Publication Search

This study compares the scalability and maintainability of three prominent programming paradigms-functional programming (FP), object-oriented programming (OOP), and declarative programming (DP)-in the context of distributed data processing systems. The research aims to evaluate how each paradigm performs under increased data volume and its ability to handle complex operations, while also assessing the ease of maintenance through code readability, modularity, and the flexibility of updating and debugging. The study employs a comparative experimental design, implementing identical data processing tasks, such as data aggregation, filtering, and transformation, across each paradigm. Key findings indicate that FP and DP outperform OOP in terms of scalability, with their stateless nature and high-level abstractions enabling efficient parallel processing and task distribution. FP, with its emphasis on immutability and concurrency, and DP, with its focus on describing desired outcomes rather than implementation specifics, both demonstrate superior performance in handling large datasets. However, while OOP excels in modularity and flexibility, its reliance on mutable state and shared resources hampers its scalability in distributed environments. In terms of maintainability, both FP and DP offer clearer, more maintainable code due to their abstraction levels, making them easier to update and extend. OOP, while modular, presents challenges in managing mutable state, complicating maintenance. This paper concludes with practical recommendations for developers on when to use each paradigm based on system requirements and suggests areas for future research, such as hybrid paradigms and long-term maintainability studies in real-world applications.

This study aims to explore the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures for immigration services at TPI Tanjung Priok Port and examine its impact on service effectiveness in Indonesia's maritime sector. The research employed a qualitative approach to analyse the gap between formal SOP guidelines and on-the-ground practices, examining internal and external factors, including resource limitations, technological constraints, and inter-agency coordination issues. The findings reveal significant disparities that lead to both positive and negative discretion amongst frontline Immigration officers, influencing service consistency, efficiency, and transparency. Negative discretion results in procedural deviations that compromise reliability and potentially foster corruption, delays, and inefficiencies. In contrast, positive discretion emerges as adaptive responses indicating weaknesses in SOP design or infrastructure. The study concludes that enhancing frontline officers' competence, motivation, and accountability is essential for achieving desired outcomes, whilst integrating technological solutions such as digital documentation and real-time monitoring is vital for streamlined, transparent, and accountable procedures. Improving SOP adherence, coupled with better resource allocation and inter-institutional cooperation, can significantly reduce vessel turnaround times, lower logistics costs, and bolster maritime competitiveness. The research advocates for dedicated training programmes, supervisory systems, and technological innovations to ensure SOP compliance, minimise discretion-driven deviations, and promote accountability, thereby optimising maritime service delivery and supporting Indonesia's strategic maritime development objectives.

This study aims to reveal the impact of coordination on program effectiveness, focusing on Pattirolokka Village, Keera District, Wajo Regency. Effective coordination among relevant parties at the village level is a key factor in determining the success of rural development program implementation. To achieve this goal, data was collected through direct observation, the distribution of questionnaires, and gathering supporting data in the form of official documents. The results show that coordination has a positive and significant impact on program effectiveness in Pattirolokka Village. Good coordination between the village government, the community, and related institutions facilitates the implementation process and achieves the desired outcomes. Overall, the study indicates that coordination in this village is categorized as fairly good, which contributes to the effectiveness of the program, also categorized as fairly good. The success of this coordination is marked by an increase in community participation in various development activities and more optimal management of village resources. However, some aspects of coordination still need improvement, such as communication between the village government and the community, as well as evaluation of program implementation. Therefore, strengthening coordination between the village government and the community is crucial to improving the effectiveness of rural development programs, which will ultimately contribute to enhancing the welfare of the community in Wajo Regency. This study recommends that the relevant parties continue to improve coordination and communication mechanisms to achieve better results in the implementation of village development programs.

Poverty among foreign nationals is an increasingly pressing global issue that is often overlooked in public policy. This study examines government policies designed to address poverty among migrants and refugees and their impact on their economic well-being. The main focus of the study is to highlight the effectiveness of different policy approaches that have been implemented in different countries and identify best practices that can be adapted to different national contexts. Through an analysis of existing policies in several countries, including Germany and Canada, and relevant case studies, the study finds that approaches based on social and economic integration, employment, and direct assistance can play a significant role in reducing poverty among foreign nationals. The results show that policies that involve collaboration between governments, non-governmental organizations, and local communities are often more effective in achieving the desired outcomes. This study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for future development policies that are more inclusive and effective. In doing so, it is hoped that this study will contribute to improving the economic well-being of foreign nationals and assist governments in designing policies that are more responsive to the needs of this group.

To win competition in business world, all businessman must have selling method effective efficiently in order to get right target and low east, to reach the target, the company should have same index parameter. To measure quality of service that be given to customer, many company try to implement service excellence, but fail, meanwhile the company is given out cost, time, power no so a little to do some training for his employees, what problem ?, actually, just giving training is not one solution because, familiarization, and manner to save customer is not so enough will be paradigm and skill for front line to save the customer, but seriously, high commitment at each of organization especially top management service excellence must be implemented in structural oriented at each of company.