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Postoperative pain following Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a common clinical problem, reported within the first 24 hours in approximately 50-85% of patients. This postoperative pain can affect maternal comfort, early mobilization, and the recovery process. Theoretically, post-SC pain is associated with tissue trauma and nociceptive responses. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is an increasingly implemented method because it is considered capable of accelerating postoperative recovery and reducing pain intensity after surgical procedures. This study aimed to describe the distribution of post-Sectio Caesarea pain intensity based on patient characteristics. This research employed a descriptive quantitative design with an observational approach. Data were collected using a total sampling technique from all post-SC patients managed with the ERAS method at RSI Fatimah over a one-month period, with a total of 50 respondents. The research instrument used was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed univariately in the form of frequency and percentage distributions. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in early adulthood (26-35 years), accounting for 40 respondents (80.0%), multiparous women totaled 30 respondents (60.0%), maternal indications were found in 33 respondents (66.0%), and 27 respondents (54.0%) had no previous history of SC. Within the first 2 hours after SC, most mothers experienced mild pain (scale 1-3), totaling 31 respondents (62.0%). At 8 hours after analgesic administration, mild pain remained predominant, with 36 respondents (72.0%). In conclusion, most mothers who underwent Sectio Caesarea using the ERAS method experienced mild pain during the early postoperative period.

Postoperative pain following Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a common clinical problem, reported within the first 24 hours in approximately 50-85% of patients. This postoperative pain can affect maternal comfort, early mobilization, and the recovery process. Theoretically, post-SC pain is associated with tissue trauma and nociceptive responses. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is an increasingly implemented method because it is considered capable of accelerating postoperative recovery and reducing pain intensity after surgical procedures. This study aimed to describe the distribution of post-Sectio Caesarea pain intensity based on patient characteristics. This research employed a descriptive quantitative design with an observational approach. Data were collected using a total sampling technique from all post-SC patients managed with the ERAS method at RSI Fatimah over a one-month period, with a total of 50 respondents. The research instrument used was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed univariately in the form of frequency and percentage distributions. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in early adulthood (26-35 years), accounting for 40 respondents (80.0%), multiparous women totaled 30 respondents (60.0%), maternal indications were found in 33 respondents (66.0%), and 27 respondents (54.0%) had no previous history of SC. Within the first 2 hours after SC, most mothers experienced mild pain (scale 1-3), totaling 31 respondents (62.0%). At 8 hours after analgesic administration, mild pain remained predominant, with 36 respondents (72.0%). In conclusion, most mothers who underwent Sectio Caesarea using the ERAS method experienced mild pain during the early postoperative period.

Background: Sectio caesarea can delay physical function recovery in postpartum mothers, affecting daily activities. Early mobilization is an intervention that may accelerate recovery. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of early mobilization in accelerating physical function recovery in post-sectio caesarea patients at RS Muhammadiyah Selogiri. Method: Quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-four postpartum mothers were divided into intervention (n=17) and control (n=17) groups. The Barthel Index, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and observation sheets were used. Results: The intervention group showed faster recovery with significant improvements in Barthel Index scores, time to ambulate independently, and pain reduction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Early mobilization effectively accelerates physical function recovery in post-sectio caesarea patients.

Background: Sectio caesarea can delay physical function recovery in postpartum mothers, affecting daily activities. Early mobilization is an intervention that may accelerate recovery. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of early mobilization in accelerating physical function recovery in post-sectio caesarea patients at RS Muhammadiyah Selogiri. Method: Quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-four postpartum mothers were divided into intervention (n=17) and control (n=17) groups. The Barthel Index, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and observation sheets were used. Results: The intervention group showed faster recovery with significant improvements in Barthel Index scores, time to ambulate independently, and pain reduction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Early mobilization effectively accelerates physical function recovery in post-sectio caesarea patients.

Post section caesarea (SC) and method of operative female sterilization (MOW) are surgical procedures that may cause various problems, such as pain, limited mobility, decreased muscle strength, and risk of postoperative complications. Physiotherapy management through exercise therapy is an important intervention to accelerate the recovery process. Objective this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of exercise therapy in improving the functional condition of patients post SC and MOW in Annisa Ward 32 A at PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Hospital. Method: used was a case report on a 33-year-old female patient following SC and MOW procedures. The physiotherapy interventions included deep breathing exercises, active range of motion exercises of the extremities, light abdominal muscle contractions, gradual early mobilization, as well as breast massage and oxytocin stimulation. The results showed a reduction in pain from a scale of 4–5 to 2–3 based on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), improvement in mobility such as independent position changes, and increased activity tolerance, including sitting and walking with minimal assistance. In addition, the patient showed increased confidence in performing daily functional activities. Conclusion: exercise therapy has a positive effect on improving mobility, reducing pain, and accelerating functional recovery in post SC and MOW patients. Therefore, exercise therapy is recommended as an essential component of postoperative physiotherapy management to improve patients' quality of life.

Providing passive ROM to the extremities can help improve blood circulation, improve respiratory function, and support the recovery of consciousness as assessed using the Aldrete Score. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing early passive ROM mobilization of the extremities on changes in the Aldrete score in patients after general anesthesia. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 57 respondents. The intervention provided was early passive ROM mobilization. The Aldrete score was measured before and after the intervention. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed rank test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that the average Aldrete score before the intervention was 5.89 and after the intervention increased to 9.26. The results of the statistical test showed a p value = 0.0001 (p <0.05), which means that there is a significant effect of providing early passive ROM mobilization of the extremities on increasing the Aldrete score after general anesthesia. From this study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of providing early passive ROM mobilization of the extremities on increasing the Aldrete score after general anesthesia.

The postpartum period following Sectio Caesarea is often accompanied by acute pain due to surgical incisions, which may interfere with mobilization, breastfeeding, and maternal recovery. Effective pain management is essential to prevent further complications and enhance maternal comfort. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions such as Benson relaxation therapy can be implemented. This study aimed to evaluate the application of Benson relaxation therapy in reducing acute pain among postpartum Sectio Caesarea mothers.This study employed a case study design involving four postpartum Sectio Caesarea patients (Ny. R, Ny. A, Ny. Y, and Ny. S) treated in the Ayyub Ward of RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang in 2026. Data were collected through comprehensive nursing assessments, pain intensity measurement using a numeric rating scale, observation of mobilization ability, and evaluation before and after intervention.The results showed that after regular implementation of Benson relaxation therapy, all patients experienced a gradual decrease in pain intensity (from scale 4–7 to ≤3), improved comfort, better breathing control, and increased ability to perform early mobilization. Consistent nursing education, therapeutic guidance, and family involvement supported the effectiveness of the intervention. It can be concluded that Benson relaxation therapy is an effective, safe, and easily applicable nursing intervention for reducing acute pain in postpartum Sectio Caesarea patients.

A decrease in the height of the uterine fundus is an important indicator of a normal uterine involution process after childbirth. Delayed reduction of fundal height may lead to uterine subinvolution, which increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, particularly in post–cesarean section mothers. Early breastfeeding and early mobilization are recommended interventions to support uterine contraction, prevent vaginal bleeding, and accelerate uterine involution. This study aimed to examine the effect of early breastfeeding and early mobilization on reducing the height of the uterine fundus in post–sectio caesarea mothers treated in the Amaryllis SMC Room at Telogorejo Hospital. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population consisted of 523 post–cesarean section mothers hospitalized at SMC Telogorejo Hospital between January and November 2023. Data were collected using structured observation sheets to measure fundal height before and after the interventions. The results showed that the average uterine fundal height before early breastfeeding and early mobilization was 19.74 cm above the symphysis, while after the interventions it decreased to an average of 12.49 cm above the symphysis. Statistical analysis indicated a significant effect of early breastfeeding and early mobilization on the reduction of uterine fundal height (p = 0.000). These findings highlight the importance of implementing early breastfeeding and mobilization as part of postpartum nursing care to support uterine involution and reduce the risk of complications in post–cesarean section mothers.

Postoperative pain is a common clinical condition experienced by patients after surgical procedures and may hinder the recovery process if not properly managed. In addition to pharmacological therapy, safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions are needed, one of which is early mobilization. This study aimed to analyze the effect of early mobilization on pain reduction in postoperative surgical patients. A scoping review method was conducted based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Literature searches were performed using ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases with a PICO strategy, including articles published within the last five years. From a total of 167,948 identified articles, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The results showed that early mobilization performed gradually and according to patients’ clinical conditions had a significant effect on reducing postoperative pain intensity. In addition, early mobilization was associated with improved comfort, enhanced functional recovery, and faster postoperative rehabilitation without increasing the risk of complications. Although variations were found in the timing and type of mobilization across studies, overall evidence supports that early mobilization is safe and effective. In conclusion, early mobilization can be recommended as an evidence-based nursing intervention for postoperative pain management.

Closed distal humerus fractures are injuries involving the distal portion of the humeral bone without disruption of the overlying skin, most commonly resulting from direct trauma such as the impact of a heavy object or blunt force to the elbow region. Although relatively uncommon in adults, this type of fracture presents considerable complexity due to its proximity to neurovascular structures and the elbow joint. Diagnosis is established through targeted anamnesis, comprehensive physical examination, and radiographic imaging in two standard projections to assess the location, fracture pattern, and degree of displacement. Additional modalities such as computed tomography (CT) may be indicated in cases of articular or comminuted fractures to enhance operative planning. Management depends on fracture stability, the extent of displacement, and the condition of surrounding soft tissues. In unstable or comminuted fractures, operative intervention such as Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) is the preferred approach to restore bony continuity, reconstruct articular anatomy, and enable early mobilization. The primary therapeutic goals are to optimize elbow function, maintain joint stability, and prevent long-term complications including stiffness, malunion, delayed union, or non-union. Postoperative rehabilitation plays a crucial role in preventing restricted range of motion and restoring extremity strength. This case report describes a 49-year-old male with a comminuted closed distal humerus fracture of the left arm following direct trauma from a heavy object. The patient underwent complete clinical and radiological evaluation and was treated with ORIF. Early outcomes demonstrated adequate restoration of stability and alignment, affirming that accurate diagnostic assessment and timely intervention significantly contribute to optimal functional recovery of the affected extremity.

Caesarean section (CS) is a major surgical procedure frequently performed for childbirth with specific medical indications. Early mobilization after CS is crucial to accelerate recovery and prevent complications. The Enhanced Recovery After Caesarean Surgery (ERACS) method is a modern approach aimed at enhancing recovery through multimodal pain management and early mobilization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the ERACS method on early mobilization in post-caesarean section mothers. This research employed a quantitative design with a one-group post-test only approach. The study population comprised postpartum mothers following CS at Islamic Hospital (RSI) Al-Ikhlas Pemalang. A total of 50 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using observation sheets and analysed using a one-sample t-test. The results showed that the majority of respondents (78%) achieved independent early mobilization, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.000, indicating a meaningful effect. This study consists of viii (8) pages of introduction, 72 pages of main discussion, 5 data tables, 2 conceptual framework diagrams, and 8 supporting appendices. In conclusion, the ERACS method has a positive effect on early mobilization in post-caesarean section mothers.

Sectio caesarean (SC) is a major surgical procedure performed to save the mother and baby when normal delivery is not possible. However, this procedure may cause postoperative complications such as impaired physical mobility due to pain, muscle weakness, and anesthesia effects. These limitations can delay the healing process, increase the risk of infection, and reduce the mother's self-care ability. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to accelerate recovery is early mobilization through Range of Motion (ROM) exercises. This case study aims to analyze the effectiveness of early mobilization (ROM) intervention on improving mobility and reducing pain in post-sectio caesarean mothers. The study was conducted in June 2025 at RSUD Kajen with three respondents who underwent SC for different obstetric indications (postterm, CPD, and severe preeclampsia). The research design used a descriptive case study with pre–post intervention approach. The results showed that after performing ROM exercises gradually from six hours post SC, pain intensity decreased from a scale of 7–8 to 1–3 within three days. Mobility ability improved from only being able to turn sideways to sitting and walking with assistance. Respondents also showed increased motivation and independence in self-care activities. In conclusion, early mobilization (ROM) intervention is effective in accelerating recovery for post-sectio caesarean mothers. This intervention helps reduce pain, improve circulation, strengthen muscles, and enhance psychological adaptation. Early mobilization should be applied as part of routine nursing interventions in the postpartum ward.

The rate of deliveries by cesarean section (CS) continues to increase globally and is projected to reach 29% by 2030. Although CS is medically effective in ensuring maternal and neonatal safety, the procedure often results in moderate to severe postoperative pain, which may hinder early mobilization, slow recovery, and reduce the mother’s overall quality of life. Effective pain management is therefore crucial. Non-pharmacological therapies such as endorphin massage and lavender aromatherapy have been recognized as complementary approaches that stimulate the release of relaxation hormones, provide natural analgesic effects, and help reduce anxiety. This study aimed to analyze the effect of combining endorphin massage and lavender aromatherapy on reducing pain levels in post-cesarean section mothers. A quasi-experimental design with a pre–posttest control group was employed. A total of 34 respondents were selected using purposive sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The study was conducted in the maternity ward of SMC Telogorejo Hospital from March to April 2025. The intervention group received endorphin massage combined with lavender aromatherapy for 10–30 minutes, while the control group was given deep breathing relaxation only. Pain levels were measured before and after the intervention using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data were collected through questionnaires and medical records, and analyzed using univariate and bivariate techniques with the Mann–Whitney test. Results showed a p-value of 0.000 and Z = -3.774, indicating a significant effect of the intervention. These findings suggest that endorphin massage combined with lavender aromatherapy is effective in reducing postoperative pain. Further studies with larger samples are recommended to explore the optimal duration and frequency of therapy.

Pulmonary contusion is a common complication of blunt chest trauma that leads to parenchymal damage, edema, and bleeding, resulting in impaired respiratory function. Thoracotomy procedures to manage rib fractures are often accompanied by complaints of chest pain and dyspnea. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physiotherapy interventions, specifically breathing exercises and early mobilization, in reducing pain and shortness of breath in a patient diagnosed with pulmonary contusion post-thoracotomy. A case report method was employed with six sessions of breathing exercises and assisted active mobilization over a seven-day period. Assessment was conducted using pain scores, Borg dyspnea scale, and thoracic expansion measurements. Results indicated a reduction in pain and dyspnea scores as well as improved thoracic expansion in the fracture area. Physiotherapy interventions were shown to be effective in promoting respiratory recovery and reducing postoperative complications.

Sectio Saesarea is a way of delivering a fetus by making an incision in the uterine wall through the front wall of the abdomen or vagina or SC is a hysterotomy to deliver a fetus in the uterus (Batara, 2022, p.1). SC is known as one of the procedures that can save both mother and baby. SC can effectively prevent death and disability in mothers and newborns. SC is performed on 3 indication factors, namely maternal, fetal and obstetric factors themselves. The problem that usually arises after SC is pain. Patients after sectio caesarea surgery will feel pain when the effects of anesthetic drugs have disappeared (Solehati & Kosasih, 2015). Postoperative pain after anesthesia is a common complication and will appear 1-3 hours (Saputra, at, al.2023). Pain appears due to the release of pain receptors due to the disconnection of tissue continuity due to the incision process during surgery. Post SC patients usually complain of pain in the abdominal incision area (Wahyuningsih et al., 2022). Pain in patients must be treated immediately so as not to interfere with the mother's activities. There are 2 pain management, namely pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Pharmacological therapy is carried out by administering drug therapy to reduce pain. Non-pharmacological therapy that can be done to reduce pain is one of them early mobilization. Early mobilization after cesarean section is a movement, position or activity carried out by the mother several hours after giving birth by cesarean section (Mawarni, 2018). Early mobilization techniques are very effective in relieving pain. Early mobilization is recommended for post-SC mothers, because it can increase the independence of post-SC patients, as well as support the wound healing process, and reduce pain (Dirgahayu, 2019). Early mobilization interventions can help patients reduce the pain scale felt postoperatively. Case studies using descriptive methods with a nursing process approach were carried out on 3 respondents of post op pregnant women using the One Group Pretest Posttest research design which was measured using the NRS instrument for 3 days. The results showed a decrease in the pain scale in respondents after being given early mobilization interventions. 

Laparotomi is a surgical procedure in which the abdominal wall layer is operated on to remove the part that is experiencing problems. One of the problems that can occur in post laparotomy patients is pain. Pain is a person's emotional experience due to tissue damage that occurs after surgery. Laparotomy postoperative pain management must include all aspects, both in pharmacological and non-pharmacological aspects because pain is not only influenced by surgical wounds but also influenced by emotions. One of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be given to laparotomy postoperative patients is early mobilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early mobilization on reducing pain intensity in postoperative laparotomy patients at Cengkareng Hospital, Belimbing Room in 2024. This research design is a quantitative study with a quasi experimental method using a one group pre-post test design approach, the sample technique uses total sampling, the samples in this study were 20 intervention group samples, the results of statistical tests with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test obtained the results of the p value = 0.001 or <0.05 there is a difference between the pain scale before and after early mobilization. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of early mobilization on reducing pain intensity in patients post laparotomy surgery  

Maternal mortality in Indonesia is still dominated by three main causes of death:bleeding, hypertension in pregnancy, and infection. One high MMR may be due to complications in labor, including SC. Complications that can occur after caesarean section surgery are infections, called postoperative morbidities. The purpose of this study to determine the Factors Associated With Healing Post SC Injury At Efarina Berastagi Hospital. This research type is analytic survey research with cross sectional. The data used is using chis-quare test. The population are 36 peoples and the total sample of 36 peoples. From result of research indicate that from result of Chi-square statistic test at 95% confidence level with α = 0,05, obtained by Asymp. Sig age (0. 001), nutrition (0.041), and early mobilization (0.035) <α (0.05). The conclusion of the study is the relationship of age, nutrition and early mobilization with SC with Post Injury Healing at Efarina Berastagi Hospital in 2023. It is suggested to the hospital to further improve the quality of health service and the managerial of the house more emphasize the implementation of early mobilization for SC mother to avoid infection and to accelerate the recovery of cesarean section injection, and to nurses and midwives to provide and monitoring of the implementation of early mobilization more intensively and to observe nutritional status of post SC mother to accelerate wound healing.

Pleural effusion is a pathological condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, which can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and other complications. This study aims to evaluate evidence-based nursing care for patients diagnosed with pleural effusion using a case report approach. The assessment was conducted holistically, including interviews, observations, and physical examinations. The results show that nursing interventions combining respiratory physiotherapy, such as breathing exercises, mobilization, and patient education, along with medical care, are effective in reducing shortness of breath and improving chest expansion in patients. The management of pleural effusion involves a multidisciplinary approach, including early diagnosis through thoracentesis and imaging, as well as supportive therapies such as respiratory physiotherapy, pleural fluid drainage, and medical interventions tailored to the underlying etiology. This study also highlights the critical role of respiratory physiotherapy in accelerating patient recovery, including deep breathing exercises, chest mobilization, and posture correction. The evaluation indicates that, although the patient’s respiratory problems were not completely resolved, there was significant improvement in overall health status. This study underscores the importance of applying a multidisciplinary approach to improve the quality of life for patients with pleural effusion.

Mobilization is a basic human need required by individuals to carry out daily activities in the form of joint movement, posture and gait in order to meet activity needs and maintain health. The World Health Organization (WHO) says that births by caesarean section are around 10-16% of all births in developing countries, in the last 30 years the incidence of caesarean sections has increased very rapidly, for many reasons but some also don't have the right reasons, just because the patient wants the operation or the doctor wants an easy way, in Australia around 16% to 20% of the reason for the high number of caesareans in the United States is because most obstetricians. The aim of the research was to analyze the relationship between early mobilization post cesarean section and the surgical wound healing process in the postpartum room at Kartika Pulomas Hospital. The type of research used is qualitative analytic with a cross sectional approach design. The sampling technique uses accidental sampling. The number of samples used was 61 people. There is a relationship between early mobilization post cesarean section and the surgical wound healing process in the postpartum room at Kartika Pulomas Hospital. The paired sample t-test showed a value of p = 0.002, meaning p<0.05. Recommendations for hospitals need to have a policy for early mobilization of patients after caesarean section. Early mobilization accelerates wound healing and shortens the period of hospital treatment, so that it is a promotion for the hospital, namely: establishing independent hospitals as the main choice with quality services.  

Fractures can lead to disabilities in individuals, which may result from trauma due to accident (Ramadhan & Pristianto, 2022)s. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply nursing care for Mrs. M, who underwent post-operative hemiarthroplasty for a femoral neck fracture, in the Mawar 2 room at RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. This paper utilizes a descriptive method with a focus on the nursing process approach. The results of the nursing care show that the patient reports pain at the surgical site on the upper right leg, post-operative hemiarthroplasty, with pain described as a pulling sensation in the upper right leg, at a pain scale of 6, and continuous. The client states that she can only lie in bed, with all post-operative activities being assisted by family members. She also reports that she has not received health education on early mobilization and has limited understanding of early immobilization. The nursing diagnoses identified are acute pain, impaired physical mobility, and knowledge deficit. Interventions were based on the SIKI (Nursing Care Standards) and implementation followed the planned interventions. Upon evaluation, one diagnosis—knowledge deficit—was resolved, acute pain was partially resolved, and impaired physical mobility remained unresolved. The results of the nursing care are consistent with the theory. This paper aims to improve skills in providing nursing care.