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This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the implementation of green finance and its relationship with the financial performance and profitability of banking institutions in Indonesia. Although sustainable finance policies have been continuously strengthened by regulators and stakeholders, the contribution of green financing to overall banking performance is still developing gradually, making it important to conduct a more focused and systematic analysis of its effectiveness. This research specifically aims to describe the application of green financing practices, assess financial performance conditions, and analyze bank profitability during the 2020–2024 period. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data on green financing distribution, financial performance indicators such as the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), as well as profitability measured through Return on Assets (ROA). The findings indicate that the implementation of green finance has the potential to enhance long-term financial stability and improve profitability in the banking sector. This study implies that expanding green financing can serve as a relevant and sustainable business strategy for the banking industry while simultaneously supporting national sustainability and environmental development objectives.

The radical transformations toward business economies and knowledge-based information have become a focal point for writers and researchers, particularly in the fields of public administration and financial management. These changes have significantly affected the banking industry, especially with the liberalization of global markets for financial and banking organizations, along with the rapid technological advancements and information shifts. Such transformations have inevitably led to alterations in banking performance, with new methods being adopted to address emerging challenges in the banking sector. In this context, Total Quality Management (TQM) has emerged as a crucial concept with a clear impact on banking performance. Its significance is particularly evident within Islamic banks, as they play a vital role in the global banking system, operating under a set of unique principles and practices. The effectiveness of TQM in improving the operational efficiency and risk management strategies of these institutions cannot be overstated, as these banks consistently demonstrate financial sufficiency, often exceeding required ratios. However, despite their financial stability, Islamic banks face challenges in fully implementing the principles of TQM. This study seeks to explore how the requirements of TQM can help reduce financing risks in Islamic banks by enhancing service quality, improving customer satisfaction, and optimizing internal processes. By examining the relationship between TQM practices and risk management strategies, this research aims to offer insights into how Islamic banks can better navigate the complexities of modern financial landscapes while ensuring continued growth and stability. Through this study, the potential for TQM to serve as a strategic tool for reducing financing risks in Islamic banks will be assessed, contributing to a more sustainable and competitive banking environment.

This study aims to analyze product innovations in the Musyarakah contract applied by Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with case studies from several Islamic banks. Data were collected through documentation and interviews with practitioners. The study found that innovations in Musyarakah products are largely driven by the need to enhance competitiveness and address the unique demands of the Indonesian market, particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)  Several banks have modified the classical Musyarakah structure to align with customer preferences and regulatory standards. For instance, some institutions implement tiered profit-sharing mechanisms, structured financing tenures, and integration with digital banking platforms to improve accessibility and monitoring. In addition, hybrid contracts that combine Musyarakah with other contracts, such as Ijarah or Murabahah, are increasingly used to create more flexible and customer-friendly financing solutions. Practitioners interviewed noted that one of the main challenges in implementing Musyarakah-based products is the higher operational and monitoring cost, due to the nature of partnership-based risk-sharing. However, these challenges are being addressed through technological innovation, such as mobile applications that help track business performance and automate profit-sharing calculations. The study concludes that product innovation in Musyarakah financing can enhance the inclusivity and effectiveness of Islamic banking in Indonesia, especially in supporting entrepreneurial sectors. Nevertheless, standardization, regulatory support, and continued investment in human resource capacity remain critical for sustained innovation. Future research may explore the customer perception of Musyarakah products, the impact of these innovations on financial performance, and comparative studies with conventional financing models.

This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through field studies to explore in depth the implementation of product innovation in Qardh Hasan contracts in the form of business capital loans at Islamic financial institutions. The aim of this study is to understand how Qardh Hasan products function not only as interest-free financing solutions but also as tools for empowering micro and small enterprises. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with institution managers, field officers, and beneficiary customers, as well as through documentation and direct observation of the loan distribution process. The findings reveal that innovations in managing Qardh Hasan products—such as community-based approaches, business mentoring, and entrepreneurship training—can enhance the effectiveness of fund utilization and strengthen the sustainability of micro-businesses. The use of data triangulation confirms that the success of this product largely depends on transparency, social proximity, and the institution’s commitment to upholding Sharia values. This study provides a valuable contribution to the development of socially based Sharia financing models for fostering economic self-reliance within communities.

This study aims to analyze financial statements as a tool to assess the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the period 2020–2023. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, this research calculates key financial ratios, including liquidity ratios (current ratio), solvency ratios (debt to equity ratio), activity ratios (total asset turnover), and profitability ratios (net profit margin). The results show that the current ratio experienced a declining trend from 66.09% in 2020 to 55.16% in 2023, reflecting a weakening ability of the company to meet its short-term liabilities. The debt to equity ratio increased from 315.90% in 2020 to 392.85% in 2023, indicating a high dependence on debt financing. Meanwhile, the total asset turnover improved from 315.90% in 2020 to 392.85% in 2023, suggesting better efficiency in utilizing assets to generate sales. However, the net profit margin declined from 16.42% in 2020 to 12.26% in 2023, signaling a decrease in the company's effectiveness in converting sales into net profit. Based on these findings, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk is advised to enhance the management of current assets, strengthen its capital structure by reducing reliance on debt, and thoroughly evaluate cost control and marketing strategies to improve profitability and ensure business sustainability in the future.   

This research analyzes the effectiveness of People's Business Credit (KUR) financing in facilitating the development of Rukun Jaya Trading Business, a micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) specializing in the processing of kupang skin into animal feed. The rationale for this study is grounded in the pivotal role that micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play in the Indonesian economy, alongside the persistent financial constraints they encounter challenges that the People's Business Credit (KUR) program seeks to address as a government-backed financing initiative.The objective of this study is to assess the degree to which the People's Business Credit (KUR) contributes to the advancement of the enterprise. A descriptive qualitative methodology is employed, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document analysis.The findings indicate that KUR financing has proven effective in enhancing working capital, improving operational efficiency, and strengthening the enterprise's capacity to fulfill its credit obligations all of which contribute to the achievement of sustainable business growth. The implications of this study are intended to offer strategic insights for business owners in making informed decisions, assist financial institutions in enhancing the effectiveness of KUR distribution, and support government efforts in designing more targeted and impactful policies for MSME development.

This study aims to analyze the impact of Mekar Bank loans on the economic well-being of clients and the implementation of sustainable economic principles in financing. The method used is a qualitative approach with case studies conducted in several regions of Indonesia, particularly in the researcher's village, Blimbing, Kesambi, Besuki, Situbondo, where the program is implemented. The results of this study show that Mekar Bank loans have provided easier access to financing aligned with sustainable economic principles, contributing to increased income and improved living standards, especially among women. However, the study also identifies several challenges in the program's implementation, including a lack of client understanding regarding sustainable economic principles and effective financial management. To enhance the program's effectiveness, additional education on sustainable principles and financial management is necessary. Thus, Mekar Bank loans serve not only as a financing tool but also as a means of economic empowerment. These loans also encourage clients to adopt more sustainable business practices, such as the use of sustainable business capital. Therefore, Mekar Bank loans help promote economic growth while also fostering sustainable economic development, ensuring that the positive impacts of these loans continue and extend to more segments of society.   

This research discusses zakat distribution as a strategic instrument in poverty alleviation through the practices of Amil Zakat Institutions in Indonesia. The background of this study stems from the persistently high poverty rate and the great potential of zakat as a source of religious social funds. The objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of zakat distribution by Amil Zakat Institutions in reducing poverty levels. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach by analyzing secondary data from various reports, articles, and institutional publications. The findings indicate that productive zakat distribution—such as micro-business financing, skills training, and economic empowerment programs—has a significant impact on improving the welfare of zakat beneficiaries (mustahik). The implication of this research is the need to optimize zakat management in a sustainable, transparent, and economically empowering way, so that zakat becomes not only charitable but also transformative in socio-economic development.

The purpose of this research is to know and analyse the effectiveness of financing in micro business empowerment at Kspps AL-Anshari Bukittinggi. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, namely collecting data according to what is actually then compiled, processed, analysed to be able to provide an overview of the existing problems. The author obtained information and data from informants by using interviews with informants. The results of this research explain that the effectiveness of financing in the empowerment of micro businesses at Kspps AL-Anshari Bukittinggi, namely in an effort to empower micro businesses, Kspss Al- Anshari Bukittinggi provides business capital financing to customers who apply for a pinjama for mikto business capital, so that with the financing, the customer's income as a micro business entrepreneur can be said to be effective, because every customer who is studied, the average customer's income increases. The effectiveness of financing in micro business empowerment at Kspss Al-Anshari Bukittinggi for the last five years, namely in 2018-2022. In 2018 the effectiveness ratio rate is 77% (quite effective), in 2019 the effectiveness ratio is 83% (quite effective) and in 2022 the effectiveness ratio rate is 72% (quite effective) which is included in the criteria is quite effective. This is because the realisation achieved is still far enough to differ to meet the set target. In 2020, the effectiveness level is 104% (highly effective) due to the realisation that has reached the set target. In 2021 the effectiveness level of 32% (not effective) is the lowest effectiveness level, this is realised very much different from the target. From the results of the last five years from 2018-2022 it is said to be quite effective.

This study analyzes the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) on the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia by 2024. Using a qualitative research approach with in-depth interviews and direct participatory observation of MSME stakeholders who benefit from BRI's CSR programs, the study reveals significant positive results. CSR interventions not only enhance the capacity and competitiveness of MSMEs but also improve their access to financing. Furthermore, the research highlights the broader social and environmental impacts of BRI's CSR, confirming its role in encouraging sustainable business practices among MSMEs. The research findings show strong synergies between BRI's CSR efforts and local government support, which enhances the program's effectiveness and reach across different regions of Indonesia. This research underscores the critical role of CSR in driving inclusive economic development and sustainable growth in Indonesia, advocating for continued support and refinement of CSR strategies as a key driver of economic empowerment and environmental stewardship.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of green financing in sustainable financing for home industry players in Pematang Serai Village. Green financing is a financing scheme or lending to business actors that is environmentally friendly. Based on Government regulations to be able to receive financing with a green financing scheme. To achieve industrial, social and economic advantages to reduce the threat of global warming and prevent other environmental and social problems, the goal is to shift the goal to a competitive low-carbon economy, so that it can strategically promote environmental investment in various areas of business/economy. The research data is sourced from the results of interviews with industrial homes in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. as borrowers/customers of the Green Financing Program with the help of questionnaires so that the questions in the interview are more systematic. Sampling was carried out using proportionate random sampling technique. The data analysis used was: Descriptive Statistical Analysis and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. The results of the study explained that green credit and green technology partially did not have a significant effect on green finance in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, while green product innovation partially had a significant effect on green finance in Pematang Serai Village, Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency.

This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic microfinance institutions in developing micro and small businesses in Indonesia through the distribution of funds based on sharia principles. The method used is a literature review to identify how Islamic financing schemes, such as mudharabah and musyarakah, contribute to increasing access to capital for small business actors. The results of the study show that Islamic microfinance institutions provide more inclusive and fair financing and business assistance and management of social funds such as zakat, infaq, and sedekah. This supports the growth of micro and small businesses and improves the community's economic welfare. However, several challenges remain, such as low Islamic financial literacy and limited capital. Therefore, this study recommends the need for innovation in Islamic financial technology and increased public education to expand the reach and effectiveness of Islamic financial services for micro and small businesses.