Publication Search

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition characterized by height below the age standard. This study aims to analyze the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the Parigi Community Health Center, Muna Regency, in 2025. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Informants consisted of mothers who had stunted toddlers as key informants and Posyandu cadres as supporting informants selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with triangulation validity tests. The results showed that feeding practices for stunted toddlers were still not in accordance with recommendations. All informants had carried out Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD), but exclusive breastfeeding was not optimal due to the perception of insufficient breast milk. Complementary breastfeeding (MP-ASI) tended to be given before the age of 6 months, influenced by the assumption that babies were hungry when they cried and cultural habits. The frequency of toddler meals was irregular, the type of food was dominated by porridge, and food variety was still limited. Consumption of animal side dishes, vegetables, and fruit was also not routinely provided. In conclusion, the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the study area do not meet the principles of balanced nutrition and are still influenced by family knowledge and habits. Therefore, increased education for mothers and families regarding appropriate feeding practices is needed to support optimal toddler growth and development.

Background: Comprehensive midwifery care is essential for early detection of complications and reducing maternal and infant mortality rates. In Sleman Regency, despite high access to health services, continuous monitoring remains crucial for ensuring maternal and fetal safety. Objective: To provide comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs. M at Klinik Pratama Shaqi, Sleman, from the third trimester of pregnancy through the postpartum and neonatal periods. Methods: This is a descriptive qualitative study using a case study approach based on Varney's seven-step midwifery management and SOAP documentation. Findings: During pregnancy (37 weeks 6 days), the mother experienced physiological complaints of back pain and shortness of breath, managed through posture education and pregnancy exercises. Labor proceeded normally and spontaneously on October 6, 2024, utilizing "gentle birth" practices such as endorphin massage to reduce pain. A second-degree perineal tear occurred and was treated according to procedure. The baby was born healthy, weighing 3100 grams, with successful Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB). During the postpartum and neonatal periods, uterine involution was normal, breast milk production was adequate, and the infant's growth met standards with no danger signs. Implications: Continuous assistance improves the mother's physical and psychological readiness and ensures a healthy neonatal transition.

Successful breastfeeding is a crucial factor in ensuring maternal and infant health, yet many postpartum mothers experience obstacles in optimally breastfeeding. One factor that plays a significant role in successful breastfeeding is family support and involvement. Families, particularly husbands and immediate family members, play a strategic role in providing the emotional, informational, and instrumental support mothers need during the postpartum period. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family roles and successful breastfeeding in postpartum mothers at TPMB Bdn. Neneng Banjarmasin. This study employed an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 35 postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to measure family roles and successful breastfeeding, including aspects of early breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding frequency, maternal comfort, and sustainability of breastfeeding practices. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that most respondents received good family support and that the majority of postpartum mothers experienced successful breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between family roles and breastfeeding success. In conclusion, family roles are significantly associated with breastfeeding success in postpartum mothers. This finding underscores the importance of a family-centered midwifery care approach in supporting breastfeeding success in community midwifery practice.

Background: Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) is the practice of allowing newborns to breastfeed within the first hour after birth. This practice is not only beneficial for establishing mother-infant bonding but also plays a crucial role in stimulating uterine contractions through the release of oxytocin, which can accelerate uterine involution in postpartum mothers. Uterine involution is an important physiological process that prevents postpartum hemorrhage and supports maternal recovery. Despite the known benefits, not all mothers practice IMD immediately after delivery, which may affect the process of uterine involution. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) and the incidence of uterine involution in postpartum mothers at the Benao Community Health Center Work Area. Methods: A quantitative, observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 30 postpartum mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected on IMD practices and uterine involution assessments. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the relationship between IMD and uterine involution. Results: The study found a significant relationship between IMD and uterine involution (p = 0.000). Mothers who practiced IMD within the first hour postpartum showed a faster and more effective uterine involution process compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) is significantly associated with the incidence and speed of uterine involution in postpartum mothers. Promoting IMD immediately after birth is essential for supporting maternal recovery and preventing postpartum complications

This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and the timing of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF) among primiparous mothers. EIBF, also known as Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD), is a vital procedure that supports the establishment of effective breastfeeding and is recommended globally. Nevertheless, various maternal factors, particularly psychological conditions, may influence the implementation of EIBF. The main objective of this research was to determine whether increased anxiety during the peripartum period is associated with delays in initiating breastfeeding. A correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was utilized in this investigation. The study population consisted of 77 eligible participants, while the final sample included 69 primiparous mothers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were chosen through purposive sampling. The independent variable was the maternal anxiety level, and the dependent variable was the timing of EIBF implementation. Data were gathered using a structured self-administered questionnaire designed to measure both variables. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The findings demonstrated a p-value of 0.0389, which was below the significance threshold of 0.05 (p < 0.05), indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis. Therefore, the results revealed a significant relationship between anxiety levels and the timing of EIBF among primiparous mothers. Elevated anxiety was identified as a factor contributing to delayed initiation of breastfeeding. These findings highlight the importance of regular psychological screening and effective anxiety management for first-time mothers during childbirth to facilitate optimal postnatal care, particularly the timely initiation of EIBF.

Neonatal jaundice is a common health problem in newborns, characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera due to increased bilirubin levels in the blood. This condition, if not detected and treated properly, can lead to serious complications such as kernicterus, which can lead to long-term neurological developmental disorders. Risk factors contributing to jaundice include suboptimal breastfeeding practices, delayed initiation of breastfeeding, and low birth weight. Adequate breastfeeding from an early age plays a crucial role in accelerating the excretion of bilirubin through feces, while monitoring birth weight can help identify infants at risk of hyperbilirubinemia. This outreach activity aims to increase mothers' and families' knowledge about the importance of early and exclusive breastfeeding, as well as monitoring birth weight as a preventive measure for neonatal jaundice. The activity was conducted at Andi Makkasau Regional Hospital using lectures, interactive discussions, and the use of educational media such as leaflets and posters. The training materials covered the definition, risk factors, signs and symptoms of jaundice, early detection procedures, the benefits of breastfeeding in preventing jaundice, and the importance of recording and monitoring infant weight. The activity was evaluated through pre- and post-tests to gauge participants' understanding. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge, particularly regarding the relationship between delayed breastfeeding, low birth weight, and an increased risk of neonatal jaundice. Furthermore, participants gained a better understanding of home-based measures to detect early symptoms and when to immediately take their baby to a health facility.

One of the influences on the success of exclusive breastfeeding is the role of midwives, namely providing counseling on preparation for exclusive breastfeeding, Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) during childbirth, how to do breast care during pregnancy and the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of Community Midwifery Intervention Practice is to educate in order to increase public awareness of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and good and correct breastfeeding methods. The method of activity is through counseling by providing material directly using supporting media power points and booklets given to pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and grandmothers who take care of their grandchildren and discussions about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and good and correct breastfeeding methods and there is an evaluation through pre and post-test with 10 questions. The results of 30 respondents can be seen from the pre-test with good knowledge of 9 people (30%) and after the counseling there was an increase in the results of the post-test with good knowledge of 30 people (100%), indicating an increase of 70%. with ρ value = 0.000 (ρ <0.05) meaning that there is an influence on the Importance of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Good and Correct Breastfeeding Methods and a t value of 8.226. In conclusion, there is an influence on increasing knowledge of the Importance of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Good and Correct Breastfeeding Methods after counseling at Posyandu Mawar Indah 02.

Backgroud: Indonesia is ranked third highest in cases of infant mortality. One of the causes of IMR is that babies are given breast milk too late. If all babies were fed only breast milk from the time they were born until the age of 6 months it could save 800,000 lives. Based on data from the West Kalimantan Health Office in 2021, the IMR was 8 per 1,000 births, in 2022 it will be 5.2 per 1,000 births. The aim of the research is to analyze the relationship between knowledge about early initiation of breastfeeding and mothers' attitudes towards providing exclusive breastfeeding to pregnant women in the third trimester at RSIA Anugrah. Methods: The research design used in this research is cross sectional with a quantitative approach. The research population was all pregnant women in the third trimester who had an ultrasound examination at RSIA Anugrah in August 2024, totaling 532 respondents. The sampling technique in this research used a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 58 respondents. Test the hypothesis using the Chi Square test. Results: Analysis shows that 32 respondents (55.2%) have good knowledge and 50 respondents (86.2%) have a positive attitude. Based on the results of the chi square statistical test, it shows that the p value = 0.000 < p value = 0.05, which means there is a relationship between knowledge about early initiation of breastfeeding and attitudes towards providing exclusive breastfeeding to pregnant women in the trimester III at RSIA Anugrah. Conclusion: Knowledge about early initiation of breastfeeding has a significant relationship with attitudes towards providing exclusive breastfeeding to pregnant women in the trimester III at RSIA Anugrah.

IMD is the process of giving milk to a baby one hour after birth. In Indonesia, the proportion of the IMD population has still not reached the set target. The IMD coverage target in Indonesia in 2019 is 50%. Based on data from the Bantul District Health Service in 2022, the percentage of newborns who received IMD was 83%. The IMD target for Bantul Regency was 85.5%, so this number has not been able to meet the target. The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) and the smooth production of breast milk in postpartum mothers at PMB Tatik Suprihatin. The method used is a quantitative analytical study with a cross sectional design. This research used 40 respondents selected using the total sampling method. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed univariately and bivariately, with the chi-square statistical test.

Colostrum is a component of breast milk in the form of a golden yellow liquid secreted by the mother from the first to the third day after giving birth. Colostrum contains 10-17 times more immune substances than mature milk, so it is very important to help form antibodies in newborn babies (Mardalena, 2017). According to WHO, the production and quality of breast milk is not affected by the nutritional condition of the mother unless the mother experiences extreme malnutrition. This could be a reason to support mothers to continue breastfeeding their newborn babies in emergency situations. (RI Ministry of Health, 2018) stated this information. WHO and UNICEF support exclusive breastfeeding through early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, exclusive breastfeeding without giving any food or drink including water, feeding according to the newborn's desire both in the morning and evening, and avoiding the use of bottles, pacifiers , and teas (Ministry of Health, 2018). This study is an analytical research with a cross-sectional study design used to determine the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF POSTPARTUM MOTHERS TOWARDS THE PROVISION OF COLOSTRUM TO NEWBORN BABIES AT PMB ROSA HULU NIAS SOUTH NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE IN 2024. Research shows that colostrum has a significant impact on Newborns (p= 0.006). There is a significant relationship between family support and giving colostrum to newborns (p= 0.001). Mothers of Newborns are advised to seek information about giving colostrum or breast milk to Newborns through various sources such as electronic media, social media, and health workers to increase their knowledge. Provide training to health staff at the Eninta clinic to increase promotion of giving colostrum to Newborns, so that mothers and families have better knowledge about the importance of colostrum.

One of the MGDS global targets is to reduce MMR and IMR. The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still high at 390 per 100,000 live births. Referring to the link between birth management and various countermeasures for the biggest cause of AKI is postpartum hemorrhage. Efforts have been made in problems related to bleeding, even several studies have carried out IMD in treating bleeding problems considering that the presence of IMD can affect the hormone oxytocin which is associated with bleeding. The purpose of this study was to see how IMD influences the amount of bleeding in the fourth stage.This research is a Quasi Experiment using primary data. The population and sample were all primiparous women with a total of 46 respondents using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis was univariate and bivariate using the Independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant effect between IMD on the amount of bleeding in the fourth stage. The average number of bleeding in the fourth stage of respondents who underwent Early Breastfeeding Initiation was 150.63 with a standard deviation of 22.149. Meanwhile, for respondents who did not undergo Early Breastfeeding Initiation, the average number of bleeding in the fourth stage was 166.09 with a standard deviation of 21.580. In the statistical test, the value of P = 0.000 was obtained. With this study, it was found that there was an effect of IMD on the amount of bleeding in the fourth stage of labor. It is hoped that midwives and doctors will implement IMD in order to reduce morbidity and mortality of mothers and babies.

Early Breastfeeding Initiation is the process of allowing the baby to breastfeed on its own immediately after birth. This is nature and a gift from God that has been arranged for us. Doing it is also not difficult, it only takes about one to two hours. IMD must be carried out immediately at birth, without delaying weighing or measuring the baby. Babies should also not be cleaned, only dried except for their hands. This process must take place skin to skin between baby and mother. This research uses an analytical type of research with a retrospective research design. The research aims to determine the relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD) and exclusive breastfeeding at the Sonomartani Community Health Center. Based on the data in table 4.3, it can be seen that 5 respondents (38.5%) did not practice IMD but did not provide exclusive breastfeeding and 8 respondents (61.5%) did not practice IMD but did not provide exclusive breastfeeding. Carrying out IMD and providing exclusive breastfeeding was 21 respondents (95.5%). The statistical test results of the chi square test obtained a p value = 0.000, so it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) and exclusive breastfeeding, namely Ha received. The importance of giving birth in a health service is to avoid sudden emergencies that can cause complications and to provide care according to procedures. This is in line with research by Norhana, Arifin and Yulidasari (2016) that mothers who give birth in health facilities are 15,167 times more likely to carry out IMD. Of the 20 respondents who successfully carried out IMD, 19 respondents (95%) were accompanied by their husbands and family when giving birth and 17 respondents (84%) of them succeeded in providing exclusive breastfeeding. Husband and family support play an important role in managing IMD and building maternal self-confidence. The relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD) and exclusive breastfeeding at the Sonomartani Community Health Center in 2022" with a total of 35 respondents and data processing that has been carried out using SPSS, it can be concluded that the chi square test value is p < 0.05, meaning that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted: Based on the research results, the majority of respondents who carried out Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) were 22 respondents (62.9%). Based on the research results, the majority who gave exclusive breastfeeding were 26 respondents (74.3%). Based on the research results, there is a relationship between carrying out IMD and providing exclusive breastfeeding. The statistical test results obtained a chi square test value (p < 0.05) with a value of 0.000.  

Colostrum, which is part of breast milk, contains immunoglobin M. Colostrum is breast milk that comes out a few days after giving birth and is clear or yellowish white. Objective: to determine the relationship between providing early initiation of breastfeeding and breast milk with the immune system of babies at the Tolo Health Center, Jeneponto Regency in 2020. The type of research used was a cross sectional study. The sample was 60 mothers who had babies aged 1-6 months who were in the working area of the Tolo Community Health Center, Jeneponto Regency. The results of the research show a relationship between giving early initiation of breastfeeding and the baby's immune system at the Tolo Community Health Center, Jeneponto Regency in 2020 with a p value = 0.024 < α 0.05. = 0.021 < α 0.05. Conclusion: there is a relationship between providing early initiation of breastfeeding and breast milk with the baby's immune system at the Tolo health center, Jeneponto Regency 2020. Suggestions: To increase knowledge and information for mothers about the importance of carrying out IMD immediately after the baby is born so that it can prevent antenatal deaths.

Considering how important Early Breastfeeding Initiation is, especially in Indonesia, it is being implemented, one of the main goals of which is to ensure smooth breastfeeding, where the aim of the baby getting breast milk is to be able to develop the baby's maximum potential (Rahmat, 2018). This study aims to analyze the relationship between early initiation and the smooth production of breast milk in post-partum mothers at the Datar City Health Center, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2023. This research is an analytical description with a cross-sectional approach and bivariate data analysis is the data analysis used in the research to determine the relationship or influence of the independent variable with the dependent variable using chi-square test analysis, at the p-value statistical significance limit α (0.05), then Ha: accepted and Ho: rejected (Hardani, 2020).Based on the table above, it can be explained that of the 32 respondents, those who did not initiate early breastfeeding, the majority of mothers' breast milk was not flowing smoothly, 13 (41%). Based on this table, it can be seen that there is a relationship between early initiation and the smooth production of breast milk for post-partum mothers at the Kota Datar Community Health Center, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2023 with a p value of 0.001.This means that there is a relationship between early initiation and the smooth production of breast milk for post-partum mothers at the Datar City Health Center, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2023

Infant deaths generally occur in the early neonatal period due to hypothermia. The incidence of hypothermia in newborns is quite high, globally ranging from 8.5-52%, an estimated 17 million newborns experience hypothermia in developing countries. The incidence of hypothermia in newborn babies is 92.3%, the infant mortality rate due to hypothermia is 6.3%. One intervention to minimize the incidence of hypothermia in newborn babies is to initiate early breastfeeding. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on hypothermia in newborn babies at the Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. The research method used a pre-experiment with a one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with 14 respondents. The measuring instruments in this study were a digital axillary thermometer, standard operating procedures (SOP) for early breastfeeding initiation and observation sheets. Data analysis using paired sample t-test. The results of the paired sample t-test found a p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05), so it can be concluded that there is an influence of early initiation of breastfeeding on hypothermia in newborn babies in the Midwifery Room at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. Early initiation of breastfeeding can be used as an intervention for newborns to minimize the incidence of hypothermia

Mortality and morbidity in pregnant women is a serious problem for the world. The causes of maternal death are quite complex problems, which can be classified based on reproductive factors, obstetric complications, health services and economics. The government program, namely early initiation of breastfeeding or breastfeeding after giving birth for the first time, can provide many benefits for babies and mothers so that maternal and infant mortality rates can be reduced with the early initiation of breastfeeding program. This study aims to determine the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on stopping post partum bleeding at the Tiganderket District Health Center. Tiganderket, Karo Regency. This type of research is quantitative research using a pre-designed experiment with a statistical comparison group approach / control group design only post test, and analyzed using an independent t test. Data collection uses primary and secondary data. The respondents of this research were 16 mothers who gave birth at the Tiganderket District Health Center. Tiganderket, Karo Regency The results of this study show that the average number of fourth stage blood deliveries between mothers who were given early breastfeeding initiation and mothers who were not given early breastfeeding initiation was obtained where p=0.000 so p<0.005, then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted ..The conclusion is that there is an effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on stopping post partum bleeding at the Tiganderket District Health Center. Tiganderket, Kab. Karo in 2023

One of changes that occur in puerperal ( post- partum is involution . uterus Involution or uterine contraction is a process uterus back into shape before pregnant . Uterine involution can also be regarded as the return of the uterus to its original state or condition before becoming pregnant. There are several factors that affect uterine involution including postpartum gymnastics. early mobility for maternal mothers, Early breastfeeding initiation, nutrition status, psychological age and parity factors. Early initiation of breastfeeding ( Inisiasi Menyusui dini or IMD ) is a breastfeeding process immediately after birth for 1 h. The purpose of research is to study influence of implementation early breastfeeding initiation ( IMD ) on the maternal uterine involution in BPS flora. This type of research is the study cohort analytic design Prospektive. Population and sample in this research is maternal in BPS flora in 2013 with techniques samples is concecutive sampling . The variables studied in this research is dependent and independent variables ,dependent variable studied were uterine involution while independent variables were early breastfeeding initiation (IMD). Quantitative data analysis include univariable and bivariate analysis with using t test. The results showed that average Height of uteri Fundus on day 6 postpartum that give Early Breastfeeding initiation ( IMD ) is 10,54 cm with standard deviation of 1.103 cm while Height of Fundus uteri in mother don;t give IMD is 13.33 with standard deviation 1,129 . based on statistical tests found an average difference both of them is p value of 0.000 with 95 % CI 2.143 to 3.440. There is a significant fundus height difference between mother that give IMD and who does not in BPS Flora . Health workers, particularly midwife are expected to be able to perform delivery assistance with IMD.

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding is the process of a baby breastfeeding immediately after birth, where the baby is allowed to look for the mother's own nipple (not having the nipple offered). Early initiation of breastfeeding will greatly help in the continuation of exclusive breastfeeding (breast milk only) and the duration of breastfeeding. IMD has been shown to extend the duration of breastfeeding, increase the chances of a baby being breastfed in the first months of life, and can also contribute to increased exclusive breastfeeding. Babies who practice IMD also appear to interact more with their mothers and cry less (UNICEF, 2018; WHO, 2019 ). This type of research is analytical, namely the researcher will analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge and basic immunization provision, with a cross-sectional design, namely data on the mother's level of knowledge and basic immunization provision. The research was conducted at the Midwife Sri Wulandari clinic, S.Tr.Keb in 2023. The research was conducted April to June 2022. The population is relatively small, namely under 100 people. From the description above, the author used a total sampling technique, namely 52 mothers with 1 year old babies.

Service quality can be measured by comparing perceptions between the expected service and the service received and felt by the patient. Patient satisfaction is the level of patient feelings after comparing with his expectations. If a patient is satisfied with the value provided by a product or service, it is very likely that they will become a customer for a long time. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between service quality in the registration section and patient satisfaction for pregnant women at the Highlands Assistant Health Center, Highlands District, Binjai City in 2023. The type of research used in this study is analytical with a cross-sectional approach with the research sampling technique being non-probability sampling. or non-random sampling was carried out at PMB Tuti Khairina, Serdang Bedagai Regency with a sample of 32 KF 1 post partum mothers from February to May 2023. The results of the chi-square test obtained a p value = 0.001 (p <0.05). This means that there is The Relationship between Early Initiation and the Smooth Expenditure of Breast Milk in Post Partum KF 1 Mothers in PMB Tuti Khairina Serdang Bedagai Regency in 2023    

Background: Sixty percent of all maternal deaths occur during the postpartum period and 45% of these cases occur within the first 24 hours postpartum (WHO, 2018). Steps that can prevent postpartum bleeding management include active third stage, administration of uterotonics and early initiation of breastfeeding. Oxytocin hormone levels will increase in the third stage after separation of the placenta and when early initiation of breastfeeding is carried out because the pituitary gland releases the oxytocin hormone through the baby's stomping, touching and licking of the mother's skin so that it can prevent postpartum bleeding and speed up the expulsion of the placenta naturally. Objective: To determine the effect of early initiation on the number of post-delivery events at the Griya Mazaya midwifery clinic in 2023. Method: The research method uses analytical observational analysis with case control. The research design used a retrospective approach with a sample size of 44 respondents divided into 22 groups of respondents who did IMD and did not do IMD with a data processing test using Mann Whitney. Results: The results of Mann Whitney data processing showed a p value of 0.000, which means p value < sig (0.05) thus proving that there is a difference in the incidence of post-delivery bleeding. Mothers who did IMD had less bleeding than mothers who did not do IMD. Conclusion: Management of early initiation of breastfeeding immediately after the new baby is born can significantly reduce the rate of postpartum hemorrhage.