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This study examines the crime of fertilizer counterfeiting in the Kalianda area, South Lampung, which is a form of economic crime with a significant impact on the agricultural sector. Fertilizer counterfeiting not only harms farmers financially, but also disrupts the distribution of subsidized fertilizers and lowers trust in the legal system. This crime is driven by various factors, including economic incentives, weak supervision, and inadequate regulations. In addition, the existence of illegal distribution networks and the lack of effectiveness of law enforcement also exacerbate the problem. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyze the legal aspects that govern the crime of fertilizer counterfeiting, as well as an empirical approach through interviews with law enforcement officials in the South Lampung Regional Police area. The results of the study show that the rampant counterfeiting of fertilizers is caused by economic pressure, weak law enforcement, and low public legal awareness. This practice is often carried out in a covert manner and is difficult to prove technically in the field. In addition, the alleged involvement of certain individuals in the illegal distribution network adds to the complexity of handling cases. This study recommends reforming the fertilizer distribution system that is more transparent, increasing supervision by law enforcement officials and related agencies, and strengthening regulations with the application of stricter sanctions. Efforts to increase public legal awareness are also an important aspect in preventing similar crimes in the future. In addition, the need for synergy between law enforcement officials, local governments, and the community is the main key in tackling this economic crime. The development of fertilizer distribution tracking technology, as well as education to farmers about the characteristics of real and fake fertilizers, is expected to be able to strengthen the protection system at the grassroots level.

Agriculture plays a crucial role in Indonesia's economy and food security, with subsidized fertilizers being a vital component in supporting productivity and the quality of harvests. The subsidized fertilizer policy, as regulated in Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 01 of 2024, aims to ensure the targeted distribution of fertilizers. However, issues related to distribution and the misuse of subsidized fertilizers remain significant challenges. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the subsidized fertilizer distribution policy in Jombang Regency based on Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 01 of 2024. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research gathered data through interviews with informants, observations, and documentation at the Agriculture Office of Jombang Regency. The findings show that although the e-RDKK system has improved farmers' access to subsidized fertilizers, administrative barriers and distribution delays remain major issues. Uneven distribution coverage and the misallocation of fertilizers in several areas reduce the policy's effectiveness. Improvements in distribution management and stricter supervision are necessary to ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector and food security in Jombang Regency. The distribution of subsidized fertilizers in Jombang Regency needs to be improved through more intensive education for farmers and simplification of administrative procedures.

The government initiated farmer cards to improve the distribution of subsidized fertilizers that were still not on the target. However, in some areas the effectiveness of distributing subsidized fertilizers using farm cards is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizers in Cibeuti Village, Kawalu District, Tasikmalaya City. The population in this study was farmers who received farmer cards with a total of 559 people who were then sampled using a random sampling technique of 85 people. This research was conducted using two methods, namely observation and interview. Observation is carried out by collecting data carried out through direct observation of farmers included in the farmer group in Cibeuti Village. The data analysis used is  multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS application. From the results of this study, the level of effectiveness of farmer cards, the distribution of subsidized fertilizers in the Cibeuti area of Tasikmalaya City is very effective and the most effective, indicator of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers is on time, whose efficiency value is 0.005 which means less than 0.05.