership on the governance of infrastructure development in Nigeria between 1960 and 2020. This leader needs to be dependable, emotionally knowledgeable, firm, prepared to endure hardships for the country, committed to bridging ethnic divides, and able to instill hope in the populace. leader must be able to process a variety of information and find effective solutions to challenging issues. This essay embraces the idea that leadership entails a leader or leaders, followers, and a social influence process. This viewpoint is influenced by clinical psychology socio-emotional intelligence and social psychology concepts of social influence; as a result, leadership for Nigeria will be examined from these angles.

This study uses a qualitative methodology and secondary source data to investigate election cheating and its impact on Nigeria's democratic consolidation. It will be examined using historical and content analysis. examination. Nigerian democracy's progress has been severely hampered by election tampering. According to the report, e-election holds enormous promise and might be the solution to voter fraud in Nigeria's electoral system provided it is properly deployed and funded. It starts by looking at the constitutional, legal, and theoretical underpinnings of electronic voting. Second, it examines the real-world obstacles to the adoption and deployment of an electronic voting system in Nigeria by learning from other countries. Nigeria's elections have fallen short of expectations thus far because of a variety of electoral manipulations that have prevented the nation from holding legitimate, free, and fair elections within her political system. In addition to undermining Nigeria's democratic consolidation, election cheating has breached the fundamental human right (right to lives) of a large number of Nigerians. This essay offers some crucial suggestions that could solve the issues of election tampering and explain how those actions can support the need for a democratic atmosphere,

This paper's goal is to undertake a critical evaluation of Nigerian democracy's speed, practices, patterns, priorities, issues, and future. Although Nigeria is still run by democratically elected officials, after a century as a political entity, Nigeria has yet to institutionalize democracy at the federal and state levels. After more than 50 years of political independence, the study examines some of the challenges Nigeria faces in institutionalizing democracy. These include the nation's colonial past mixed with the whims of deeply ingrained ethnicity; a smug and extravagant leadership; the military's constant meddling in the democratic process; electoral fraud; widespread poverty; and a high rate of illiteracy. According to the publication, corruption is the main cause of most of the aforementioned issues and has essentially taken on a life of its own in Nigeria. However, the study argues that despite the aforementioned, there is still hope for a politically secure and democratically viable People's enthusiasm to vote, the multi-party system's relative stability and sustainability, and the widespread recognition that the only legitimate and well-liked path to gaining political power is through the voting booth are what define the nation. The historical approach of data analysis—simple descriptive collation and analysis of historical data—is used in this paper, which draws its data from primary and secondary source materials. 

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia lives with a pluralistic society. The existence of this pluralistic society indicates that Indonesia is filled with diversity. Starting from ethnic diversity, customs, culture, religion, and many more Again. This diversity shows that Indonesia needs a system democratic government, where every government process requires the people's contribution so that the people continue to live side by side even though they are filled with the essence A democratic country is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. This means that the government exercises its power on behalf of the people. Therefore, Indonesia implementing an election system in determining leaders in Indonesia. However, in this election process there are ties of primordialism that influence how people determine their choices according to certain beliefs trusted. This research explores the existence of primordialism in elections in Indonesia, especially in West Tanjungpinang District, Tanjungpinang City. Researcher explore the primordial factors, such as customs, ethnicity, culture, religion and social groups that influence the dynamics of elections. Researchers found that Primordialism often influences voting behavior. This research too aims to find out how primordialism influences voting behavior in West Tanjungpinang District

Indonesia needs get rid of terrorism For forever . Journal This aiming For describe and analyze with use approach various effort countermeasures crime terrorism in Indonesia. Methods research used​ in study This use approach qualitative descriptive For serve description about terrorism and some strategy For to fight crime This is in Indonesia. Formulation problem based on description background back on top is as following : what just factor crime terrorism in Indonesia and how method overcome crime terrorism in Indonesia. Terrorism is disturbing phenomenon . Efforts​ countermeasures crime terrorism committed​ Government implemented through effort repressive . There are five factors that cause crime terrorism in Indonesia, namely : ethnicity , nationalism / separatism , poverty and inequality and globalization , non-democracy , violations dignity humans and religious radicalism .

Genocide is one of the most serious crimes in international law, regulated by various legal instruments such as the 1948 Genocide Convention and the 1998 Rome Statute. This crime involves the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a group based on race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality. This study aims to analyze the role of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in enforcing genocide law and identify the obstacles in applying individual criminal responsibility. Additionally, mechanisms for resolving genocide disputes through peaceful and legal means in international law are discussed. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, analyzing international legal documents and case studies. The results show that although the ICC has jurisdiction to try genocide cases, law enforcement processes often face political challenges, particularly the UN Security Council veto power and state sovereignty. In conclusion, international efforts to address genocide require stronger cross-country cooperation and enhanced legal mechanisms to overcome political and diplomatic challenges.

Serious human  rights violations that occur in Indonesia, such as in Aceh, Papua, Jakarta, Poso and East Timor, fall into the category of crimes against humanity. Indonesia adopted the principles of international law into national law, which were adapted  to the ideological values  of the Indonesian nation, namely Pancasila, namely adopting the principles of genocide (mass extermination of an ethnic group) and the principles of crimes  against humanity contained in Article 6 and 7 Rome Statute 1998. Partially the Rome Statute was implemented in national law by adopting it through Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Court. The problem that arises is how the provisions of Article 6 and 7 of the 1998 Rome Statute  concerning genocide and crimes against humanity were adopted in Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning the Human Rights Court. This research uses a normative juridical approach by studying or analyzing secondary data in the form of secondary legal materials by understanding law as rules or norms  which are benchmarks for human behavior that is considered appropriate.  Research using  this normative juridical method essentially emphasizes the deductive method as a general guide, and inductive method as support. Article 6 of the 1998 Rome Statute concerning Genocide (Mass Extermination of an ethnicity) and Article 7 of the 1998 Rome Statute  concerning Crime Against Humanity are included in the group of serious human rights violations. Indonesia has an interest in promulgating Law Number 26 of 2000 driven by the desire to fulfill the complementary principles adopted by the 1998 Rome Statute so that  Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning trials for serious human rights violations  meets the minimum standarts international law. The 1998 Rome Statute is an international agreement that cannot be reserved  so that ratification of the 1998 Rome Statute is fully binding of ratifying countries so that the Indonesian government must be careful in ratifyng it, but for Indonesia's interests,  several principles and provisions in the 1998 Rome Statute were adopted.      

: Identity politics is political strategy that uses social identities such as ethnicity, religion, and gender to gain electoral support. This article explains how the phenomenon and influence of identity politics in Indonesia, the issue of identity politics in the 2024 elections and identity politics based on Islamic teaching sources. Identity politics can be positive or negative. Positive in nature means that it makes an impetus to recognize and accommodate the existence of comparisons, even to the extent of recognizing the predicate or privilege of a region or nation due to a basis that can be understood historically and logically. It is negative when there is a difference between one group and another, for example the domination between the majority and the minority. Identity politics grows over a social group that considers intimidated and discriminated against by government and state power in regulating government order, this condition which then becomes the basis for the birth of identity politics in state issues.

Indonesia is a country with high diversity, both in terms of ethnicity, religion, culture and language. This diversity is the nation's wealth, but it can also be a potential for the emergence of division and conflict. Efforts to maintain national unity and unity are very important in the Indonesian context. National integrity is an important parameter in realizing national unity and integrity. The purpose of this writing is to understand the urgency of national integrity as national unity and integrity. By using the Literature review method, namely collecting library data and information by exploring knowledge or science from sources such as books, journals, written works, lecture notes and several other sources that are related to the research object. The research results show the importance of national integration: National integration is very important to build the unity and integrity of the Indonesian nation. This integration reflects an effort to combine various elements in society, including ethnicity, culture and religion, into one strong national entity. Preventing Internal Conflict: National integration plays an important role in preventing internal conflict that could threaten the integrity of the country. This integration helps reduce inequality and injustice, which are the roots of internal conflict. Building National Identity: National integration helps build and strengthen national identity. National identity is the basis for citizens' sense of pride in their country. Through integration, shared values, national symbols and shared history can be explored and promoted. Development of National Integration: National integration enables countries to provide better services and build national unity. This integration also helps raise awareness of a common identity, strengthen national identity, and build national unity.

Intellectual property rights are an implication of the development of international trade, especially in industrial countries. In developing countries, the understanding and protection of intellectual property rights receives less attention, which causes many violations of intellectual property rights and harms creators and inventors. Intellectual property rights have an important role in economic traffic, both regional and international, including investment in a country to spur economic growth of the country and its people. Indonesian society, which is diverse in culture, religion and ethnicity, has very rich creative works, and must take part in the utilization of intellectual property rights. Legal protection and use of copyright are very necessary to become a source of development for the national economy and Indonesian society This research is aimed at examining the implications of Intellectual Property Rights on economic benefit gains. An owner of Intellectual Property Rights as a creative subject must obtain a guarantee of legal protection on his or her work. The result shows that the form of legal protection of intellectual property rights is that the owner of intellectual property rights in performing his or her rights must be protected by law. The economic rights owned by the owner will gain economic benefits if it is performed. The rights include the rights to use, to produce, to publish, to copy, to import, to export and to grant a license (permit) to another party that is intended to make use of the intellectual property. In a condition of law violation, the Law of Intellectual Property Rights as a preventive effort will give a right to an owner of intellectual property rights to sue on civil, criminal, or administrative law. The sanctions on the law breaker are also already written in each law of intellectual property rights that includes copy right, brand right, patent right, graphic design right, and integrated circuit lay-out right. The reason why an owner does not automatically gain economic benefits from his or her work is because he or she does not use the economic rights that he or she has. Some matters causing it are quite high costs of production, difficult licensing, and hard competition. The law protection and economic benefits are two essentials of intellectual property rights. An owner of intellectual property rights is a creative subject that should have those two matters.  

One of the main pillars of effective democracy is freedom of speech, which allows everyone to express their opinions and perspectives freely without fear of facing repressive actions or unjustified barriers. Everyone is entitled to the freedom of association, assembly, and speech, as stated in Article 28E (3) of the 1945 Constitution. The aim of this research is to study the legal aspects of the existence of hate speech on social media. This study examines the current legal framework governing freedom of speech and efforts to protect human rights in relation to racial harassment by reviewing existing legal regulations. The research method employed is literature review (bibliographical study). In legal research, the normative jurisprudence method is based on legal provisions such as human rights books' regulations, as well as information from research journals related to the research subject. Initial research findings suggest that hate speech is not a form of freedom of speech, and society should not respond to hate speech with more hateful speech. Instead, they can report hate speech content to the Ministry of Communication and Informatics for removal. The Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) can serve as a resolution due to the existence of hate speech on social media by proving the occurrence of hate speech, whether it involves defamation or hate speech against Ethnicity, Religion, Race, or Inter-group relations.   Keywords: HAM, ITE Law, Hate Speech

Ethnicity, religion, race and intergroup (SARA) are social elements that have an important role in human life, therefore, the freedom of each party must be respected and guaranteed. Religion is an important element of human existence and perhaps the most impressive element that can exert an important influence on the behavior of individuals. Indonesian positive law regulates punishment for perpetrators of religious blasphemy regulated in Article 156a of the Criminal Code. The initial purpose of enacting this article was against the backdrop of the many sects of belief and mysticism teachings that were considered heretical and not in accordance with the religious teachings of the Indonesian people. Article 156a of the Criminal Code is intended to prevent religious teachings from being distorted which are considered as the main teachings by the leaders or religious leaders concerned; and this rule protects religious peace in society and maintains the values of religious teachings that are maintained by the community from insults/humiliations and from teachings not to embrace a religion based on Belief in the One Supreme God.

Human rights protect individuals, groups, or property. The nation or state officials as part of the country have an international obligation to protect the community and their property, where international human rights standards are established and developed in various international forums. This study aims to provide a critical review of the Convention related to Human Rights which guarantees the right of everyone to be treated equally before the law regardless of race, color, origin, and ethnicity, which also forms the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination to supervise its implementation. This qualitative research used a descriptive approach to collect data systematically, factually, and quickly in accordance with the description when conducting research. The results of this study showed that the principles of human rights guide law enforcement in prosecuting criminals. These principles emphasize the importance of supervision (including clarity in the chain of command) of law enforcement agencies. These principles also explain in detail the guarantee of the right to life fulfillment.