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Illegal logging is a serious environmental problem in Indonesia due to its direct impact on forest destruction, biodiversity loss, and increased carbon emissions. The Indonesian government has established various public policies and legal instruments to address illegal logging practices, such as the Forestry Law, the licensing system, and strengthening law enforcement agencies. However, the effectiveness of these policies remains a concern, given that illegal logging cases continue to occur in various regions. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of public policies in enforcing environmental law, focusing on illegal logging cases in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a normative juridical approach by examining regulations, government policies, and secondary data from reports from relevant institutions and previous research results. Analysis shows that despite comprehensive public policy design, its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as weak oversight, poor coordination between institutions, limited human resources, and corrupt practices. Furthermore, social and economic factors in communities surrounding forests also influence the success of environmental law enforcement. Therefore, strengthening law enforcement agencies, transparency and accountability, and active community involvement in forest management are essential. With these improvements, public policy is expected to be more effective in preventing and combating illegal logging for the sake of environmental sustainability in Indonesia.

Archives are documents stored by an institution responsible for managing documents or organizing archival programs. Archives have an important role as a source of information in an agency so it is important to research. This study aims to analyze the management of incoming and outgoing mail archives in Rangkah Kidul Village, Sidoarjo District using descriptive qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. The focus of this study is the management of archives from the stages of creation, use, maintenance and reduction of archives. Informants in this study with five informants. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that 1) the process of creating archives is running quite well supported by the use of the Ebuddy application, although it is still physical. 2) at the stage of archive use, searching is still done manually by searching one by one depending on one officer. 3) at the stage of archive maintenance, the storage process is based on the time of creation, but has not been sorted based on use value and there is no SOP. 4) at the stage of archive reduction, there has never been a transfer or destruction so all archives are still stored.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the legality and limits of police repressive actions against protests that resulted in riots. This type of research is normative legal research with a legislative approach, a case approach and a conceptual approach. The analysis used in this study is an analytical descriptive technique. The results of the research show that the law is always used as a guideline in limiting all citizens' behavior to stay on the right path. Protests often lead to riots, destruction of public facilities, attacks on officers, and violations of public order, so that there is a criminal threat for protesters who do not maintain order and security. The regulation of police repressive actions in protests that result in chaos still needs special refinement in the context of protests, among which the substance of repressive actions must also harmonize technological developments and digitalization in security maintenance. The rules need to be updated by adding objective indicators of threats, public accountability mechanisms, transparent documentation obligations, measurable proportionality standards, and room for recovery for victims of abuse of power.

This research aims to analyze the criminal liability of perpetrators of arson and destruction of public facilities during demonstrations in Indonesia, as well as to examine the enforcement of criminal law against these crimes based on applicable positive law. However, in practice, demonstrations are often accompanied by anarchic actions in the form of arson and destruction of public facilities that harm the public interest and disrupt public order. The urgency of this research lies in the need to ensure that criminal liability and criminal law enforcement for acts of arson and destruction of public facilities are carried out individually and proportionally in accordance with the provisions of the old Criminal Code and the National Criminal Code, in order to prevent the general application of criminal law to participants in demonstrations. The results of the first study indicate that criminal liability for perpetrators of arson and destruction of public facilities during demonstrations has basically been regulated in the old Criminal Code and then updated in the National Criminal Code, especially regarding the crimes of arson and destruction of property. While the second enforcement of criminal law against these acts requires proportional and individual application, even though it is carried out in the context of collective mass action.

The ever-changing and rapidly developing fashion trends have created a consumer culture among global society, driven by social media and digital marketing. Excessive consumption of clothing not only fulfills personal needs but also becomes an indicator of social status. As a result, the textile industry has experienced rapid growth, contributing significantly to the economy, especially in countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam. However, textile production uses energy sources that are not environmentally friendly, producing greenhouse gas emissions that have negative impacts on the environment, such as global warming and climate change. Indonesia and Vietnam, as one of the developing countries that rely on industry as a profitable sector, act as the largest contributors of emissions in Southeast Asia. Indonesia and Vietnam face major challenges in reducing environmental impacts while maintaining economic growth. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are an important priority for long-term sustainability. The implementation of clear, firm and targeted regulations plays an important role in enforcing rules that can protect the environment from perpetrators of destruction by the industrial sector.

In general, attacks on hospitals are prohibited under international humanitarian law (IHL), which aims to protect the life and health of civilians during armed conflicts. However, in certain circumstances, hospitals may lose their protection and thus become legitimate targets in warfare if they are considered to be involved in military activities or supporting the parties to the conflict. This brings into question the application of the principle of proportionality, which is an essential element of IHL. The principle of proportionality seeks to balance military necessity with the protection of civilians, requiring that the harm caused by military operations should not be disproportionate to the military advantage sought. This principle demands that military operations be conducted carefully to minimize harm to civilians and civilian objects, including hospitals. However, its application raises significant ethical questions regarding the moral justification of such actions, especially when hospitals are targeted in attacks. One prominent example that raises ethical concerns about this justification is the destruction of Al-Shifa Hospital in Northern Gaza. The hospital was destroyed in an airstrike during the conflict, causing severe harm to the civilian population that relied on this facility. While the principle of proportionality is designed to limit damage, attacks on hospitals such as Al-Shifa raise questions about whether the actions taken were truly consistent with this principle, particularly when the military gain achieved does not seem to outweigh the damage caused to human life and vital infrastructure. This article aims to explore the conventional moral justification of the principle of proportionality in international humanitarian law and evaluate its application in the case of Al-Shifa Hospital, challenging the boundaries of the principle in practice.

The Law on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) by the Indonesian House of Representatives on February 4, 2025 has been ratified, and then signed by President Prabowo Subianto on February 24, 2025, destroying the concept of who the state administrators are as regulated in Law Number 28 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of a Clean State Free from Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism.Law No. 1 of 2025 concerning BUMN, places the directors, commissioners, and supervisors of the state-owned company not as state administrators. This means that the Corruption Eradication Commission or KPK can no longer handle law enforcement in BUMN if corruption occurs, except for the Police, Prosecutor's Office and BPK (supervision), as stated in Article 3X of Law No. 1 of 2025, which states that: "The Agency's organs and employees are not state administrators. It is emphasized again in Article 9G: Members of the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, and Supervisory Board of BUMN are not state administrators". Meanwhile, financial supervision is still carried out by the Audit Board as stated in Article 3K: Audit of the management and financial responsibility of the Agency is carried out by the Audit Board. Although in the KPK Law, it is stated in Article 11 paragraph (1) that: "In carrying out the duties as referred to in Article 6 letter e, the Corruption Eradication Commission has the authority to conduct investigations, inquiries, and prosecutions against Corruption Crimes that: a. involve law enforcement officers, State Administrators, and other people related to Corruption Crimes committed by law enforcement officers or State Administrators; and/or b. involve state losses of at least IDR 1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah)".Therefore, the Law Order, the KPK must submit and obey to carry it out, because the Law (UU) functions as a basic or principal rule for organizing the state, regulating society, a tool to limit power, and as a means of social renewal. The Law also functions to regulate life in society, the nation, and the state and is expected to be able to resolve various problems that exist in society.In fact, the impact of corruption in BUMN is no joke. The destruction of economic growth, state and community income can be disrupted which results in direct state losses, but leads to the potential for increasing poverty and the loss of the government's safety net in the form of declining quality of public services and investor confidence in Indonesia, etc.

This study examines the history of mangrove conservation in Cemara Beach, Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency, from the 1980s to 2020. The main focus lies on the dynamics of changes in coastal ecosystems due to land conversion into shrimp ponds, as well as the response of the community and government to the destruction of mangrove forests that occurs. The 1980s period became a crucial phase when intensive pond investment began to flourish which had an impact on environmental degradation, especially the loss of most of the natural mangrove vegetation in the region. These changes not only affect the balance of ecosystems, but also impact the livelihoods of coastal communities that depend on the sustainability of natural resources. Since the early 2000s, various conservation initiatives have emerged spearheaded by coastal community groups, students, NGOs, as well as support from government agencies. These conservation efforts are participatory and community-based, reflecting the increased ecological awareness of local communities. This study uses oral history methods and literature studies to reconstruct conservation narratives from the perspectives of local actors directly involved in the process. The results of the study show that the success of mangrove conservation in Cemara Beach is highly dependent on synergy between various actors, ranging from local communities, academics, to government agencies. Policies that support the protection of coastal areas are also an important factor in creating a participatory space for environmental rehabilitation efforts. This conservation history shows the socio-ecological transformation of the coastal communities of Muncar, from an exploitation orientation to a recovery model based on local wisdom. Furthermore, mangrove conservation in Cemara Beach is also the foundation in the development of environment-based ecotourism as well as an example of sustainable natural resource management practices on the southern coast of Banyuwangi.

Illegal logging is a form of environmental crime that has a serious impact on forest destruction, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of ecosystem balance. This study aims to analyze law enforcement efforts against illegal logging practices in the Kwala Serapuh Village Forest area. The method used in this study is an empirical juridical approach with data collection through interviews, field observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that despite the existence of regulations governing forest protection, law enforcement still faces various obstacles such as weak supervision, limited resources of law enforcement officials, and the involvement of individuals in these illegal practices. Efforts made include taking action against perpetrators, increasing patrols, and empowering communities around the forest. However, the effectiveness of law enforcement still needs to be improved through inter-institutional synergy, strengthening the capacity of the apparatus, and increasing community participation. This study concludes that law enforcement against illegal logging in the Kwala Serapuh Village Forest is still not optimal and requires a more comprehensive approach.

Empowerment can be interpreted as an effort to increase the ability of the community to participate, negotiate, influence and control the institutions of their community on a large scale for the sake of improving their lives. Describe the impact of empowerment of the Bosar Bayu Farmer group in improving community welfare. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative research type with a descriptive approach. Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the research subject, for example behavior, perception, motivation, actions, and others holistically and by means of description in the form of words and language. The reason for choosing the type of qualitative research with a descriptive method is because the process of formulating the problem carried out in the study was carried out comprehensively, broadly, and in depth in discussing the phenomena that occurred in the field. Then the data obtained from farmers in the form of information both verbally and in writing that describes the situation directly in the field, so that it is able to describe what happened at the research location in more detail, and try to obtain and reveal data on the impact of empowerment of the Maju Horas farmer group in improving community welfare in Bosar Bayu village. Building Farmers' Knowledge and Skills, Increasing agricultural production, Increasing the standard of living and equalizing income levels, As a means of cooperation between group members. Based on the results of the research that has been discussed regarding the empowerment of the Maju Horas farmer group in improving the welfare of the community in Bosar Bayu Village, it can be concluded that empowerment is an effort to make the community independent. Keywords: Jeremiah 22:10-12, Disobedience, Exile, Leadership, Obedience to God, God's Judgment, King Shallum (Jehoahaz), Spiritual Destruction, Divine Justice, Social Suffering, Promised Land, Consequences of Disobedience, Hermeneutics, Judah's Kings, Spiritual and Political: Consequences.

The legend of Situ Bagendit is one of the Indonesian folktales that is full of moral and cultural values. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the legend, including themes, characters and characters, plot, setting, point of view, mandate, and symbolism. Using a literary analysis approach, this study reveals how these elements work together to convey a strong moral message. The results of the analysis show that the main theme in the Situ Bagendit Legend is greed and its destructive impact. Nyi Endit, as the main character, represents bad behavior that leads to destruction, while beggars play a role as a symbol of justice and wisdom. The linear storyline and setting where Situ Bagendit reinforces the moral message it contains, namely the importance of sharing, staying away from greed, and living in harmony with others and nature. The message in this story remains relevant in the modern era, making it an effective learning medium to instill social and cultural values. Strong symbolism, such as a beggar's wand and overflowing water, adds depth to the story, giving it a broader dimension to its moral meaning. This study concluded that  the Situ Bagendit Legend not only functions as a traditional entertainment, but also as an important cultural heritage to be preserved. Through the analysis of intrinsic elements, this legend can be appreciated as a reflection of noble values that are relevant to the life of today's society.

This study aims to find out and analyze the criminal liability of corporations in Kupang City in supporting the implementation of Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning the Management of Coasts and Small Islands. This research is an empirical judicial research supported by an empirical and normative approach that uses primary data and secondary data collected using interview techniques and literature studies and then processed using editing and coding techniques and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this study show that (1) Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands has an important role in regulating the protection and utilization of coastal areas. However, the application of this law in criminal enforcement against the perpetrators of coastal ecosystem destruction still faces various obstacles (2) The legal arrangements in this Law aim to protect, manage, and utilize coastal areas in a sustainable manner. Law Number 27 of 2007 provides a legal basis for the planning, protection, and utilization of coastal ecosystems and involves community participation in the management of natural resources.

Violations of quarantine regulations in Batam City continue to occur to this day. Despite the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine, which replaced Law No. 16 of 1992 on the same subject and introduced stricter criminal sanctions for violations, there has still not been a deterrent effect on those bringing prohibited items without meeting quarantine requirements. This research addresses how the authority and implementation of quarantine investigators' powers are regulated in handling cases of animal entry that have bypassed the designated import and export points in Batam City, what obstacles or challenges quarantine investigators face, and the solutions at the Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Office of the Riau Archipelago at the Hang Nadim and Telaga Punggur Service Units. The research method combines normative legal research with empirical sociological approaches, utilizing both inductive and deductive methods to analyze and clarify the relationship between research variables and the research object. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive understanding that benefits readers, particularly future researchers and academics. The findings reveal ongoing uncertainty among quarantine investigators in enforcing quarantine regulations in Batam City. This issue arises from differing interpretations of Law No. 21 of 2019 among quarantine officers and the shortage of human resources, which affects investigators' focus on legal enforcement actions, including criminal sanctions. In Batam City, the resolution of quarantine regulation violations prioritizes the philosophy of "ultimum remedium" where punishment is seen as a last resort. Administrative sanctions for quarantine violations include quarantine detention, rejection, and/or destruction of the violating items.

Sustainable development is a development paradigm that is directly related to the balance of nature or the environment, just as the paradigm of sustainable development is a concept that is accepted as a political agenda of development for all countries in the world where the relationship between economy and ecology is important in the discussion of sustainable development itself. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs The concept of sustainable development is a necessity to reconcile economic development, quality of life, and the environment in a diverse political framework that is interrelated at the international and global levels. Thus, it can be concluded that the meaning of sustainable development cannot be separated from environmental sustainability. A sustainable environment is expected to support human life. Sustainabledevelopment that is environmentally sound is able to improve the quality of life of present and future generations. Therefore, it is necessary to review the concept of local wisdom that exists in legislation and other Regulations that hierarchically exist under it to close loopholes and fence in such a way that the claims of local wisdom remain sacred and not easily perverted casually by the detractors of commercial economic interests for a moment. On the other hand, it is necessary to be aware of political elites and stakeholders to avoid intervention and political content of decisions taken by the government in intervening in cases of environmental damage under the pretext  of natural  disasters which are part of the bad side of law enforcement for environmental destruction, especially in the application of Strict Liability without having to prove a mistake.

The aim of this article is to analyze the importance of preventing promiscuous sexual behavior among street children through sex education as well as analyzing legal protection rights for street children who have the same rights as the successors of the younger generation in the future. The author focuses on street children in the Bekasi City area. This research was carried out using qualitative methods and data collection was carried out using empirical and juridical approaches. The author merges into the environment of a group of street children without being contaminated by their interactions. The data collected includes several data, namely 1) factors that cause the emergence of street children, 2) the impact of not introducing sex education to street children and 3) legal protection that should protect street children from the negative impacts that could occur due to free sex. Data is measured through observations in their environment and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that it is very important to teach and instill sex eduction in street children, because otherwise it will have negative impacts such as free sex, various crimes and the destruction of the future of the prospective young generation in the future. The results of the research conclude that sex education is very important and legal protection to protect and efforts to improve the behavior and lives of street children really need to be carried out and given attention in order to save the future of this country.

Forest areas are open natural resources that have potential and an important role in supporting human needs. However, as time goes by, natural resources in the forestry sector are starting to decline due to the large number of business entities or corporations carrying out illegal logging activities. If this is allowed to continue continuously, damage to Indonesia's forests will increase and will have a major impact on the economy due to decreased state income. The research method used in this research is a normative legal method which examines Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction and other laws as research material by taking a statutory approach (Statute Approach) obtained from literature studies ( Library Research). This research aims to determine the impact of illegal logging carried out by corporations and to determine criminal legal sanctions for illegal logging carried out by corporations based on Law number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Damage. From the problem formulations above, it can be concluded that corporate crime resulting from illegal logging activities is a major crime and is very dangerous and threatens the lives of humans, animals and plants.    

The development of modern society in the process of globalization and industrialization has had a huge impact on forest sustainability as a support for life and in the world's biological life. The existence of forests is of course very much needed considering that forests are not only a source of wood production but are also an integral part of the environment, forests are open areas that make people's access to use them very large which causes logging and timber theft. In order for this to happen more often, this problem must be addressed immediately for the sake of the preservation of forest ecosystems in Indonesia. This journal writing uses normative research methods, normative methods are used with a statutory approach and use reference materials from book sources or other scientific research. As for the results of this study, the regulation of illegal logging is contained in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry in Article 50 which regulates prohibitions for anyone who carries out activities in the form of logging, Article 50 also discusses the prohibition of carrying out forest destruction activities. and confiscation of forest resources in violation of laws and regulations or without permission from interested parties, namely forestry officials.

Records management processes that are not carried out according to procedures will result in the administration process within the company not being optimal. Therefore, the management of active and inactive records must be considered carefully. Management of inactive records must be carried out according to procedures which include storage, maintenance and destruction. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, namely by formulating problems that guide research to explore or photograph the social situation that will be researched thoroughly, broadly and in depth. The data sources in this research use primary and secondary sources obtained from observations, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained through books, previous research, and journal articles related to the research. This research aims to find out how the inactive records management system at PT. Prima Mitra Elektrindo. The results of this research indicate that the records management system is inactive at PT. Prima Mitra Elektrindo is quite good even though there are several things that need attention in the inactive records management system, the process of destroying inactive records, and the process of maintaining inactive records. Such as infrastructure that supports management and following guidelines in the management process.

The problems that exist in the Pekalongan Regency Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports Office (Disporapar) on the one hand are problems in the organisational structure, especially in charge of Tourism, which has no sub-fields, even though the workload is very high. Another problem is that many tasks in the tourism sector have not been handled properly, such as the implementation of the licensing process and public services in the tourism sector, the implementation of qualifications and administration of tourism services, coordination and formulation of standards, norms and tourism promotion, and facilitation of tourism product development and the tourism business world and the creative economy in the tourism sector. On the other hand, it is a heavy responsibility for Disporapar to coordinate, communicate and socialise due to the low participation of the community to become "people aware of tourism".The purpose of the study was to analyse efforts to develop institutional capacity in public services in the field of tourism in Disporapar Pekalongan Regency. Analyse the factors that hinder and support capacity development efforts in public services in the field of tourism in Disporapar Pekalongan Regency. The data used are primary and secondary data. With data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques through four stages that must be passed, namely information collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.Based on the results of the analysis of the above research, the conclusion is that first, the development of institutional capacity in coordinating public services in the tourism sector at the Pekalongan Regency Disporapar is not yet sufficient internally, such as budget improvement, improvement of organizational structure, recruitment of human resources apparatus, and provision of infrastructure facilities. Second, externally, there has been no development and improvement of tourism objects that are adequate for the consumption of local and foreign tourists in Pekalongan Regency. Thirdly, there is a lack of participation and awareness of the people to form "Rakyat Sadar Wisata" groups, but more people are not aware of tourism, so there is still "robbery" and destruction of tourist attraction facilities, illegal parking in tourist attraction areas, inadequate number and condition of tourist attraction facilities, and a lack of investors. However, there is a relief in the support from the Provincial and Central Governments as well as the availability of large areas of coastal, inland and mountainous land in Pekalongan Regency and the many potential natural resources in Pekalongan Regency that have not been utilised. However, there is a relief that there is support from the provincial and central governments as well as the availability of large areas of coastal, inland and mountainous land in Pekalongan Regency and there are still many potential natural resources in Pekalongan Regency that have not been utilised to create new tourism objects.  

Pros and cons about the position and jurisdiction of military courts still often occur in legal discourse in Indonesia. On the one hand, there is a group that states that the military court is only authorized to try military crimes and is not authorized to try general crimes committed by TNI soldiers, but another group states that the military court still has the authority to try both general crimes and military crimes. This article will photograph the discourse that has existed so far. This article will also explain the Position and Jurisdiction of the Military Court in Indonesia after being under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the impact of the submission of TNI soldiers to the General Court on military principles. The method used was an in-depth interview with a number of sources, especially to see the growing opinion if TNI soldiers were tried in the general court. The conclusion of this article is that psychologically and culturally, TNI soldiers are not appropriate to be tried in the general court. Thus, the issue of subjugating TNI soldiers to the general court is not only juridical but also psychological and cultural. In addition, if TNI Soldiers are subject to the general judiciary, it will result in the destruction of military joints or principles that are the backbone of law enforcement and discipline of Soldiers.