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Education in the modern era requires students not only to master cognitive knowledge, but also to have the ability to think critically, analytically, creatively, and problem solving skills independently. Therefore, the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and the Learning Strategy for Improving Thinking Ability (SPPKB) is considered relevant and ideal in the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK) to integrate faith values with the reality of daily life. This study uses a literature study method by examining scientific journals, books, and academic articles to analyze the definition, essence, characteristics, and steps of PBL which include the introduction of authentic cases, problem solving, investigation planning, independent learning, solution synthesis, presentation of results, and reflection. PBL has proven to be effective in increasing learning motivation, collaboration, and internalization of Christian moral values, although it has limitations in the relatively long time requirement and the demands of teacher competence as facilitators. Meanwhile, SPPKB emphasizes intellectual stimulus, exploration of ideas, data processing, in-depth analysis, and metacognitive reflection to form a systematic and independent mindset in dealing with religious ethical issues. These two student-centered learning strategies complement each other in forming students who are dynamic, reflective, critical, and responsible as Christian personalities through flexible and contextual learning adaptations in PAK.

  Abstract. This study aims to determine the significant effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the creative thinking skills of grade 4 students of Kleco 1 Surakarta Elementary School. This study uses a quantitative approach based on the philosophy of positivism. The population and sample used in this study were 25 grade 4 students of Kleco 1 Surakarta Elementary School. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This study used a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. In this design, before the treatment is given, a pre-test (initial test) is carried out, then treatment is given, and after the treatment is given, a post-test (final test) is carried out. Data collection techniques use observation, testing, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model has a significant effect on improving the creative thinking skills of grade 4 students of Kleco 1 Surakarta Elementary School in the material of Style Around Us. This is indicated by an increase in the average value from the pretest of 54.4 to 80 in the posttest, as well as the results of the Paired Sample T-test which showed a significant difference before and after treatment.

The problem of this research is that low mathematics learning outcomes are caused by students' low creative thinking abilities. This research aims to determine the increase in students' creative thinking abilities regarding data presentation at SDN Sukajaya through a problem based learning model, with a class V sample. The method used in this research is a quantitative experimental method with the type of Pre-Experimental Designs. The data collection technique uses observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis technique uses N-Gain. Based on the data analysis, the conclusion is obtained: there is an increase in the creative thinking abilities of fifth grade students at Sukajaya State Elementary School after using the problem based learning model in data presentation material, because seen from the results of the N-Gain test the value shows a value of 0.8, which is included in the high criteria. Calculations in this study used SPSS 26.

Since the national curriculum was changed to text-based, explanatory texts have become one of the types of texts that are taught to students in class X of high school. One of the competencies that must be achieved by students in learning explanatory texts is producing. Students are required to be able to produce explanatory texts properly and correctly. However, there are still several problems in the achievement of these competencies. Based on the problems encountered in the field, it is known that innovative and creative explanatory text writing learning media is still lacking. An explanatory text is a text that provides information about a process resulting from the phenomenon of tang occurring. PBL (Problem based Learning) is a method of student-centered learning in this model is to improve students' ability to solve problems, use thinking skills and develop life skills such as critical thinking and teamwork. This mix method was chosen because it has suitability because in this study what is to be answered includes outcomes and the process of developing qualitative and quantitative data because in this method it is more about asking how the needs of high school class X students for the PBL model with learning media to produce explanatory texts based on digital media and local wisdom in order to facilitate and understand the mistakes of the research. In this case, it can also improve students' ability to solve problems, use various thinking skills and develop life skills.      

The development of the times is so fast that the role of education becomes very important in helping students to have a high skilled side.  The use of project-based learning models is one way to help students think creatively. This learning model is often called project-based learning which is included in the independent curriculum. The project-based learning model is designed to facilitate the development of students' creativity skills through the application of real projects that are relevant to the learning material.  This research uses a qualitative method based on literature study. The data contained in this study comes from previous studies that have been documented in the form of journals and books.  The results showed that the application of project-based learning model was significantly able to improve students' creative thinking ability. Students showed improvement in the ability to formulate new ideas, solve complex problems, and collaborate effectively. In addition, they developed positive attitudes towards learning, increased motivation, and experienced improvements in the understanding of learning concepts. This research contributes to understanding the use of project-based learning model, as an effective strategy to enhance students' creativity in educational contexts. The application of the findings in this study can help educators and policy makers    

This article discusses the teacher's perception of Problem Based Learning to improve students' thinking skills. Critical thinking is something that every individual has in developing abilities. This model can be applied to increase student excellence in thinking to find a way out of a problem through direct experience and student knowledge. Problem Based Learning is a learning model that is given based on problems, where students are given a problem and asked to solve the problem critically. Researchers use descriptive qualitative because the information collected is in the form of verbal. Samples were taken from fifth grade elementary school teachers. This study states that students' ability to think in grade V elementary school increases by implementing PBL-based learning. Before using the PBL model in class V students, learning was too monotonous, lack of enthusiasm and passivity, and students also had difficulty understanding the material, less sharp dexterity of opinion, students' excess in thinking was less developed and less flexible. However, after using the PBL learning model, students' ability to think in class V is increasing in solving problems, students also become more responsive to the essence of the problem, students also become creative, active and critical and are increasingly able to find solutions to a problem, as well as students' thinking skills. growing and flexible.

This study aims to find out how to improve students' mathematical creative thinking skills after using the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Geogebra media and to find out how students' answers process in solving problems on the mathematical creative thinking ability test after applying the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Geogebra media. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles, the subjects in the study were class IX-3 MTs Citra Abdi Negoro, totaling 27 students. This research is said to be successful if it meets the indicators of success, namely, (1) The level of students' mathematical creative thinking ability increases with a value of ≥ 85% at least in the medium category, (2) The process of completing student answers with a value of ≥60% at least in the good category, (3) The results student and teacher observations show a good category. Based on the results of the study, the average initial ability test score of 58.10 increased to 61.34 in cycle I and 80.55 in cycle II. There was also an increase in classical completeness, in the creative thinking ability test of 8 students (29.63%) in the initial ability test increased to 12 students (44.44%) in cycle I and 25 students (92.59%) in cycle II. For the process of student answers from cycle I with an average presentation of 50 students' answer processes, 31% increased to 70.67% in cycle II. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Geogebra media can improve students' creative thinking skills.