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Low levels of political literacy and political participation awareness among female university students remain a challenge for strengthening democracy at the local level. This condition is also found among female students in East Lombok, who tend to perceive political participation narrowly and lack the skills and confidence to engage actively as citizens. This community service program aims to enhance political literacy, participatory awareness, and the capacity of female students to understand and practice political participation in a critical and responsible manner. The program was implemented at the Institut Teknologi Sosial dan Kesehatan Muhammadiyah Selong using a community organizing approach integrated into the academic learning process. The methods included participatory discussions, mentoring, simulations, and critical reflection, positioning female students as active subjects throughout the activities. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of the meaning and forms of political participation, increased confidence in expressing opinions, and the emergence of new awareness regarding their roles as democratic citizens. In addition, a female student discussion group was formed as a space for collective learning and an early platform for local leadership. This program highlights the role of higher education institutions in promoting social transformation and strengthening women’s political participation at the local level.

This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the Information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID) of the General Elections Commission (KPU) of Palangka Raya City in supporting the strengthening of democracy and public participation at the local level. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design through documentary studies on regulations, internal policies of KPU, PPID service reports, and public information request data, enriched with observations of the information service mechanisms both offline and online. The results show that, normatively and structurally, the PPID of Palangka Raya City KPU has carried out its functions in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 14 of 2008 and KPU Regulation No. 22 of 2023. The information service procedures, response time limits, and the use of the E-PPID system reflect the institutional commitment to the principle of transparency. However, the level of utilization of public information services is still relatively low and dominated by the academic community, particularly students. Additionally, there have been no recorded requests for information from disabled groups, despite the provision of disability-friendly facilities. These findings indicate a gap between administrative information openness and substantive public participation. This study concludes that strengthening the role of PPID in the future should be directed toward public communication strategies, political education, and inclusive approaches so that information openness does not stop at regulatory compliance but can make a tangible contribution to the consolidation of a participatory and just local democracy.

A clear national insight can guarantee the achievement of national interests, both internally and externally. This means that national insight provides a clear picture and direction for the nation's survival, as well as the future development of the nation and state. The organization of national and state life must proceed on the basis of mutual agreement, namely Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). Indonesia's existence as a state based on the rule of law (rechtstaat) based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution requires the development of Pancasila ideology and national insight as instruments that serve as catalysts or drivers in strengthening national insight and spirit, love of the homeland, democracy, legal awareness, respect for diversity, and participation in building a Pancasila-based nation in Wonogiri, especially among intellectuals. In accordance with its function, the Pancasila Ideology and National Insight Development organizes national, democratic, legal, multicultural and citizenship education to support the realization of citizens who are aware of their rights and obligations, as well as intelligent, skilled and have character so that they can be relied upon to build the nation and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

This This article aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s (SBY) leadership practices during his presidency (2004–2014), highlighting how his character, leadership style, policy implementation, and responses to the nation’s various challenges influenced the direction of Indonesia’s national development. The research employs a descriptive qualitative case study method by analyzing literature sources, government documents, state policies, and relevant academic studies. The findings show that SBY’s leadership was characterized by a democratic-participatory model with a charismatic touch, guiding Indonesia through critical periods such as major natural disasters, global economic changes, and challenges in consolidating democracy. The use of soft diplomacy, political consensus, and transparent governance became hallmarks of the SBY era, accompanied by bureaucratic reform efforts, social innovation, and community involvement in policy-making. This article also discusses the major achievements of SBY’s administration, responses to criticism, and the leadership legacy as a model for future national leaders.

Indonesia is a democratic country. Democracy provides freedom of space to express opinions, suggestions, and criticisms regarding the state. This study examines the neutrality of Apartur Sipil Negara (ASN) as a pillar of public ethics in the era of Indonesian democracy using the perspective of Good Governance theory. According to the World Bank (1992), good governance has four main principles, namely accountability, transparency, rule of law, and participation. However, democracy in Indonesia still faces various challenges that require serious attention. Political education, monitoring of democratic violations, and strengthening democratic institutions must be priorities to ensure democracy can run well. This study uses a literature study method by reviewing academic literature, regulations, and previous research. The results of the study indicate that the neutrality of ASN is the foundation of public administration ethics and an integral part of good governance. However, its implementation faces challenges in the form of patrimonial culture, political intervention, weak supervision, and inconsistent sanctions. Strengthening regulations, internalization of public ethics, and political commitment are needed to ensure the neutrality of ASN is truly maintained as the ideal of Weberian bureaucracy. Violations of the neutrality of Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) in Indonesia remain a serious and recurring problem, especially in the lead-up to electoral political momentum. KASN data from 2020–2024 shows that the number of cases of violations of ASN neutrality tends to increase in election years, illustrating the weak internalization and implementation of Good Governance principles according to the World Bank (1992). Regarding accountability, many ASN are still involved in practical political activities that prevent them from being neutral. Transparency, oversight, and enforcement of sanctions are still not optimal because information on violations is not fully disclosed. Regarding the rule of law, handling of ASN violations is still weak, resulting in a lack of deterrent effect. Regarding participation, the public is affected by ASN partisanship, which has the potential to create political pressure that ultimately undermines the quality of democratic freedom.

Since the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) at the end of 2015, all economic actors—including SMEs and microenterprises—are expected to improve and adapt in order to enhance the quality of both goods and services. Failure to do so may result in Indonesia becoming a "soft target" market for other ASEAN countries, given its status as the most populous country in the region with over 270 million people. SMEs and microenterprises, which represent the embodiment of people-based economic democracy, would be particularly vulnerable if goods and services from various ASEAN countries continue to flood the Indonesian market. Recognizing this situation, empowering SMEs and microenterprises is not only necessary but inevitable to help the nation discover its identity through the development of comparative and competitive advantages. This activity began by identifying existing problems, followed by determining suitable solutions. The method used involves training and mentoring.The outcome of this initiative is the improved capability of the traditional cake microenterprise to optimize its sales by using locally sourced raw materials. As a result, the "Puji Lestari" Traditional Cake Microenterprise has successfully enhanced its production capacity and business management.Financial reporting is also a crucial aspect of business development. A well-maintained financial report reflects the progress of the business, particularly through the net profits it generates. These outcomes serve as indicators of increased empowerment and the strengthening of the enterprise.

This paper aims to explore the charismatic leadership model of Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) from the perspective of Pancasila Education, with an emphasis on the internalization of human values, tolerance, and democracy embedded in the national and cultural praxis. Using a approach based on literature study, this article shows how Gus Dur became a transformative leader who consistently realized the second, third, and fourth principles of Pancasila. His leadership not only defended the nation's plurality but also created interreligious dialogue spaces and protected minority groups as concrete manifestations of humanity and tolerance values. Furthermore, the deliberative democracy he pioneered remains a significant legacy for political education and national character development.

The study looked into how Nigeria's democratic system's economic growth was impacted by the cost of governance. The cost of governance factors is divided into general GDP was the dependent variable and a stand-in for economic growth, while administration, defense, internal security, and national assembly were the explanatory variables. The study examined Nigeria's fourth republic's civil rule from 2019 to 2024. Ordinary Least Square regression and diagnostic tests were performed. The findings indicate that while internal security (-106.17 ISEC) has a negative impact on GDP, general administration (8.67 GA), defense (169.99 DEF), and national assembly (496.50 NAS) have favorable effects. According to the hypotheses' summary, (1) the federal government's expenditure on general administrations has no discernible positive impact on Nigeria's economic growth; (2) the federal government's expenditure on defense has a discernible positive impact on Nigeria's economic growth; and (3) the federal government's expenditure on internal Nigeria's economic growth is significantly impacted negatively by security, whereas the country's economic growth is significantly impacted positively by the federal government's national assembly costs. The research suggested, among other things, that the funds allocated to internal security be examined and that cost-benefit studies be performed on the parastatals that receive the funds.

The declaration by President Muhammadu Buhari that he is willing to reduce the rising expenses of managing public affairs is a major surprise. Newspapers everywhere have stated that he will face the confront the problem head-on by reforming numerous government agencies, merging others, and dismantling others. We are still figuring out the specifics. The only information that has been made public thus far is that the plan's first casualties will be the Universal Tertiary Matriculation Examination, the National Examinations Council, and the National Poverty Eradication Programme. It is evident from the announced strategy that the president and his officials either do not understand the seriousness of the issue or are once again manipulating a terrible sickness that is plaguing the nation. In what way would eliminating NECO and instructing WAEC to take on the personnel reduce costs? Or how would renaming NAPP contribute to improving governance value? How does he make sure that each and every Kobo that goes into counted national treasuries? What steps is he taking to guarantee that public policy is geared toward reducing people's suffering? The cost of governance during Jonathan's administration is examined in this study. It examines the cost of government from a thematic perspective, emphasizing its main points with specific examples. According to the paper's conclusion, the so-called clause of "senior ministers and junior or ministers of state" has led to the current unhealthy rivalry and widespread bitterness, but it has also resulted in needless waste of public funds in the payment of entitlements due to over-bloated administrative costs.  

This article aims to discuss the challenges of democracy in the digital era. Pancasila democracy is defined as a democratic system based on the values contained in Pancasila, using law to govern a democratic state. The legal regulations established to govern the state must align with the goals and worldview of the nation so that an effective and contextually appropriate democratic system can be properly implemented. The method used in this research is qualitative research with a case study approach, examining various sources such as scholarly journals, books, and articles related to the challenges of Pancasila democracy in the digital era. The research findings indicate that Pancasila democracy faces challenges in the digital era, and solutions are necessary to address these challenges. This article also discusses the role of education in strengthening Pancasila democracy in the digital era.

Community service activities with a focus on preventing the practice of money politics among South Kelayan community leaders. Money politics often undermines the integrity of elections and democracy, especially at the local level. In this context, we carry out a series of educational and outreach activities for community leaders to increase their understanding of the negative impacts of money politics and strategies for preventing it. The approach used involves seminars and discussions involving community leaders, youth and political party cadres. The results of this program show increased knowledge and commitment of community leaders in rejecting money politics and playing an active role in promoting clean and fair elections. During program implementation and provide recommendations for more effective money politics prevention efforts in the future. It is hoped that this experience can become a model for other regions facing similar problems, as well as contribute to strengthening local democracy and the integrity of general elections in Indonesia.

Modern business, whether in trade of goods or services, is experiencing rapid growth that contributes to the global economy. However, globalization and technological advancements have brought challenges in communication and conflict resolution, especially in cross-cultural negotiations. This research aims to investigate communication barriers and conflict resolution strategies in the context of multicultural business negotiations, focusing on factors influencing intercultural communication and effective approaches to conflict resolution. A literature review approach is employed in this study. Data is collected from  various related literature, including books, scientific journals, and articles discussing communication barriers and conflict resolution in business from 2015 to 2024. The data is critically analyzed to identify the relationship between communication barriers and conflict resolution in business negotiations. The research results indicate that language differences, communication styles, social norms, business ethics, and perceptions of time are major barriers in intercultural communication that can disrupt business negotiations. These barriers often lead to misunderstandings and conflicts that can damage business relationships. Additionally, interest-based approaches and Pancasila-based deliberation are identified as effective conflict resolution strategies, emphasizing the values of democracy, kinship, and mutual cooperation.

The definition of Social Sciences (IPS) in Indonesia refers to the integrative study of human life in various dimensions of space and time and its activities. In the education sector, social studies refers to knowledge about the relationship between humans and their social environment. Character education, on the other hand, refers to a system of instilling character values ​​that includes the components of knowledge, awareness, and action to apply these values ​​in various contexts. The importance of character education in developing responsible, caring and empathetic individuals is emphasized in the culture and social environment concerned. The importance of integrated social studies includes several in-depth aspects, including a holistic understanding of the relationship between social science disciplines, development of critical and analytical thinking skills, development of social and emotional skills, and a broader understanding of human values, justice and democracy. Through various learning methods such as introduction to material, project-based learning, group discussions, case studies, simulations, and field visits, students can get to know integrated social studies well. After studying integrated social studies, students can show improvements in characteristics such as courtesy and responsibility. Through integrated social studies learning, students learn to respect cultural differences and be tolerant towards other people.

The aim of this research is to determine the status of the implementation of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) and Trade Law Number 21 of 2019 in the implementation of commercial transportation for oil and gas export activities in Indonesia based on national values. This research was carried out using analyzes the contents of the 1945 Constitution and Minister of Trade Regulations. A review of relevant literature is included. The national values ​​contained in the 1945 Constitution are an important basis for implementing commercial transportation policies, especially in Indonesia's oil and gas export activities. National values ​​such as unity, sovereignty, justice, democracy and people's welfare are the basis for regulating and supervising these commercial activities. Minister of Trade Regulation Number 21 of 2019 also plays an important role in regulating the transportation of Indonesia's oil and gas export trade. This law contains provisions regarding permits, authorization and safety standards that must be complied with by economic actors in carrying out export activities. The enactment of this law aims to protect national interests, protect the environment, and ensure the safety of oil and gas trade and transportation. This research discusses the analysis of the implementation of the 1945 Constitution and the Minister of Trade Law no. 21 of 2019 which is based on national values ​​in the implementation of commercial transportation for oil and gas export activities in Indonesia. (This analysis includes a review of the policies, procedures and practices implemented in oil and gas export activities. The results of this research are expected to provide a better understanding of the importance of practices based on national values ​​in the implementation of commercial transportation, especially oil and gas export activities, in Indonesia. It is hoped that the implications of this research can become the basis for improving trade policies and practices that are more sustainable, safe, and prioritize national interests and human welfare.    

The era of digitalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in security management. The wider application of digital technology requires an adaptive and innovative security approach to deal with evolving threats. In the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), the implementation of national values in digital security management is very important. These values include unity, integrity, justice, democracy and diversity, which are the foundations of NKRI. This research aims to analyze the importance of security management in the digitalization era based on the NKRI's national values.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with a literature study approach and document analysis related to digital security policies in Indonesia. The analysis focused on how NKRI national values are implemented in security management strategies and practices to face digital security challenges. The results show that the integration of national values in digital security management plays an important role in strengthening national resilience in the digital space. The implementation of national values helps in building a digital security system that is not only technically robust, but also responsive to Indonesia's social and cultural dynamics. This includes the development of inclusive cybersecurity policies, digital security education for diverse communities, and strengthening collaboration between sectors to strengthen the national digital security ecosystem.

The 2024 General Election (Pemilu) is a crucial stage in the dynamics of democracy, where the role of political communication plays a central role in shaping public opinion. This phenomenon creates a need to understand in depth the influence of political communication on public perceptions of candidates, political parties, and crucial issues that influence the direction of state policy. This research aims to analyze the role of political communication in shaping public opinion ahead of the 2024 elections. The main focus is understanding how political communication strategies, including message personalization, social media, and investigative journalism, influence the formation of public opinion and voter participation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected through literature reviews, media content analysis, and interviews with political communication experts. A qualitative approach is used to deepen understanding of the complexity of political communication strategies and their impact on public opinion. The research results show that political communication strategies, especially message personalization, have a significant impact in shaping public opinion. Candidates who are able to connect emotionally with voters through personal life stories and values ​​build strong identification. Social media plays an important role in expanding the reach of political messages, while investigative journalism makes a major contribution in uncovering basic facts and maintaining the integrity of information.

The aim of this research is to describe and determine the social values ​​contained in the short story collection Surat untuk Bapak by Nidhom Khoeron. This research uses two approaches, namely a qualitative descriptive approach and literary sociology. The data collection technique used in this research is listening and taking notes. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative. This research data presentation technique uses informal techniques. The results of the research show that there is social value in the short story collection Surat untuk Bapak by Nidhom Khoeron. There are three types of social values, namely compassion, responsibility and harmony of life. The first is the form of the Social Value of Love which includes Devotion, Help, Caring, Kinship and Loyalty. The two forms of Social Responsibility Values ​​include the values ​​of a sense of belonging, Discipline and Empathy. The three forms of social values ​​are harmony of life which include justice, tolerance and cooperation, democracy.

The direct election of a regional head will produce a regional head and deputy regional head who are qualified, competent and have integrity, according to democratic ideals and the will of the people. In comparison with the pattern of electing regional heads through the election of the Regional People's Representative Council, the pattern of electing regional heads directly requires a lot of funds, the regional government must prepare as well as competing candidates as participants. This study examines the Formation of Reserve Funds for the 2024 Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in Pekalongan Regency, using a qualitative method. The author finds that the Regional Regulation concerning the Establishment of Reserve Funds for the 2024 Concurrent Regional Head Elections is urgently needed, because the costs of holding Regional Head Elections are quite large and need to be budgeted for more than one fiscal year, a Reserve Fund is needed, the budgeting of which is allocated for two years.

The purpose of this study is to examine specifically related to the governance and accountability of cooperatives that have been carried out in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative design, with a population of 125 journals and through purposive sampling, a sample of 35 journals was obtained. The results of the journal review can be concluded: (1). The trend of research on governance and accountability of cooperatives in Indonesia is mostly done with a qualitative design, obtained the concept: to improve governance can be done through socialization and training on SPI to managers; comply with ethical principles and rules; the accountability aspect must be audited by KAP; the role of government; principles of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. Measurement of the dimensions of democracy, the quality of human resources, transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. Good financial planning, transparency and accountability in financial management, increasing management commitment, knowledge, understanding of the duties and authorities of management regarding business risks and communication. Factors of members, administrators and supervisors as well as honesty and understanding; Sharia good corporate governance requires supervision from the Supervisory Board. Understanding of the important role of cooperatives for improving the community's economy, consistency in preparing financial reports. (2). Based on the quantitative design, it is concluded: cooperative governance and accountability have a positive and significant effect and accountability as a mediating variable on cooperative performance, there is no difference between financial accountability performance before and during the pandemic, cooperative reform has a positive and significant effect on cooperative governance and cooperative governance has no effect on the effectiveness of lending.