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The Kampung Bahari Nusantara (KBN) Program is one of the Indonesian Navy's community empowerment initiatives aimed at improving the welfare of coastal communities through the development of economic, educational, health, tourism, and defense sectors. Tlocor Hamlet, Kedungpandan Village, Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency, possesses significant coastal resource potential and marine tourism opportunities; however, the implementation of the program has not yet achieved optimal results. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Kampung Bahari Nusantara Program and formulate strategies to optimize its contribution to community welfare improvement. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, interviews, and documentation involving village officials, community members, and representatives of the Indonesian Navy. The findings indicate that the program has positively impacted infrastructure development, tourism growth, and public service accessibility. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including limited community participation, inadequate human resources, insufficient educational and health personnel, and weak inter-agency coordination. The study concludes that optimization can be achieved through strengthening stakeholder collaboration, enhancing community empowerment, improving infrastructure maintenance, and expanding educational and health services. These efforts are expected to promote sustainable welfare improvement and strengthen maritime resilience in coastal areas.

Tegal Regency is a region in Central Java Province. Geographically, Tegal Regency is situated on a highly advantaged path. This regency, with its capital in Slawi, boasts a diverse range of economic centers spread across several regions. Dominated by small and medium-sized industries, the community can be empowered and participate in improving their well-being through job creation. Small and Medium Industry centers are highly diverse. One area we highlight in this article is the potential of metal and machinery SMEs, which are crucial commodities in the local economy. The metal industry is located around Talang District. The metal and machinery sector holds significant promise due to the potential for increased manufacturing demand, which can boost the local economy. In this study, we used field research and interviews to understand how the SME economy operates. By highlighting this, we hope that the government will focus on SMEs, particularly in the metal and machinery sector, by providing incentives for training and improving product quality and human resources. Based on the above description, local economic growth is highly possible with the support of adequate facilities and infrastructure.

Nature-based tourism development has a strategic role in encouraging sustainable local economic growth, especially in rural areas such as Marente Village, Kabupaten Sumbawa. Agal Waterfall is one of the natural tourism destinations that has high attractiveness, but its utilization is still not optimal due to limited facilities and infrastructure, access to the location, promotional activities, and the quality of human resources management. This study aims to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and determine priority strategies in developing Agal Waterfall tourism using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method. The research approach used is descriptive quantitative with primary data collected from 100 respondents. Analysis techniques include the preparation of IFAS, EFAS, SWOT, and QSPM matrices. The research findings show that the beauty of the natural environment and community participation are the main strengths, while the limited supporting facilities and promotion are still the dominant weaknesses. Development opportunities are supported by the increasing interest in nature tourism and the utilization of digital platforms, while threats come from competition between tourist destinations and the potential for environmental degradation. Based on the results of the analysis, priority strategies suggested include improving basic facilities, optimizing digital-based promotions, strengthening the capacity of human resource managers, and implementing the principles of sustainable tourism.

This study examines the optimization of military defense in North Sulawesi as a supporting pillar for Indonesia’s new import gateway. Positioned strategically on the Pacific rim, North Sulawesi is expected to become a hub for imported goods to support national economic equalization. However, this import route shift also brings security challenges, including military and non-military threats such as smuggling, maritime crimes, and potential infiltration by terrorist groups. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method based on literature study, focusing on the analysis of naval and air defense strategies, modernization of main weapon systems (alutsista), and the enhancement of human resources within the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). The results indicate that strengthening defense infrastructure, including the addition of warships, patrol vessels, and modern fighter aircraft, is urgently needed to maintain regional stability. Furthermore, the application of the smart defense concept, integrating advanced technology with local community empowerment, can sustainably enhance maritime resilience. Investment in the defense sector has been shown to create a conducive climate for international trade, boost investor confidence, and strengthen Indonesia’s economic connectivity with the Asia-Pacific region. This study recommends synergy between the Ministry of Defense, TNI, and the national defense industry to accelerate the modernization and maintenance of alutsista, while ensuring the security of trade routes in North Sulawesi. With these measures, North Sulawesi can function optimally as a strategic import gateway that supports national economic growth and reinforces state defense.

East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) possesses substantial natural resource potential across the agricultural, fisheries, renewable energy, and tourism sectors. However, their utilization remains largely unsustainable and continues to face challenges such as excessive resource exploitation, environmental degradation, limited infrastructure, and low human resource quality. This study aims to analyze the prospects and challenges of sustainable economic development in ENT by highlighting natural resource management and opportunities for developing new economic sectors based on innovation and local wisdom. The findings indicate that ENT has strategic opportunities in renewable energy development, sustainable tourism, and agricultural diversification, although these are constrained by weak governance, socio-economic inequality, and vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, the economic transformation of ENT requires strengthened regulations, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and sustainability-oriented investment. The findings underscore the necessity of fostering a sustainable economic transformation in ENT that aligns with global environmental goals while respecting local traditions and resources. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and community stakeholders aiming to promote sustainable growth in the region.

Village entrepreneurship is an initiative designed to stimulate regional economic growth by accelerating the development of rural areas, which have long been perceived as slow, less productive, and lagging behind urban centers. The creation of entrepreneurial villages offers a concrete strategy to enhance community productivity because it encourages all components of the village government, residents, and local institutions to participate in structured and collaborative entrepreneurial activities. Such villages are expected to generate new economic opportunities, strengthen local industries, and increase community independence. However, initial observations from this Community Service program show that partner villages still face significant barriers, including limited land area, geographical remoteness, and inadequate human and natural resources. Many peripheral villages have not yet utilized digital technology effectively, making it difficult to expand markets or access broader economic networks. In addition, challenges related to financial access, limited talent development, socio-cultural constraints, and weak market infrastructure continue to hinder economic progress. These conditions demonstrate the urgent need for strategic assistance, capacity-building programs, and stronger support systems to help villages transform into sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems capable of contributing to long-term regional development.

This research aims to analyze the Regional Government's strategy in developing the Tanjung Lesung Tourism Area and identify obstacles and efforts to improve the community's economy. As a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and a national priority tourism destination, Tanjung Lesung has great potential in encouraging local growth, but its development still faces challenges. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method through interviews, observations, and documentation studies with informants from the Tourism Office, SEZ managers, MSME actors, and Pokdarwis. The analysis refers to the theory of Suryadana's tourism development strategy, including attractions, accessibility, amenities, and institutions. The results of the study show that the government's strategy focuses on the development of attractions through the involvement of MSMEs and cultural preservation, as well as improving facilities with training and community assistance. This strategy has a positive impact on increasing income and job creation. However, there are obstacles in the form of limited regional authority in SEZ management, lack of optimal accessibility and infrastructure, weak collaboration between stakeholders, low capacity of local human resources, and inconsistent promotion. The government's efforts include increasing human resource capacity, facilitating MSMEs in events, and cross-sector coordination. In conclusion, the Tanjung Lesung tourism development strategy has contributed to economic empowerment, but it is not optimal, so stronger synergy is needed between the government, the private sector, and the community to realize sustainable tourism.

This study aims to analyze the impact of digitalization of public services on budget efficiency, governance innovation, and economic growth in Indonesia. Using qualitative methods through a literature review approach, this study explores various academic sources and policies related to the digital transformation of government. The results show that the implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE), e-budgeting, and online public services have a positive impact on increasing transparency, accelerating service delivery, and reducing operational costs. Furthermore, digitalization has contributed to the creation of a new economic ecosystem, which in turn strengthens the principles of good governance in government. However, several obstacles remain to be overcome, such as infrastructure inequality, low digital literacy among the public, and weak regulations supporting the application of technology in public services. Therefore, the success of digitalization of public services depends heavily on the readiness of human resources, the strengthening of more inclusive policies, and synergy between government agencies so that digital transformation can be effective, sustainable, and reach all levels of society.

This study investigates the impact of population growth and the Human Development Index (HDI) on economic growth and unemployment in East Kalimantan Province using path analysis with secondary data from 2014–2023. Population growth and human development are two critical demographic and socio-economic factors that often generate complex effects on regional economic performance. The results indicate that population growth has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, highlighting the pressure that rapid demographic expansion places on natural resources, infrastructure, and employment absorption capacity. Conversely, HDI demonstrates a positive and significant relationship with economic growth, suggesting that improvements in education, health, and income contribute to higher productivity and competitiveness. On the other hand, the direct effect of population growth and HDI on unemployment is negative but statistically insignificant, which implies that the availability of jobs and structural conditions of the labor market are more influential than demographic changes alone. Interestingly, economic growth shows a negative and significant effect on unemployment, supporting the classical theory that sustained economic expansion generates employment opportunities and reduces joblessness. Mediation tests reveal that economic growth does not significantly mediate the relationship between population growth or HDI and unemployment, underscoring that unemployment dynamics in East Kalimantan are influenced by broader structural factors such as sectoral concentration, policy effectiveness, and industrial diversification. These findings highlight the importance of integrating demographic management, human capital development, and sectoral economic strategies in policy formulation. Strengthening human development while controlling excessive population growth can provide a solid foundation for inclusive and sustainable economic progress in East Kalimantan.

This study examines tourism development policies and their contribution to increasing Regional Original Revenue (PAD) in Gresik Regency. The research specifically analyzes policy implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors, and their implications for local economic growth. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected from key informants within the Gresik Regency Government, including the Office of Culture, Tourism, Youth, and Sports, as well as relevant supporting agencies. Primary data were supplemented with secondary sources, and analysis was conducted using McNabb’s (2002) model, which involves data grouping, interpretation, and the formulation of generalizable insights. Findings indicate that tourism development policies in Gresik Regency focus on five key areas: designation and spatial planning of tourism zones, development of tourist attractions and supporting infrastructure, promotion of tourism activities, and business development initiatives. These policies are supported by government regulations, community involvement, improved facilities, diversified tourism destinations, and marketing strategies utilizing both online and offline media. However, several inhibiting factors were identified, including limited funding, inadequate human resources, lack of cooperation with third parties, negative public perceptions, and insufficient knowledge about tourism potential. Overall, tourism in Gresik Regency demonstrates significant potential to enhance PAD, given its diverse natural, cultural, and religious attractions. The study concludes that strengthening collaboration, improving human resource capacity, and increasing promotional efforts are essential for optimizing tourism’s contribution to sustainable regional economic development. Future research should explore quantitative measurements of tourism's economic impact to validate the qualitative findings. Additionally, implementing performance-based budgeting for tourism programs may improve resource allocation and accountability.

The fisheries sector plays a strategic role in Indonesia's national economic development due to its significant contribution to meeting food needs, creating jobs, and earning foreign exchange. However, this sector still faces various serious challenges, such as Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing practices, excessive exploitation of marine resources, degradation of aquatic ecosystems, and weak compliance with applicable legal provisions. These problems not only impact the sustainability of fisheries resources but also threaten the economic sustainability of coastal communities. This study aims to analyze the government's role in overseeing the fisheries sector in Indonesia, which includes regulatory and institutional aspects, and the implementation of supervision in the field. The research method used is a normative juridical approach through a review of relevant laws and regulations, including Law Number 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries as amended by Law Number 45 of 2009, and other derivative regulations. The analysis also considers the role of supervisory institutions such as the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL), and law enforcement officials in preventing and prosecuting violations in this sector. The research findings indicate that the government plays a strategic role in establishing policies, establishing oversight institutions, providing monitoring facilities and infrastructure, and taking legal action against violators. However, oversight effectiveness is still suboptimal due to limited human resources, monitoring technology, inter-agency coordination, and low legal awareness among fisheries business actors. Therefore, strengthening an integrated oversight system, increasing the capacity of officials, utilizing information and satellite technology, and consistent law enforcement are necessary. These steps are expected to ensure sustainable management of Indonesia's fisheries sector, protect marine resources, and support national economic growth.

Batam City is a national strategic area that has played a significant role in Indonesia's economic growth since the 1970s. Through its Free Trade Zone (FTZ) policy, Batam has successfully attracted significant investment and developed into an export-oriented trading center. However, the implementation of regional autonomy has created institutional dualism between the Batam City Government and the Batam Business Entity (BP Batam), resulting in overlapping authority, regulatory uncertainty, and a decline in regional economic competitiveness. This study aims to analyze regional development policy strategies that align with the vision of the Batam City Long-Term Regional Development Plan (RPJPD) 2025–2045. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through document studies, secondary data, and interviews with key stakeholders. The results indicate that institutional restructuring is an urgent need to eliminate overlapping authority between the central and regional governments. In addition, harmonization of central and regional regulations, strengthening infrastructure, and improving the quality of human resources are strategic steps in Batam's transition from an FTZ to a Special Economic Zone (KEK). To achieve Batam's successful development in the future, inclusive multi-stakeholder collaboration and governance that adapts to global dynamics are needed. A policy strategy based on synergy, regulatory efficiency, and resource readiness is believed to be able to support the achievement of sustainable economic transformation in accordance with the region's long-term vision.

The implementation of blue economy policies in Tanjungpinang City, the capital of Riau Islands Province, aims to foster sustainable urban development by leveraging marine and coastal resources. This study explores the potential and opportunities of blue economy principles to enhance economic growth, social welfare, and environmental sustainability. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research evaluates local government policy documents and collaborates with industry stakeholders to assess the impact of these policies. Findings reveal that Tanjungpinang’s strategic maritime location supports significant fishery production (118,661 tons in 2023) and tourism growth, creating jobs and reducing coastal poverty. Key programs include sustainable marine resource management, fishery processing industry development, human resource capacity building, market access optimization, eco-friendly infrastructure, and environmental policy enforcement. These initiatives promote ecological sustainability, economic value, and social inclusivity. However, challenges such as limited processing scales, resource continuity, and environmental pollution persist. The study underscores the need for coordinated governance, technological investment, and community participation to ensure long-term benefits. Tanjungpinang’s blue economy model offers a replicable framework for sustainable urban development in coastal regions.

This research analyses effective industrialisation strategies in districts and cities, by assessing success factors and the role of firms. Regional industrialisation supports economic growth and job creation. Key factors influencing success include the quality of human resources, infrastructure, government policies and technology. Cluster approaches based on local potential and industrial estate development have proven effective. Companies play an important role in creating industrial ecosystems and running CSR programmes. Collaboration between the government, companies and communities is key to successful regional industrialisation. 

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in the Indonesian economy, contributing 61.07% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and absorbing 97% of the workforce. However, this sector still faces various challenges, both from internal factors such as limited capital, human resources, and access to technology, as well as external factors such as a less conducive business climate, inadequate infrastructure, and technological development. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to analyze the problems faced by MSMEs and find strategic solutions. The results of the study show that government support, optimization of access to financing, and utilization of digital technology are needed to increase the competitiveness of MSMEs so that they can continue to grow and make a greater contribution to national economic growth.

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence economic growth in Singapore. The research method used is a qualitative method with descriptive analysis techniques using a literature review approach such as scientific journals and digital books. The results showed that the factors that influence the increase in Singapore's economic growth are foreign direct investment, progressive economic policies, export sector and international trade, energy consumption and infrastructure, human resources and education, finance and banking sector, innovation and technology and strategic geographical location and research issues discussed.  

Article discusses the influence of education on economic growth in developing countries, with a special focus on Indonesia. Education is considered a key factor in improving the quality of human resources, which contributes to economic growth. The three main theories that explain this relationship are human capital theory, allocation theory, and class growth theory. Human capital theory suggests that higher education can increase productivity and wages, despite criticism regarding job quality. Allocation theory highlights the role of education in allocating individuals based on educational strata, while class growth theory highlights the impact of education on social inequality. In Indonesia, challenges faced in the education sector include inequality of access and poor infrastructure, especially in remote areas. Despite increasing education budgets, data shows that classroom infrastructure problems are still not fully resolved. This article emphasizes the importance of research and development to improve the quality of education, which in turn is expected to encourage economic growth and reduce social problems such as unemployment and crime. Successful examples from other countries, such as South Korea, show that a strong education system can contribute significantly to economic growth. The method used in this research is a literature review, which collects and analyzes various studies related to the influence of education on economic growth. The literature sources used include books, academic journals, and research reports, which allows the authors to gain a broader picture of trends, findings, and research gaps in this topic.

This study aims to identify obstacles and opportunities in the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia from a macroeconomic perspective. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study analyzes various literature and secondary data from national and international sources. The research findings show that MSMEs in Mojokerto Regency face several major obstacles, including limited access to financing, lack of digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and challenges in improving the quality of human resources. On the other hand, there are significant opportunities for MSME development through the use of digital technology, government policy support, and export market development. From a macroeconomic perspective, the success of MSME development in Mojokerto will not only have an impact on improving the welfare of local communities but can also contribute to regional and national economic growth. Recommendations from this study include increasing access to financing, accelerating the development of digital infrastructure, and strengthening the capacity of MSME actors through entrepreneurship training and technological literacy. By overcoming these obstacles and utilizing existing opportunities, MSMEs in Mojokerto Regency have the potential to become a driving force for a stronger and more sustainable economy.

This study analyzes the strategy and development of industry in Indonesia with the aim of identifying the main factors that influence the growth of the industrial sector. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study through related documents and journals. The results of the study indicate that industrial growth is influenced by economic, social, technological factors, and government policies. These factors include the growth of the manufacturing sector, the availability of skilled labor, investment, and the adoption of Industrial Revolution 4.0 technology. Government strategies such as Making Indonesia 4.0, tax incentives, and infrastructure improvements have played a significant role in encouraging industrial competitiveness in the global market. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, high production costs that hinder growth, especially for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and product quality that does not meet international standards are still major obstacles. This study concludes that in order to maintain competitiveness, industry must increase innovation, implement new technologies and strengthen the quality of human resources. The active involvement of the government in supporting policies and infrastructure is crucial to encourage sustainable industrial development.

International trade is the main pillar of global economic development. For Indonesia, international trade policy plays a strategic role in encouraging economic growth. As a country rich in natural resources and with a large population, Indonesia has the potential to be significant in the global value chain. However, fluctuations in commodity prices, competitive pressures, and protectionism of trading partners are obstacles that need to be overcome. This study examines the impact of international trade policies on Indonesia's economic growth through a literature study. The analysis focuses on the influence of tariff regulation, free trade agreements, and non-tariff policies on the competitiveness of national products and the protection of domestic industries. The results show that trade policies are effective in creating synergies between exports and economic growth, although challenges in the form of dependence on primary commodity exports and the need to increase manufacturing competitiveness remain. This study recommends strengthening infrastructure, improving the quality of human resources, and sustainable economic policies as strategies to optimize international trade for national economic development.