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This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance characteristics, financial structure, and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) disclosure in Indonesian non-financial firms. Focusing on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2023, the analysis examines whether board size, the proportion of independent commissioners, and leverage influence the extent of ERM disclosure. Using a quantitative approach, multiple linear regression is applied to secondary data obtained from firms’ annual reports. The findings indicate that board size and the proportion of independent commissioners do not have a significant effect on ERM disclosure, while leverage exhibits a positive and significant relationship. This result suggests that firms with higher debt levels are more inclined to enhance risk disclosure as a mechanism to address information asymmetry and demonstrate accountability to investors and creditors. The study contributes to the ERM and corporate governance literature by providing evidence from an emerging market setting and highlighting the practical importance of financial structure in shaping risk transparency, offering relevant insights for corporate decision-makers and regulators to strengthen sustainable risk management practices.

This study aims to analyze the management of short-term debt and its impact on cash flow smoothness in Toko Madura micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Surabaya City. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research was conducted through in-depth interviews and field observations at Toko Madura Barokah located in Pasar Wonokromo. The results show that short-term debt management is characterized by flexibility and trust-based relationships between store owners and suppliers, with payment terms ranging from 10 to 14 days. Debt management is carried out adaptively according to sales fluctuations and cash flow conditions. The average ratio of short-term debt to monthly cash flow is 17.2%, indicating that the debt level remains within a safe and manageable range. However, the financial recording system remains simple and lacks separation between personal and business finances, which may cause inaccuracies in cash control. Overall, short-term debt management contributes positively to cash flow stability through trust and payment discipline. Nevertheless, improving financial literacy and implementing a more structured accounting system are necessary to support sustainable business growth and better financial decision-making.

This study investigates the determinants of cash holdings in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2018–2022. Cash holdings play a crucial role in ensuring company liquidity and financial flexibility, especially in industries that require large investments such as the energy sector. The study employs secondary data obtained from annual financial reports of the sampled companies, accessed through official company websites and the IDX portal. A quantitative research approach is used with multiple linear regression analysis to test the effect of several independent variables on cash holdings. The variables examined include firm size, leverage, growth opportunity, profitability, net working capital, capital expenditure, and cash flow. The findings reveal that firm size and leverage both have a negative and significant effect on cash holdings, indicating that larger firms and those with higher debt levels tend to maintain lower levels of cash. Net working capital and capital expenditure are also found to negatively affect cash holdings, suggesting that higher investments in working capital and assets reduce the need for holding large cash reserves. Conversely, cash flow demonstrates a positive effect, highlighting that firms with stronger cash inflows are likely to hold more cash. Growth opportunity and profitability show no significant effect on cash holdings.

This study aimed to determine and analyze the influence of financial ratios on profit changes in telecommunications companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. The financial ratios used in this study encompass four main groups: liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios. This study employed a quantitative approach with an associative nature because it attempted to examine the relationship and influence between these financial variables on profit changes. The population in this study comprised all telecommunications companies listed on the IDX, while the sample selection was conducted using a purposive sampling technique with specific criteria, resulting in 15 eligible companies. The research data were then analyzed using panel data regression using EViews 12 software, with the best model selected being the Random Effect Model (REM). The results showed that simultaneously, liquidity, solvency, activity, and profitability ratios significantly influenced profit changes, thus concluding that the company's overall financial performance plays a significant role in determining the dynamics of profit generated. However, partial test results showed that the influence of each ratio was different. The solvency ratio has a significant negative effect on profit changes, indicating that the higher a company's debt level, the greater the risk of profit decline. Conversely, the profitability ratio has a significant positive effect, confirming that a company's ability to generate net profit is a major factor in increasing profit changes. Meanwhile, the liquidity ratio and activity ratio were not shown to have a significant effect on profit changes, indicating that short-term liquidity and operational efficiency are not sufficient to be the primary determinants in driving profit changes in the telecommunications sector.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of company characteristics, including Current Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, and Company Size, on Financial Performance. The population studied consists of companies in the F& B sector listed on the IDX during the period 2020-2024. The sample in this study was selected using the purposive sampling method. Out of the 24 companies listed in the sector, 3 companies were eliminated because they did not meet the established criteria, resulting in a final sample size of 21 companies. To test the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable, the multiple linear regression analysis technique was applied. The research results show that Company Size has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, while the Debt to Asset Ratio has a negative and significant effect on financial performance. On the other hand, the Current Ratio does not show a significant effect on financial performance. However, the Current Ratio does not appear to significantly affect financial performance. While it is a measure of liquidity, the results of this study suggest that liquidity alone does not guarantee profitability or financial success. It is possible that other factors, such as market conditions or management practices, may play a more dominant role in influencing financial performance. Overall, this research emphasizes the need for companies in the F&B sector to carefully manage their debt levels and consider the benefits of growing their company size to improve financial performance. Future studies could explore the role of other factors, such as operational efficiency and market conditions, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of what drives financial success in the industry.

This research investigates the correlation between public debt and several indicators of economic stability in Iraq for the period from 2004 to 2023. It analyzes the development of both internal and external public debt in the Iraqi economy during this period and examines the relationship between public debt (internal and external) and key economic indicators, such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the inflation rate. The study utilizes standard statistical methods to analyze these relationships and provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of public debt on economic stability. The findings highlight a negative and significant impact of the growth rate of public debt on the inflation rate, both in the short term and long term, suggesting an inverse relationship between them. Similarly, the analysis shows a negative and significant effect of public debt growth on the unemployment rate, both in the short and long run, again indicating an inverse relationship. The study further discusses how the Iraqi government’s growing dependence on public debt, particularly external debt, can have an impact on the nation's economic policies. These results emphasize the complex dynamics between public debt and economic stability in Iraq, demonstrating how changes in debt levels can influence inflation and unemployment rates. The research underscores the need for effective debt management strategies to maintain economic stability and promote sustainable growth. Additionally, the findings suggest that public debt, if not managed carefully, can undermine key economic indicators and hinder the long-term stability of the economy, making it crucial for policymakers to consider the balance between debt levels and economic health.

This study aims to examine the influence of financial performance ratios—namely, the liquidity ratio (Current Ratio/CR), solvency ratio (Debt to Asset Ratio/DAR), and activity ratio (Total Asset Turnover/TATO)—on the return on assets (ROA) of companies in the automotive sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020–2023. Employing a quantitative research approach with purposive sampling, the study focuses on automotive sector companies that met specific criteria over the observed time span. Data analysis was conducted using EViews version 13 software, and the methodology included descriptive statistics, panel data estimation, classical assumption tests, panel data regression analysis, t-tests (for partial effects), F-tests (for simultaneous effects), and coefficient of determination (R²) tests. The partial test results reveal that the liquidity ratio (CR) has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on ROA, indicating that higher liquidity does not necessarily enhance profitability. Similarly, the solvency ratio (DAR) demonstrates a negative and insignificant effect on ROA, suggesting that increased debt levels are not significantly associated with lower returns. In contrast, the activity ratio (TATO) has a positive and significant effect on ROA, implying that better asset utilization contributes positively to profitability. When tested simultaneously, the combination of CR, DAR, and TATO shows a positive and significant influence on ROA, indicating that these financial ratios collectively impact the profitability of automotive companies. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how internal financial indicators relate to profitability in the automotive sector and can inform management decisions and investor evaluations.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between financial performance, green accounting, and capital structure. The research covered 72 food and drink producers that were listed on the BEI in the years 2019–2022. Twenty businesses were chosen through a purposeful sampling process. Multiple linear regression analysis of secondary data is performed in SPSS 26. According to research, green accounting helps companies improve their financial performance by financing large environmental costs. Financial performance is impacted by capital structure, which in turn increases profits and debt levels. Revenue growth, however, has no bearing on bottom-line results

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of financial performance on firm value with dividend policy as an intervening variable in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the period 2017-2022. This research uses a quantitative method with secondary data from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2017-2022. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, with data from the last 6 years from 28 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX during 2017-2022. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistical analysis, panel data regression models, and path analysis. The results of the study show significant variations in liquidity, solvency, profitability, dividend policy, and firm value among manufacturing companies listed on the IDX during 2017-2022. Liquidity and profitability show large variations, reflecting differences in financial management and performance, solvency is more stable with low debt levels. Dividend policy and firm value show large variations, reflecting differences in profit sharing strategies and market valuation. Liquidity (cash ratio) has a positive effect on dividend policy (DPR), solvency (DER) has a positive effect on dividend policy, profitability (ROE) has a positive effect on dividend policy (DPR), liquidity (cash ratio) has a positive effect on firm value (PBV), solvency (DER) has a positive effect on firm value (PBV), profitability (ROE) has a positive effect on firm value (PBV), dividend policy (DPR) has a positive effect on firm value (PBV), liquidity (cash ratio) is unable to mediate through dividend policy (DPR) on firm value (PBV), solvency (DER) is unable to mediate through dividend policy (DPR) on firm value (PBV), profitability (ROE) is unable to mediate through dividend policy (DPR). on firm value (PBV)

This research aims to test and find empirical evidence that strengthens the research model as well as analyzing and serving as teaching material regarding the influence of sales volatility, operating cash flow volatility and debt levels on profit persistence (empirical study on consumer cyclicals sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2020-2020 period). 2022). The method used in sampling is Purposive Sampling. The data used is secondary data in the form of financial reports of companies listed on the IDX from 2020 to 2022. The number of samples used in this research was 105 data. The results obtained in this research show that the Sales Volatility variable has an effect on Profit Persistence, Operating Cash Flow Volatility has an effect on Profit Persistence, Debt Level has an effect on Profit Persistence in Consumer Cyclicals Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2020 - 2022 Period.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence tax avoidance in pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The independent variables analyzed in this study include profitability, sales growth, and leverage. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual financial reports of companies obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with samples selected through purposive sampling method. This study examines the effect of each independent variable on tax avoidance, which is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) proxy. The results of the study indicate that profitability has a significant effect on tax avoidance, where companies with higher levels of profitability tend to avoid taxes. Meanwhile, sales growth has a significant effect on tax avoidance. Leverage also shows a positive effect on tax avoidance, indicating that companies with high debt levels tend to use interest expenses to reduce their tax liabilities. This study provides implications for regulators and policy makers to strengthen supervision of tax avoidance practices, especially in companies that have certain characteristics such as high profitability sales growth and leverage.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of firm size, debt level, managerial ownership, audit comitte on earnings persistence in property and real estate companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research time period use is 6 years, namely the 2016-2021 period. The sampling technique use purposive sampling technique. Based on the predetermined criteria obtained 15 companies. The type of data use is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis. The result showed that the company’s debt level had no effect on earnings persistence. Meanwhile, cash flow volatility has a effect on eranings persistence.