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This study aims to analyze the implementation of Dayak local wisdom values in the Merdeka Curriculum at public elementary schools in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan. Dayak local wisdom, which encompasses values such as mutual cooperation, solidarity, tolerance, environmental awareness, and respect for cultural traditions, plays a significant role in shaping students' character amid the challenges of globalization and the disruptive era. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. The research participants include school principals, teachers, students, and educational stakeholders from several public elementary schools in Pulang Pisau Regency. Data are collected through observations, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature reviews. Data analysis is conducted using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings are expected to provide a comprehensive description of how Dayak local wisdom values are integrated into the planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning activities within the Merdeka Curriculum framework. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify supporting and inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of local wisdom in educational practices and to formulate strategic recommendations for strengthening character education and preserving local culture in elementary schools. The results are expected to serve as a reference for educational policy development that promotes cultural preservation and enhances the quality of learning in accordance with the socio-cultural context of local communities.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a national priority program aimed at improving students’ nutritional status as part of efforts to enhance the quality of human resources. The success of this program is determined not only by nutritional fulfillment but also by the quality of governance in its implementation. This study aims to analyze the application of Good Governance principles in the Free Nutritious Meal Program at SMP Negeri 13 Surabaya. A qualitative method with a case study approach was employed. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and document analysis involving students, parents, teachers, and personnel from the Jemur Wonosari 1 Nutrition Program Service Unit (SPPG). Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program has reflected most Good Governance principles, particularly in terms of regulatory compliance, equitable service access, implementation effectiveness, and stakeholder coordination. However, improvements are still needed in beneficiary participation, information transparency, evaluation mechanisms, and program feedback systems. These findings provide important implications for strengthening the governance of the Free Nutritious Meal Program to become more participatory, transparent, accountable, and sustainable.

The development of digital technology has driven significant economic transformation in various countries, including Muslim countries. Economic digitalization offers various opportunities, such as increased transaction efficiency, expanded market access, and strengthened financial inclusion. However, this development also presents various challenges, such as low Islamic financial literacy, the risk of technology misuse, and the emergence of economic practices inconsistent with Islamic principles. This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic economic values ​​in supporting the economic resilience of communities in Muslim countries in the digital era. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with library research methods. Data were obtained from various literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, academic articles, and reports relevant to Islamic economics, economic resilience, and the digital economy for the 2021–2026 period. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that Islamic economic values, such as justice, honesty, trustworthiness, and the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (gharar), and maysir (gambling), play a crucial role in creating more transparent, ethical, and sustainable digital economic activities. Furthermore, the development of Sharia-compliant fintech, Sharia-compliant digital financial services, and Sharia-compliant business platforms also supports increased financial inclusion and community economic resilience. Therefore, integrating digital technology and Islamic economic values ​​can be a strategy for strengthening the economic resilience of communities in Muslim countries.

This study was motivated by the importance of using digital technology-based learning media in Catholic Religious Education learning to improve students’ learning achievement. The development of digital technology requires teachers to use interesting and interactive learning media that are suitable for students’ needs. This study aimed to determine the use of digital technology-based learning media in Catholic religious education learning and its impact on students’ learning achievement at SMPK Swadaya Tuakepa. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research subjects consisted of the principal, the Catholic religious education teacher, and five students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that digital technology-based learning media such as PowerPoint, learning videos, Canva, Kahoot, and Quizizz had been utilized well in the learning process. The use of digital media helped teachers explain learning materials more clearly and attractively so that students became more active, focused, and motivated in learning. In addition, the use of digital media also improved students’ intellectual abilities, cognitive strategies, attitudes, and skills. Therefore, digital technology-based learning media can improve the quality of Catholic religious education learning and students’ learning achievement at SMPK Swadaya Tuakepa.

This study aims to describe the types of meaning contained in the short story collection Ihwal Nama Majid Pucuk through a semantic study and to produce a recommendation for handout teaching material in learning short story texts for grade XI of senior high school. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method and a text-analysis model, while the data consist of word, phrase, and sentence quotations collected through documentation techniques. The main theory used is Abdul Chaer's theory of meaning, supported by Geoffrey Leech's theory of associative meaning, with data analysis following the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the three analyzed short stories contain eight types of meaning, namely lexical and grammatical meaning, referential and nonreferential meaning, denotative and connotative meaning, word and term meaning, conceptual and associative meaning, idiomatic meaning, figurative meaning, as well as locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary meaning. Lexical and grammatical meanings dominate the findings, while proverbial meaning is not found in the data source. The diversity of these meanings confirms that this short story collection is suitable to be used as handout teaching material for short story texts in grade XI of senior high school. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis makna yang terkandung dalam kumpulan cerita pendek Ihwal Nama Majid Pucuk melalui kajian semantik sekaligus menghasilkan rekomendasi bahan ajar handout pada pembelajaran teks cerpen kelas XI SMA. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan model analisis teks, sedangkan data berupa kutipan kata, frasa, dan kalimat yang dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi. Teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori makna Abdul Chaer dan teori pendukung makna asosiatif Geoffrey Leech, dengan analisis data mengikuti tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam ketiga cerpen yang dianalisis ditemukan delapan jenis makna, yaitu makna leksikal dan gramatikal, makna referensial dan nonreferensial, makna denotatif dan konotatif, makna kata dan istilah, makna konseptual dan asosiatif, makna idiomatikal, makna kias, serta makna lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi. Makna leksikal dan gramatikal mendominasi temuan, sementara makna peribahasa tidak ditemukan dalam sumber data. Keberagaman makna tersebut menegaskan bahwa kumpulan cerpen ini layak dijadikan bahan ajar handout teks cerpen kelas XI SMA.

Communication is a crucial element in the learning process, particularly in the education of students with special needs who possess diverse characteristics, abilities, and communication requirements. These differences require teachers to implement adaptive communication strategies to ensure that learning messages are effectively conveyed and understood by students. This study aims to analyze the communication at SLB YPAC Medan. The subjects of this study specifically focused on third-grade students with intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) and slow learners. The. The study adopted a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers apply communication strategies through a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of simple language, repetition of learning materials, and step-by-step instructions tailored to students’ abilities. Meanwhile, nonverbal communication is expressed through facial expressions, body movements, eye contact, and the use of visual learning media to clarify instructional messages. In addition, interpersonal approaches emphasizing patience, attention, empathy, and emotional closeness were found to enhance the effectiveness of teacher–student interactions. Supporting factors include adequate school facilities, psychological services, and therapy programs, while inhibiting factors involve differences in students’ characteristics and limitations in their communication abilities. This study concludes that adaptive communication strategies that accommodate individual student needs play a significant role in creating an effective, comfortable, and supportive learning environment for students with special needs.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital marketing in Sharia cooperative retail business units to increase sales volume. Advances in information technology have driven changes in consumer behavior, leading to an increasing reliance on digital media for product information and transactions. This situation requires Sharia cooperatives to adapt through the implementation of effective digital marketing strategies. This study employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research informants consisted of cooperative administrators, retail business unit managers, and consumers who interacted with the cooperative's digital marketing media. Data analysis techniques used the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the implementation of digital marketing through social media, WhatsApp Business, and digital promotions can expand market reach, enhance interaction with consumers, and drive increased sales volume. However, obstacles remain, including limited human resources and consistency in digital content management. Therefore, improving the digital competency of cooperative managers is necessary to optimize digital marketing strategies.

The quality of Catholic Religious Education learning is an important aspect in shaping students’ faith, character, knowledge, and religious life skills. However, the learning process at SMK Negeri 1 Talibura still faces various challenges, particularly in the areas of spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, Catholic religious knowledge, and religious life skills. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum (Merdeka Belajar Curriculum) and its contribution to improving the quality of Catholic Religious Education learning at SMK Negeri 1 Talibura. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, Catholic Religious Education teachers, students, and parents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum has been carried out effectively through learning planning, learning implementation, learning assessment, and the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5). This implementation has had a positive impact on the learning process, outputs, and outcomes. Students demonstrated improvements in spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, Catholic religious knowledge, and religious life skills, as well as positive behavioral changes in their daily lives. The findings imply that the Independent Learning Curriculum can serve as an effective strategy for improving the quality of Catholic Religious Education learning in a holistic manner.

This study examines students’ interest in participating in the Al-Kautsar Tahfidz Dormitory Program at MAN 1 Baubau and identifies the factors influencing their participation. The study also seeks to provide a deeper understanding of how both internal and external conditions shape students’ willingness to engage in the program. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with dormitory supervisors, participating students, and non-participating students. Additional supporting information was also gathered through informal discussions and observation in the dormitory environment to strengthen the data validity. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing in an iterative process to ensure accurate interpretation. The findings indicate that students’ interest is shaped by internal factors, such as religious motivation, the desire to memorize the Qur’an, and self-improvement, as well as external factors, including parental support, peer influence, program socialization, and the religious dormitory environment. Conversely, low interest is associated with limited family support, low self-confidence in Qur’anic literacy, competing activities outside school, and perceptions of a demanding dormitory schedule. Overall, the program contributes positively to students’ religious character, discipline, and Qur’anic memorization skills, although variations in student interest remain evident depending on their personal and environmental conditions.

Corporate insolvency regimes have long been designed around efficiency, creditor recovery, and procedural certainty, frequently marginalizing the human, social, and distributive consequences of corporate failure. This qualitative literature review seeks to reconceptualize insolvency as a multidimensional institutional process by integrating the principles of humanity, resilience, and equity, with the objective of developing fairness metrics for more inclusive insolvency systems. Drawing on interdisciplinary scholarship from insolvency law, corporate governance, economic sociology, and normative political theory, this study systematically synthesizes peer reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2024 using a structured qualitative thematic analysis. The review identifies three interrelated dimensions shaping inclusive insolvency outcomes. First, humanity-oriented approaches emphasize stakeholder vulnerability, dignity preservation, and procedural justice, particularly for employees, involuntary creditors, small suppliers, and local communities affected by corporate collapse. Second, resilience based perspectives frame insolvency not merely as an endpoint of failure but as an adaptive governance mechanism that enables organizational recovery, institutional learning, and broader systemic stability. Third, equity focused frameworks highlight the importance of proportional and context sensitive loss allocation, stakeholder participation, and intertemporal fairness in distributing the economic and social costs of insolvency. By integrating these dimensions, the study develops a conceptual framework of fairness metrics that extends beyond traditional efficiency-driven indicators, offering normative and analytical tools for evaluating insolvency systems in a more holistic manner. The findings contribute to insolvency scholarship by bridging fragmented theoretical strands and advancing a human-centered and resilience oriented understanding of corporate failure. The review further suggests that insolvency regimes embedding humanity, resilience, and equity are more likely to enhance institutional legitimacy, stakeholder trust, and long term economic sustainability, thereby providing a robust foundation for future empirical research and policy reform.

The implementation of web-based archive digitalization can help improve performance in the field of archive recording, which was previously still manual at the Naval Academy. Some of the obstacles include archiving that is still manual, many files lost due to piled-up storage systems, and human resources in the field of archiving that are still lacking. This study aims to increase time and cost efficiency in archive processing, reduce the risk of loss and damage to archives, and improve the abilities and skills of human resources in the process of using digital archives. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation with respondents as well as appropriate documentation. The data analysis was carried out through the processes of data reduction, data display, as well as verification or drawing conclusions. The research results can help improve the efficiency and security of archiving by minimizing risks, so that archive management can enhance efficiency and effectiveness, focusing on the implementation of web-based applications.


This study conducts a qualitative literature review to examine how insolvency frameworks in developing countries can be designed to effectively accommodate multinational corporations (MNCs). Drawing on interdisciplinary legal, economic, and policy oriented scholarship, the review analyses why MNCs frequently avoid initiating insolvency proceedings in host developing jurisdictions and instead engage in forum shopping toward developed economies. The findings indicate that institutional weaknesses, limited judicial and professional capacity, inadequate group-insolvency coordination, and low procedural predictability significantly reduce the attractiveness of domestic insolvency regimes. The review further identifies core value foundations legal certainty, transparency, efficiency, stakeholder balance, and enterprise value preservation as essential elements of effective insolvency law reform. The study contributes by synthesising reform priorities that move beyond formal legislative change toward strengthening institutional credibility and normative legitimacy, offering policy relevant insights for developing countries seeking to retain multinational insolvency cases and enhance economic resilience.

This qualitative literature review examines how global litigation finance markets manage the tension between transparency requirements and innovation dynamics. Drawing on academic scholarship, policy reports, court decisions, and industry analyses, the review synthesizes evidence on disclosure obligations, funder influence, national security concerns, and emerging regulatory models. Findings show that while transparency enhances judicial integrity and mitigates conflicts of interest, excessive disclosure may undermine commercial confidentiality and inhibit investment in complex claims. Across jurisdictions, regulatory debates converge on the need for proportionate, court directed mechanisms such as limited in camera disclosure, provenance checks, and funder conduct safeguards. The review concludes that transparency and innovation are not mutually exclusive; instead, balanced regulatory frameworks can preserve market efficiency while protecting due process values and preventing geopolitical misuse. The study highlights significant data gaps and calls for deeper empirical research to guide evidence based policy making.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic school culture in shaping the religious character of students at SMK Islam Insan Mulia. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on interview transcripts with three students from different vocational programs, namely Mechanical Engineering, Accounting, and Culinary Arts. Data were analyzed through data condensation, thematic coding, data presentation, and interpretive conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding of students’ experiences. The findings indicate that Islamic school culture is implemented through religious routines, student discipline, teacher guidance, ethical vocational learning, and the development of a clean and orderly school environment. These practices contribute to the formation of religious character, which is reflected in students’ worship awareness, moral responsibility, honesty in learning, discipline, cooperation, and future orientation. The study also identified several challenges, including limited student independence, peer dependence in group assignments, and the gradual development of facilities in a new vocational program. These findings suggest that Islamic school culture needs to be managed consistently through habituation, teacher role modeling, continuous monitoring, and integration with vocational competencies. The study implies that strengthening Islamic school culture can support both religious character formation and vocational readiness among students.

This study aims to determine the role of women in tourism development in Raja Prailiu Village, East Sumba Regency, and to identify the obstacles faced by women in tourism activities. This research is motivated by the importance of women's involvement in meeting family economic needs while preserving the weaving culture. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Research informants consisted of six women who are active in tourism activities in Raja Prailiu Village. Data sources used include primary data from interviews and secondary data from books, journals, articles, and related documents. Data analysis techniques used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the study show that women have an important role in tourism development, namely as weavers, craft product sellers, tour guides, and actors in preserving culture and cleanliness of the tourist environment. However, women also face various obstacles, such as increasing the number of tourists, high prices of raw materials, limited time due to dual roles, lack of English language skills, and low tourist awareness of environmental cleanliness. This research contributes to showing the importance of the role of women in tourism development and becomes a consideration for the government and the community in supporting tourism development in Raja Prailiu Village.

Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) are a requirement in 21st-century education, yet assessments in schools are still primarily based on lower-order thinking (LOTS) cognitive skills. This study aims to examine the concept of the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy, the characteristics of instruments based on Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), and their implementation in instrument development. This study used a qualitative approach with a heritage study method. Data were obtained from books, scientific journals, and educational policy documents related to HOTS-based assessment. Analysis was conducted through data reduction, categorization, and drawing conclusions based on their alignment with the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy framework. The results of this study indicate that cognitive levels C4-C6 in the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy serve as the primary reference in developing HOTS instruments, which can assist in developing HOTS-based instruments to measure students' higher-order thinking skills.

Within the framework of Islamic family law (fiqh munakahat), the issue of nusyuz plays a significant role, as it is closely related to maintaining harmony and stability in the marital relationship. Generally, nusyuz is often defined as a form of a wife’s disobedience toward her husband. However, Islamic jurisprudence acknowledges that nusyuz can also be committed by a husband if he fails to fulfill the rights, responsibilities, and obligations he owes to his wife, in accordance with the principles of Sharia. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the concept of nusyuz in the context of family life, from the perspective of fiqh munakahat. The discussion covers the meaning and characteristics of nusyuz, its legal basis in Islamic sources, the factors contributing to its emergence, its various manifestations in married life, its implications for family relationships, and existing methods for addressing this issue. This study employs a literature review method supported by a descriptive qualitative approach, drawing on relevant literature from classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources. The results indicate that resolving issues of nusyuz should be approached through a gradual and constructive process, including counseling, dialogue, mediation, consultation, and reconciliation. These steps aim to restore mutual understanding and strengthen family unity. Therefore, raising awareness of each spouse’s rights and obligations is crucial to preventing nusyuz and creating a household filled with peace, love, mutual respect, and intimacy.

This study examines how Nicolás Maduro's anti-neoliberal politics in Venezuela triggered a systematic securitization process by the US from 2014 to 2026. Drawing on Securitization Theory (Buzan et al., 1998) and a Neo-Gramscian perspective (Cox, 1981), this study argues that Maduro's anti-neoliberal policies constitute a counter-hegemonic challenge created by the United States. This threat is framed as a threat to democracy, regional security, and ultimately the narco-state, ultimately leading to the military intervention of January 2026. Economic sanctions failed to pressure the regime, exacerbated the humanitarian crisis, and set a dangerous precedent for the norm of state sovereignty in international law, suggesting that this securitization process proved ineffective. By addressing temporal and conceptual gaps in previous research, this study adds to the Security Studies literature. This study also highlights implications for international law, regional stability in Latin America, and the broader debate on securitization practices in contemporary global politics and US foreign policy strategy and international security governance frameworks debates.  

Reading and writing literacy is a fundamental competency that supports elementary school students’ learning success. However, the development of digital technology has changed students’ learning habits, with some students preferring gadgets over reading books. This study aims to analyze the reading and writing literacy skills of fourth-grade students at SD 3 Wergu Wetan in the digital era, identify factors influencing literacy skills, examine the impact of digital media use on literacy habits, and describe school efforts to strengthen literacy culture. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design involving fourth-grade teachers and students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires, then analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that students’ literacy skills are categorized as fairly good, with a positive response percentage of 70.4%. Nevertheless, some students still require support in understanding reading materials and developing writing skills. Digital media influences literacy habits as both a challenge and an opportunity when used appropriately. School initiatives through the Wednesday Morning Literacy Program, visual-based learning media, and regular reading and writing activities contribute to strengthening literacy culture. Collaboration among schools, teachers, and parents is needed to optimize digital technology use while improving students’ literacy skills.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the group discussion model as a strategy to strengthen students' collaboration in Indonesian procedural text learning in Grade IV of SDN 8 Selat Penuguan. The study focuses on the implementation of group discussion, the forms of students' collaboration, the teacher's role in guiding collaboration, and the supporting and inhibiting factors in the learning process. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data were obtained from the teacher and Grade IV students, while supporting data were collected from learning documents. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was strengthened through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that group discussion was implemented through planning, small-group formation, procedural-text-based tasks, discussion, presentation, feedback, and reflection. The model strengthened students' collaboration through task sharing, mutual assistance, expressing opinions, listening to peers, and taking responsibility for group outcomes. The teacher acted as a learning designer, facilitator, guide, communication mediator, and evaluator of collaborative processes. Supporting factors included teacher readiness, the suitability of procedural text material, the use of worksheets, and a conducive classroom climate, while inhibiting factors included uneven student participation, limited time, differences in language competence, and the dominance of particular students in group work. The study concludes that the group discussion model is relevant for procedural text learning because it integrates material comprehension with the development of elementary students' social skills.