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The governance of village funds represents a critical dimension of decentralized public financial management, particularly in remote and capacity-constrained regions where oversight mechanisms face structural limitations. This literature review examines the role of Risk-Based Internal Audit (RBIA) as a strategic instrument for strengthening the supervision of village fund management through risk mapping, early warning mechanisms, and fraud prevention. Adopting a state-of-the-art literature review design, the study synthesizes peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and authoritative institutional reports published primarily within the last five years. The review integrates the analytical lenses of RBIA as articulated in the International Professional Practices Framework, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) based on ISO 31000 and COSO ERM, the COSO Internal Control–Integrated Framework, and the Fraud Triangle and Fraud Diamond theories. Thematic synthesis reveals that effective village fund oversight depends on the systematic identification and prioritization of risk, the alignment of audit planning with high-risk areas, and the integration of internal control and risk management processes into audit assurance. Furthermore, the literature highlights the growing relevance of early warning systems and audit analytics in enabling proactive detection of emerging risks and potential fraud, although their implementation in remote areas remains constrained by limited data quality, digital infrastructure, and administrative capacity. This review contributes theoretically by consolidating fragmented strands of audit, risk management, and fraud literature into an integrated conceptual framework tailored to village fund governance. Practically, it offers evidence-based insights for auditors, policymakers, and local governments seeking to enhance accountability and risk-responsive oversight in decentralized and remote public finance settings.

Operational risk management is an essential aspect in maintaining the stability and sustainability of micro-enterprises operating in the culinary sector, particularly in the fast food industry, which relies heavily on production processes, raw material quality, and human resource skills. This study aims to analyze the types of operational risks that arise in the daily operations of the Kebab Capadocia MSME in Boyolali Regency using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and field observations. The COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework was used as the primary theoretical foundation to map risks based on five components: risk identification, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. The results indicate that the business faces four main risk categories: production process risks, human resource risks, food hygiene and safety risks, and raw material distribution risks. Implemented controls are still informal and not supported by standard operating procedures (SOPs), resulting in recurring risks that impact product quality. These findings contribute to the MSME risk management literature and offer practical recommendations for strengthening operational structures based on systematic risk management.

This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance characteristics, financial structure, and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) disclosure in Indonesian non-financial firms. Focusing on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2023, the analysis examines whether board size, the proportion of independent commissioners, and leverage influence the extent of ERM disclosure. Using a quantitative approach, multiple linear regression is applied to secondary data obtained from firms’ annual reports. The findings indicate that board size and the proportion of independent commissioners do not have a significant effect on ERM disclosure, while leverage exhibits a positive and significant relationship. This result suggests that firms with higher debt levels are more inclined to enhance risk disclosure as a mechanism to address information asymmetry and demonstrate accountability to investors and creditors. The study contributes to the ERM and corporate governance literature by providing evidence from an emerging market setting and highlighting the practical importance of financial structure in shaping risk transparency, offering relevant insights for corporate decision-makers and regulators to strengthen sustainable risk management practices.

This study aims to identify, assess, and control risks that arise in container loading and unloading activities at PT Dunia Express Transindo using the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) approach. Container loading and unloading activities are complex and involve various parties, making them highly susceptible to risks, both from internal and external aspects. Risks that can occur include system disruptions, operational negligence, equipment damage, and environmental factors such as extreme weather that can affect the smoothness of the loading and unloading process. Therefore, the company needs to have a structured, comprehensive, and sustainable risk management system to maintain operational continuity. This research method refers to the COSO framework and the ISO 31000:2018 standard which focuses on the process of risk identification, assessment of likelihood and impact levels, and formulation of appropriate mitigation strategies. Data were obtained through interviews with management, field observations, and analysis of company documents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of ERM is able to map risks more systematically, making it easier for the company to determine handling priorities. Several risks with a high probability and significant impact received special attention through the implementation of mitigation strategies such as improving information technology systems, routine employee training, and more scheduled equipment maintenance. These findings indicate that ERM implementation not only functions as a risk control tool but also plays a role in increasing operational efficiency, strengthening inter-departmental coordination, and minimizing potential losses that could disrupt company stability. Furthermore, ERM implementation makes a real contribution to increasing the competitiveness of companies in the logistics and stevedoring sector, especially in facing dynamic business challenges and external environmental uncertainty.

Compliance of healthcare and medical personnel with established procedures—particularly Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)—is crucial for ensuring patient safety, high-quality healthcare services, and the sustainable operation of hospitals. This study analyzes the influence of Organizational Support, Motivation, and the Completeness of ERM SOPs on personnel compliance at Petrokimia Gresik Driyorejo Hospital. A quantitative approach using a survey method was employed. The study population included all healthcare and medical personnel directly involved with ERM SOPs. Through purposive sampling, 85 respondents were selected. Data collection used closed-ended questionnaires tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression through SPSS version 25. The analysis found that Organizational Support (X1), Motivation (X2), and ERM SOP Completeness (X3) simultaneously had a statistically significant effect on Compliance (Y), with the F-test showing F_calculated > F_table and significance < 0.05. Individually, all three independent variables showed a positive and significant relationship with compliance. Among them, ERM SOP Completeness had the greatest influence, followed by Motivation and then Organizational Support. These findings emphasize that clear, comprehensive, and accessible SOPs are essential in guiding staff behavior and ensuring consistent adherence to risk management protocols. Additionally, motivated employees supported by the organization are more likely to comply with procedures and internal policies. Therefore, organizational strategies should not only focus on developing complete SOPs but also on fostering a supportive work culture and enhancing staff motivation through training, recognition, and leadership support. In conclusion, the study suggests that hospitals aiming to improve compliance with ERM procedures should adopt a holistic approach by investing in SOP development, providing consistent organizational support, and maintaining high levels of employee motivation. These efforts will contribute to better risk mitigation, service quality, and overall hospital performance.

This paper explores the strategic integration of cybersecurity into enterprise risk management (ERM) frameworks to enhance digital resilience in modern organizations. Drawing on a qualitative library research method, the study synthesizes literature, models, and case analyses to identify best practices and governance structures that align technical cybersecurity measures with broader organizational goals. The research reveals that treating cybersecurity as an isolated IT function weakens risk visibility and incident response, while embedding it within ERM enables proactive identification, prioritization, and mitigation of cyber risks. The study highlights challenges such as the communication gap between IT teams and senior leadership, lack of standardized cyber-risk metrics, and siloed governance structures. It proposes cross-disciplinary collaboration, integrated risk frameworks (e.g., ISO 31000, NIST), and metrics-driven decision-making as essential components of effective cybersecurity governance. Although conceptual in nature, the findings emphasize the urgent need for cohesive, strategic, and metric-informed approaches to managing cyber threats. Future research should prioritize empirical validation, industry-specific adaptations, and development of standardized cyber-risk indicators to support evidence-based investment and board-level accountability in cybersecurity governance.

Objective: This study investigates the critical role of risk management practices in enhancing corporate performance, with a specific focus on financial institutions and manufacturing sectors. The research aims to uncover how effective risk management contributes to organizational resilience, operational efficiency, and long-term sustainability.Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology was employed to analyze 11 peer-reviewed academic articles published between 2015 and 2023. The selected studies were drawn from reputable databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, using predefined inclusion criteria. The analysis focused on identifying patterns, gaps, and emerging trends in risk management practices.Findings: The study reveals that robust risk management significantly enhances organizational resilience, mitigates exposure to financial and operational risks, and fosters improved corporate governance. Frameworks such as ISO 31000 and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) are identified as pivotal in aligning risk management with strategic objectives, thereby driving sustainable growth.Contribution: This research underscores the need for a unified and standardized risk management framework that addresses sector-specific challenges while promoting cross-industry applicability. Policymakers and industry leaders are urged to prioritize risk management as a strategic imperative, especially in times of crisis.

Improving shareholder wealth is a primary goal for a company which can be achieved by increasing the firm value. Maximizing profit can enhance the firm value, but it is not sufficient to ensure the long-term sustainability of the company. Firm value can be influenced by financial aspects such as profitability and non-financial aspects such as Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This research aims to analyze the influence of ERM and CSR on firm value with profitability as a moderating variable in technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of technology sector companies is 22 companies. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, the results were 19 companies. Data was collected from company annual reports from 2020-2023. Data analysis was carried out using Moderated Regression Analysis techniques. The research results show that ERM and CSR have no significant effect on firm value and profitability is unable to moderate the influence of ERM and CSR on firm value.

In running a business there are definitely risks. Risks that arise from the internal and external environment of the business can result in the business experiencing losses. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive research method with data collection techniques originating from observations and interviews with the owner of the Manju Steamed Bread business, Tuasan Branch. This research will use Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), where ERM implementation is usually implemented by identifying risks, assessing and controlling risks. Businesses that use Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) can get risks ranging from low (low), medium (medium), high (high). This research aims to identify risks that may occur in the Manju Steamed Bread business, Tuasan Branch, then create a risk matrix to determine the worst risks that must be prioritized in control. The research results show that there are operational risks, namely employees not following steaming machine operating procedures, lack of maintenance of the machine and bread steaming equipment by employees and delays in the arrival of raw materials. This risk will affect the quality of taste, service, and can result in losses due to shop closures due to delays in the arrival of raw materials, so risk management is needed which aims to reduce operational risks that may occur.  

The Thrifting Shop has become one of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that have experienced significant development over the past few years. The current era of globalization has led to consumer behavior influencing the lives of the general public. This is influenced by changing habits and lifestyles. This behavior requires a larger budget, as it is no longer just about meeting needs but also about satisfying desires. Currently, there is a trend towards second-hand clothing (fashion thrift) to meet the increasing demand of consumers, considering that times have changed, buying second-hand clothes has become a trend and a lifestyle that is growing rapidly in Indonesia. Therefore, many new business owners are trying to venture into this thrift business through online platforms like live e-commerce. When discussing the sustainability of a business, it is undeniable that it will face risks. These risks are not only caused by internal factors but also by external factors that force us to be more vigilant in facing these risks. These risks do not only appear in large businesses but also in small-scale businesses like SMEs. This study aims to identify operational risks, their causes, and their impact on business activities and find solutions to address operational risks that occur. The research object is Yodshi Fashion, which is one of the online thrift stores in Cirebon. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through online observation and interviews with business owners, as well as an analysis based on Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). The research results show that there are operational risks, such as the mismatch between the quality of clothes and stock with customer demand, fluctuations in live traffic on e-commerce, high administrative costs on e-commerce, intense competition among online thrift sellers, a large number of PHP customers during live sales, and the cancellation of COD orders by customers. These risks include internal and external operational risks with a high risk level that occurs in Yodshi Fashion Cirebon. These operational risks can affect the quality of products presented and disrupt the service process for customers. Risk management is crucial for operational activities to minimize and prevent the possibility of risks that can cause losses for Yodshi Fashion Cirebon.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis risiko dan bagaimana proses Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) pada Bank Danamon terhadap aktivitas pada perusahaan tersebut. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengamatan (observation research) yang diambil langsung dari hasil pengamatan terhadap objek yang diteliti yakni dengan peninjauan langsung ke Bank Danamon. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikaan bahwa Bank Danamon membentuk risk management yang berperan untuk memantau keseluruhan bank atas risiko kredit, market, likuiditas dan juga operasional. Dan bank Danamon memiliki prinsip bahwa memandang seluruh risiko - risiko secara terkonsolidasi dan mengelola keseluruhan dengan mempertimbangkan kemungkinan antara risiko satu dengan risiko yang lainnya. Kata kunci: Risiko, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), Bank Danamon

Increasing technological developments require many parties to always adjust to all kinds of changes that will occur in the future, both economic conditions, government regulations, consumer conditions, and conditions of competitors. The way companies communicate with their investors has also changed, as a result of the rapid development of the internet. The internet that companies use to report financial information to investors is called Internet Financial Reporting (IFR). Today, IFR has been put forward by most countries because it can minimize the negative effects of information asymmetry, reduce agency costs, reduce capital costs, and increase firm value. Companies in achieving their goals are faced with uncertain conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out how the differences between IFR and ERM in commercial banks in Indonesia with high and low market capitalization values. This research is a non-static analytical descriptive study. The sample used is only two commercial banks to be compared. The results of the comparative analysis carried out showed that there was no significant difference in the implementation of IFR, but in the implementation of ERM there were significant differences.