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Aqidah Akhlak through a literature review that focuses on lecture and discussion methods. In learning Aqidah Akhlak, choosing the right method is the key to success in delivering material and shaping students' character. The lecture method is effective for delivering basic information systematically, while the discussion method emphasizes more on active student involvement and the development of critical thinking skills. This article reviews various scientific literature to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and relevance of both methods in learning Aqidah Akhlak. The results of the study indicate that the use of both methods in an integrated manner can provide more optimal results, with lectures as an introduction and discussions as a deepening of the material. These findings provide a theoretical perspective for educators in designing effective learning strategies.

This study explores the impact of an entrepreneurial mindset on business growth, with a particular focus on startups in developing economies. Through a case study approach, it examines how entrepreneurial traits such as innovation, risk-taking, and resilience contribute to overcoming challenges unique to these markets, including limited access to resources, unstable regulatory environments, and financial constraints. The research identifies key strategies employed by successful entrepreneurs to drive growth, create competitive advantages, and foster sustainable development. The findings highlight the critical role of entrepreneurial mindset as a catalyst for navigating complexities and achieving scalability in dynamic and resource-constrained environments. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and aspiring entrepreneurs aiming to support and enhance the startup ecosystem in developing economies.

Education is a learning process both through formal and informal activities whose aim is none other than individual self-development. As an effort to master various aspects, both cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Sharia economics in the current modernization context, especially in the concept of the Indonesian state, does not only focus on Muslims. Indonesia's multicultural society with various cultures, languages and religions is a very important market in the development of sharia economics. Likewise in educational institutions.  This research was conducted with the aim of observing the extent of the role of education in increasing Sharia Economic Awareness. The research methods used are observation and interviews. Observing and distributing questionnaires to be filled out by STAI Nurul Falah Airmolek students, especially the Sharia Economics Study Program and several other study program students.The results of this research show that students have a strong interest in sharia economics. They realize the importance of the understanding of Sharia Economics that they obtain to convey to society. However, it is a challenge for students because there are still many students who are not yet literate or aware of the presence of Sharia Banking. Social life and the environment are one of the factors that they consider that they don't really need banking services. Even though times have changed digitally. However, this is the reality that is happening today in the regional environment and is an effort for educators, practitioners and Sharia Banking itself to more aggressively build the interest of the academic community and academics in Sharia Banking.

The integration of Islamic education into a nation’s educational system represents a strategic effort to align religious and national educational objectives under a unified policy framework. In many Muslim-majority countries, the responsibility for managing Islamic education is delegated to local governments as part of a broader national consensus involving various educational stakeholders. This arrangement, however, often raises tensions because education policy is inherently a political decision influenced by state interests and ideological considerations. The process of incorporating Islamic education within the national system reflects the dynamic interplay between religion and politics, where Islamic education both shapes and is shaped by political structures. This study explores how political power affects the development, autonomy, and implementation of Islamic education policies. The objective is to highlight the challenges of maintaining educational freedom and religious authenticity while ensuring state oversight and quality assurance. The findings emphasize that a deep understanding of educational politics enables Muslim educators and policymakers to advocate for Islamic education that aligns with Islamic principles yet remains relevant within the national educational framework. Therefore, the balance between state control and institutional independence is essential in realizing the holistic goals of Islamic education in contemporary society.

This study explores the role of transformational leadership within the context of Christian Religious Education, emphasizing its ethical foundation and implications for shaping the future of humanity. In an era marked by moral ambiguity, rapid technological progress, and declining spiritual values, Christian education faces the urgent challenge of cultivating ethical character, spiritual maturity, and social responsibility. The problem addressed in this research is the gap between leadership practices in Christian educational settings and the transformative outcomes expected in students’ moral and spiritual development. The objective of this study is to analyze how transformational leadership can be effectively applied to Christian Religious Education to foster ethical behavior and visionary thinking. Using a qualitative descriptive method supported by literature analysis and interviews with Christian educators and leaders, this research identifies core principles and strategies that align biblical teachings with transformational leadership theory. The findings reveal that transformational leaders who model Christ-centered values, inspire through vision, and mentor with compassion significantly impact learners’ ethical formation and worldview. The synthesis of ideas highlights the integration of faith, leadership, and pedagogy as a holistic approach to addressing the ethical and existential challenges of the 21st century. In conclusion, transformational leadership within Christian Religious Education is essential in guiding learners toward a life of purpose, integrity, and contribution to a humane and spiritually grounded society.

Learning technology continues to develop as time goes by. Technology is the science of tools and skills that make humans work more efficiently. The implementation of daily learning often follows technological developments in the world of education, as do teachers and lecturers. In the field of education, technology has an influence on improving the quality of education, types of educational technology, information technology and communication and learning technology have a major role in learning. The role of technology in the field of education is as an information center and doing new things to illustrate learning and determine online learning methods. With increasingly developing technology, it can also provide benefits that have both good and bad impacts. One of the developments in technology has had a good influence by increasing self-openness in terms of expanding knowledge as information for all life in the world across borders, places and times. Negative impacts include changes in behavior, morals, rules or morals of life so that they conflict with the moral rules that apply in society. Therefore, to prevent the negative impact of using technology in learning, it is necessary to supervise parents and educators who work together in carrying out teaching and supervising children in using technology. The presence and function of technology in the world of education provides the development and growth of human resources as a determinant in achieving success in education. This kind of thing is caused by human resources themselves which are still lagging behind in using this technology in training. With today's technological developments in education, there are many new innovations to support learning. In this case, one way is to provide changes in educational facilities which are increasingly increasing and developing rapidly through technology.

Multicultural education in Indonesia is an important approach to creating an inclusive and harmonious society, considering the ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity that exists in the country. This research aims to explore the dynamics of multicultural education, the challenges faced in its implementation, and provide recommendations for educational policies and practices. The method used is library research, with thematic analysis of various relevant literature. Key findings suggest that while multicultural education has great potential to build tolerance and mutual understanding, its implementation is still hampered by a lack of understanding among educators and limited resources. Concrete examples of multicultural educational practices in some schools show that with the right approach, this education can have a positive impact on student attitudes. The resulting recommendations include improved training for teachers, curriculum revision, and collaboration with the community. The study also identified the need for further studies to explore the long-term impact of multicultural education and its comparison with practices in other countries. By overcoming the existing challenges, it is hoped that multicultural education can be implemented more widely and have a positive impact on future generations in Indonesia.

This research aims at concrete efforts by PAI teachers in overcoming students' problems, especially in the religious field. This research uses qualitative methods and data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation at Rabbi Radhiyya IT Middle School. The results of this research are the application of counseling guidance in Islamic boarding school learning at Rabbi Radhiyya IT Middle School using exemplary methods, habituation, advice and female studies. Apart from that, the factor that supports PAI teachers in dealing with problem students is the existence of spiritual activities, while the inhibiting factor is the limited time that PAI teachers have in carrying out their duties to solve student problems.

This study explores the application of machine learning to predict students' GPA based on behavioral and time-related factors, including study hours, extracurricular activities, sleep, social interactions, and physical activity. Seven regression algorithms were employed to evaluate predictive accuracy using metrics such as MAE, RMSE, and R2 Among these, Regularized Linear Regression demonstrated the highest accuracy and interpretability, highlighting its suitability for this dataset. The findings emphasize the potential of machine learning in identifying key predictors of academic performance and offer practical applications for personalized academic advising and time management. This research provides a data-driven framework to support students and educators in optimizing learning outcomes.

Higher education institutions play a critical role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by integrating global citizenship into the curriculum. This study examines the implementation of SDG-focused education, highlighting strategies for embedding global citizenship principles in higher education programs. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through literature analysis and case studies from various universities. The findings indicate that interdisciplinary collaboration, experiential learning, and digital technology integration enhance students' awareness and engagement with global challenges. The study underscores the importance of institutional policies and educator training in fostering SDG-oriented education. These insights contribute to the development of comprehensive frameworks for embedding global citizenship in higher education curricula, promoting responsible and ethical leadership for sustainable development.

In the era of digital transformation, online learning has become a dominant mode of education, emphasizing the need for intercultural competence to ensure inclusivity and equity. This study explores strategies for fostering intercultural competence in online learning environments by examining best practices in curriculum design, communication, and technological integration. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through interviews with educators and students from diverse cultural backgrounds. The findings reveal that interactive learning activities, culturally responsive pedagogy, and adaptive learning technologies significantly enhance students’ intercultural competence. The study highlights the importance of fostering a supportive online community, encouraging cross-cultural collaboration, and implementing inclusive instructional strategies. These insights contribute to the development of equitable education policies that address cultural diversity in virtual classrooms.

This study aims to explore the various challenges faced by students in learning science and to analyze the internal and external factors that influence them. This research is motivated by the low success rate of students in science courses, which is thought to be due to multiple obstacles involving cognitive, affective, and learning environment aspects. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and surveys of students enrolled in science courses at universities. The findings show that internal factors, such as self-efficacy, basic mathematical skills, and intrinsic motivation, play a significant role in influencing students’ understanding of science material. On the other hand, external factors, including curriculum, teaching methods, environmental support, and facility limitations, also have a substantial impact. This study suggests improvements in curriculum reform at the elementary and secondary levels, more interactive teaching methods, and adequate academic support to help students overcome difficulties in science courses. These findings are expected to provide insights for educational institutions and educators in designing more effective learning strategies to enhance students' competencies in science.

Listening comprehension is essential in higher education, particularly as students progress from basic intensive listening activities to more complex academic listening tasks. This review examines the strategies learners employ during this transition and identifies effective approaches for improving listening comprehension in University contexts. Drawing on recent research and empirical evidence, the review highlights key techniques such as metacognitive strategies, note-taking, schema activation, and contextual listening, which are crucial for academic success. The findings suggest that while intensive listening fosters foundational skills, academic listening demands advanced strategies, including critical evaluation, synthesizing information, and adapting to different accents and contexts. The review emphasizes the importance of instructional support, such as teaching explicit strategies and incorporating authentic materials, to help students navigate this shift. Educators are encouraged to create scaffolded learning experiences and foster student autonomy. This study contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on EFL and ESL education, providing useful guidance for curriculum developers and educators aiming to improve students' listening skills in higher education.

The condition and situation of education after the Covid 19 Pandemic caused "Learning Loss" and "Learning Outcomes Loss". It takes a learning experience by providing students' reasoning insights and intellectual competence through a portfolio. The presence of educators with the ability to transform learning is needed as a learning conditioning for the ability of students' portfolios.  Quantitative research using a Likert scale questionnaire instrument constructed and developed from the teacher assessment system and David M. Johnson's portfolio. The population is 80 teachers and 80 students of grade VI elementary school in the Kebon Jeruk area, West Jakarta. The findings of the study provide information that the ability of students' portfolios can be constructed and optimized through learning transformation with three dimensions in the form of active participation and success of students, assessment and feedback on the progress of learning experiences and management of students and learning materials.

This study investigates the role of scaffolding assessment in fostering self-directed learning (SDL) within project-based learning (PBL) environments in higher education. Scaffolding assessment, characterized by gradual guidance, helps students transition from structured support to greater autonomy while enhancing critical thinking, goal-setting, and self-regulation. Through a mixed-methods approach, the study examines students' perceptions and experiences of scaffolding interventions in a research-based course. Quantitative findings reveal positive impacts on autonomy, critical thinking, and goal-setting, while qualitative insights highlight the importance of tailored scaffolding tools, motivational elements, and digital adaptability.Although scaffolding significantly enhances SDL by promoting independence and cognitive engagement, challenges remain in optimizing digital tools and addressing individual learning needs. Personalized scaffolding strategies and motivational scaffolds are essential for sustaining long-term engagement and effectively supporting diverse learners in complex, research-intensive environments. This study underscores the importance of adaptive scaffolding designs that balance structure and flexibility, offering practical implications for educators seeking to implement scaffolding assessments to enhance student autonomy and learning outcomes in higher education.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning is not only aimed at improving students' knowledge, but also forming Islamic attitudes and behaviors according to religious values. This study aims to develop authentic assessments integrated into cooperative learning models in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects in Elementary Schools by focusing on the material of Surah Al Alaq. Authentic assessments are used to assess students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects more comprehensively in a real-world context. This assessment is designed to improve students' understanding of Surah Al Alaq, which includes the content, values ​​of faith and knowledge, and the spirit of learning as contained in Surah Al Alaq. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that the use of authentic assessments in cooperative learning increases student participation, understanding of Islamic values, and cooperation skills. This study provides recommendations for educators to implement authentic assessment as an integral part of cooperative learning, especially in Al-Quran materials such as Surah Al-Alaq to create more meaningful learning in Islamic Religious Education subjects

Reading difficulties or dyslexia are learning disorders that affect a person's ability to recognize letters, words, or texts accurately and quickly. This study aims to identify effective guidance methods in helping individuals with dyslexia overcome their challenges. The research approach used is qualitative with a literature study method, which includes an analysis of various sources of theory and practice related to dyslexia. The results of the study indicate that the theory of dyslexia consists of the Phonology theory and the Double Deficit Theory. Teaching methods for children with dyslexia, namely the Fernald method, the Gilingham method, the Grass Analysis method, the Hegge-Kirk-Kirk method and the Neurological Impress method, personalized guidance, early intervention, the use of assistive technology, and a multisensory approach can improve the reading ability of individuals with dyslexia. These findings are expected to be a reference for educators, parents, and practitioners to develop more inclusive and effective guidance strategies in supporting the development of children with dyslexia.

The study focuses on how junior high school (SMP) science students' creativity and learning outcomes are affected by project-based learning (PjBL). The goal of the study is to improve knowledge of how PjBL can affect the creativity and learning outcomes of junior high school science students. Promoting Student Involvement: PjBL is anticipated to boost student involvement in the educational process, which in turn facilitates more profound and significant learning. A qualitative approach was taken, and the literature review served as the mechanism for gathering data. This study intends to aid in the creation of more efficient teaching methods through a thorough selection of relevant material and methodical analysis techniques. The findings demonstrate that students' creativity and learning outcomes in scientific courses are significantly enhanced by project-based learning. PjBL teaches students how to use their knowledge in practical contexts in addition to helping them retain information. Therefore, it is anticipated that this research will offer insightful information to educators and policymakers in order to develop more innovative and successful teaching methods in classrooms.

The quality of educators is something that must always be considered by the government. The quality can be seen from how the characteristics of educators when providing learning in the classroom. This Mini Research will look at the Learning Characteristics of IAT Lecturers at UIN Raden Mas Said Surkarta. In this case, the researcher wants to examine two IAT lecturers only, the two lecturers are: Dr. H. Abdul Matin bin Salman Lc,.M.Ag and Dr. Hj. Ari Hikmawati S.Ag. M.Pd. This research includes descriptive qualitative research analysis. The data collection methods used are questionnaire method and RPS analysis. Respondents of this method are 2 students in each batch. In this case the researchers took from the class of 2016 - 2023, so that the respondents were 16 students. After the data is collected, then the researchers describe, and then the researchers compare and analyze using Permenristekdikti Article 11 Number 44 of 2015 related to “Learning Process Standards”. The conclusion: (1). The learning of IAT lecturers at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta is in accordance with the Learning Process Standards in Permenristekdikti Article 11 Number 44 of 2015 which is Integrative-Interconnective. (2). Learning Characteristics of Dr. H. Abdul Matin bin Salman Lc, M.Ag is more about Interactive, Holistic, Scientific, and Contextual learning. (3). Learning Characteristics of Dr. Hj Ari Hikmawati S.Ag. M.Pd is more about Integrative, Thematic, Effective, and Collaborative learning.

This article discusses the role of Islamic educational philosophy in shaping an Islamic-character society through values and moral approaches. Islamic education emphasizes not only knowledge transfer but also character building based on religious values. The integration of Islamic values and morals in education is expected to foster a generation that is knowledgeable and morally upright, contributing positively to society. This article also highlights the importance of the roles of educators, families, and communities in creating an environment that supports Islamic character education. This synergy is hoped to develop individuals capable of facing modern challenges grounded in solid religious values.