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Product distribution is a crucial element of the supply chain system that ensures the smooth flow of goods from producers to consumers at minimal cost and with high reliability. Distribution efficiency not only reduces operational costs but also improves customer satisfaction, market competitiveness, and business sustainability. In the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), distribution efficiency becomes even more critical due to limited financial, human, and infrastructural resources. This study aims to analyze the product distribution efficiency of UMKM Kerupuk Jaya Pesona, located in Cinanggung Village, Serang Regency, Banten Province, by applying two classical transportation methods: the North West Corner (NWC) and Least Cost (LC) methods. Both methods were used to determine the allocation pattern that minimizes total transportation cost across three destination regions: Serang, Cilegon, and Pandeglang. The data include three couriers (as supply sources) and three market destinations (as demands), totaling 18,000 product units per distribution cycle. The results show that both NWC and LC methods yield the same total transportation cost of Rp 358,000,000, although their allocation patterns differ. This indicates that the supply–demand and cost structure of the UMKM’s logistics system is balanced. This research concludes that simple optimization methods such as NWC and LC can serve as practical decision-support tools for MSMEs without requiring complex computational models. The study also recommends the application of the Modified Distribution (MODI) method to verify the optimality of the solution and highlights the importance of logistics efficiency in strengthening MSME competitiveness in the digital era.

The textile and textile products (TPT) industry in Indonesia still has a lot of problems, one of which is the problem of raw materials which are considered to be unable to compete with the same material from importation sources. This requires the company continue to strive to increase productivity and cost efficiency to mitigate the increase in prices of raw materials charged to consumers. One effort that can be done by the company is to improve the efficiency of the cost of raw material inventory. The company must be able to plan and control the company's raw material inventory to support the effectiveness of its raw material costs. By having good planning and control, the company will avoid the problem of excess and lack of raw material inventory in carrying out production activities. This study aims to determine the application of the Justintime system at PT Bintang Baru Sentosa in increasing the efficiency of the company's raw material inventory costs. The type of research is quantitative qualitative research with a case study approach. Data sources obtained from primary data and secondary data. The methods used in this study include: interviews, observation, and documentation studies.The results of the study show that using Justintime in controlling raw material inventories has cost efficiencies of Rp18.418.185,- for 75/72 F DTY and 150/48 F DTY with a cost efficiency level of 75%.  Keyword:Raw Materials, Inventories, Just.intime (JIT), Cost Efficiency

Additional criminal threats added on top of the main criminal sanctions aim to prevent military members from committing violations. The aim of this research shows that to maintain discipline, the application of additional punishment must remain based on the principles of law and justice. Qualitative research uses a descriptive approach to collect data systematically, factually, and quickly according to the description at the time of the research. The results of this research show that this additional penalty is expected to provide a stronger incentive for military members to comply with established ethics and regulations, maintain military integrity and efficiency, and improve the public's image and trust in military institutions.

The management of production and operations in factory machinery is an optimal management effort in the use of resources consisting of labor, machinery, equipment and raw materials. The production and operations manager directs various inputs in order to produce various outputs or results in units of quantity, quality, price, specific time and location according to consumer demand. Efficiency and effectiveness of the production process to be achieved requires proper scheduling management so that the production output produced can be completed according to target. Management of production and customer orders is still simple, besides that the status of raw material inventories that cannot be directly known can often result in delays in the production process and even production cannot be done as soon as possible. Scheduling orders that enter using the system first in first out where the first order that comes is done, but has not considered the number of orders, priority of customers, maturity of workmanship and engine capacity so that the estimated completion of the order can not be known. To make it more efficient and directed, the Earliest Due Date method is used by sorting the production work based on the closest due date. This method can be used for scheduling on one machine or for scheduling on several machines (parallel machine) so that the scheduling management information system can manage effective production scheduling and produce production reports automatically as needed.

BLDC motor applications used in various forms in instrumentation, robotics, household, and transportation. One application of transportation equipment used as a propeller of electric bicycle vehicles. The value of the bicycle vehicle adjusted to the speed set, the amount that has determined. The purpose used in this study is to improve the efficiency of the regulation of BLDC motors on electric bicycles. Indicators of increasing performance are increasingly steady-state errors, and transient response required. The method used in this research is to do mathematical modeling in the form of transfer and optimization function equations. The model used is the model with the structure of the transfer function, while the optimization method used in this study is the Ziegler-Nichols method and firefly algorithm. The firefly algorithm is used in this study to obtain optimal Kp, Ki, and Kd values. The results showed that the firefly algorithm achieved better performance compared to the Ziegler-Nichols method.

This study aims to determine the level of achievement of taxes and levies, local tax efficiency, and contributes taxes and levies on Salatiga’s local  revenue. This research uses descriptive quantitative method. The technique of collecting data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data used is data relating to the realization of taxes and levies, budgets of local taxes and levies, as well as Salatiga’s local revenues. The data analysis used in this research is the analysis of the level of achievement of taxes and levies, local tax efficiency analysis, and analysis of the contribution of taxes and levies. Results of the study are: (1) The level of achievement of targets for local taxes and levies during the years 2011-2015 in the category very effective. (2) The efficiency rate for local taxes and levies from 2011-2015 as a whole are at an efficient level. (3) The contribution of local taxes on Salatiga’s revenue from 2011 until 2015 less contribute. Keywords: local taxes, levies, local revenues, the level of achievement of targets, efficiency, contribution.