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This study focuses on analyzing the welfare index in the ASEAN region (covering six major countries) by comparing two perspectives: objective welfare (Human Development Index/HDI) and subjective welfare (World Happiness Index). Using a balanced panel dataset from 2015–2023, the research applies different econometric approaches for each model, namely the Random Effect Model (REM) for HDI analysis and the Common Effect Model (CEM) for happiness analysis. Empirical findings indicate a striking welfare paradox across the six sample countries. In the objective dimension (HDI), economic stability (GDP) and governance free from corruption (CPI) are proven to be the main positive and significant drivers, while government expenditure (GovExp) shows no meaningful impact, suggesting budget inefficiency. Conversely, in the subjective welfare model, the Easterlin Paradox emerges, as GDP and the corruption index have no significant effect on the happiness index. The happiness levels in these six countries tend to be more influenced by government expenditure. This study concludes that strong economic fundamentals and clean governance free from corruption are essential to building a high quality of human life, whereas citizens’ life satisfaction is more determined by the direct presence of the state through public spending.

This study aims to explore the impact of macroeconomic fundamentals on sustainability disclosure in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research utilizes financial performance, company attributes, and ownership structure as linking variables. The approach used is quantitative, employing secondary data from financial statements and sustainability reports of the companies. The population under investigation includes all mining companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2022. The data analysis methods applied include path analysis and regression to examine the relationships between the various factors. It is hoped that the findings of this study will provide deeper insights into the factors influencing sustainability disclosure in the mining sector and offer relevant policy implications for companies and regulators in Indonesia.  

This research investigates the impact of macroeconomic fundamentals on financial performance and capital structure, with earnings management and firm characteristics as intervening variables, focusing on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The macroeconomic fundamentals analyzed include inflation, exchange rates, GDP, and interest rates, which are hypothesized to affect stock returns. Capital structure is measured by the debt-to-equity ratio and the debt-to-asset ratio. Financial leverage is gauged using the interest coverage ratio and the debt-to-operating income ratio. Firm characteristics encompass the company's age, the number of board commissioners, the number of directors, and the number of audit committee members. Financial performance is evaluated using indicators such as EBIT, DFL, DOL, DPR, asset turnover, and EPS growth. The research employs a quantitative method with data analysis conducted using Smart PLS. The results indicate that financial leverage significantly influences firm characteristics and capital structure but does not significantly impact financial performance. Macroeconomic fundamentals significantly affect firm characteristics but do not significantly impact financial performance, earnings management, or capital structure. Firm characteristics significantly influence financial performance but not earnings management. Capital structure significantly affects earnings management but does not significantly impact financial performance. This study aims to provide insights for decision-makers to enhance company financial performance through effective management of capital structure and earnings management.

This study seeks to ascertain the impact of macroeconomic fundamentals, the configuration of ownership, the attributes of the company, and the composition of capital on the practice of earnings management, considering the reputation of the auditor as a moderating factor. This study employs data from 11 firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, chosen through purposive sampling over the years 2019 to 2022, resulting in a total of 44 instances of data observation. The analysis method uses SmartPLS analysis. The research results show that macro fundamentals, ownership structure, company characteristics and capital structure do not have a significant effect on earnings management. The composition of ownership and the financial leverage of a company notably impact its attributes. However, the standing of the auditor does not alter the effect that ownership configuration, company traits, and financial structuring have on the practices of earnings management.

The existence of MSMEs in Indonesia is taken into account, because they contribute greatly to economic growth. The MSME sector is one of the main pillars of Indonesia's economic fundamentals. With the development of digitalization, MSMEs will make the digital economy in Indonesia in 2025 the largest in Southeast Asia. Even so, there are obstacles faced by MSMEs, namely the need to strengthen digital literacy education and strengthen human resources for MSME business actors. The problem that is experienced or faced by SMEs is that online marketing education is still low. Like the UMKM Bintang Lestari in Karangtengah Village, Blitar City. Therefore, students and the 32 Thematic Community Service Groups designed strategies and program plans to help improve MSME product branding. The method used in carrying out activities is a qualitative method by means of observation, discussion, documentation and interviews with the UMKM. The results of the activities also have a positive impact, MSMEs can increase sales and marketing and have good product branding in the eyes of the public.

The financial system plays an important role in the economy. An unstable financial system will be vulnerable to various problems that disrupt the rotation of a country's economy and be vulnerable to economic problems such as the global crisis in various countries. The problem that occurs is the occurrence of Covid-19 causing various fluctuations in the level of inflation, money supply, imports, the occurrence of unstable inflation from January 2019 to August 2021, low inflation resulting in a decrease in imports and an increase in the money supply in Mexico. , Vietnam, Philippines, Hongkong, Indonesia, Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru, and China. The analytical method in this study uses the ARDL Panel (Autoregression Distributed Lag) approach. The ARDL Panel Model determines which country models from APEC countries are able to control long-term financial system-based economic fundamentals in Mexico, Vietnam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru, and China and the Different Test for modeling the impact of covid-19 19 on the economic fundamentals of the financial system. The results of the research found the ARDL Panel prediction model in modeling the impact of Covid-19 on economic fundamentals in the financial system. The main Leading Indicator of variable effectiveness in controlling Inflation In TAPEC is JUB where Vietnam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru and China have a significant influence in controlling Inflation. Then overall in the long term (Long Run) it turns out that only the JUB and CDV variables have an effect on INF In TAPEC, while in the short term (Short Run) it is JUB that influences Inflation In TAPEC.