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This study aims to analyze how the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka supports the cultivation of Christian moral values among senior high school students in Christian Religious Education (PAK) classes. Using a library research method, the study reviews various written sources including books, scholarly articles, and curriculum documents to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how Christian values are integrated into PAK learning. The findings reveal that the Kurikulum Merdeka provides wide opportunities for student-centered, contextual, and character-oriented learning through the Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) Project. Christian values such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and compassion can be internalized through intracurricular, co-curricular, and experiential project-based activities. The role of teachers as moral exemplars is crucial in guiding students’ character formation. The study also identifies several challenges, including the influence of digital culture, lack of role models within families, and limited instructional time. In conclusion, the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka has significant potential to foster Christian character in students, yet requires collaborative support from schools, families, and churches to achieve maksimal outcomes.

IPAS is a subject that must be given to elementary school students. However, several studies show that elementary school students' learning outcomes in IPAS subjects are still low. This research aims to determine the effect of implementing the contextual teaching and learning model on IPAS. This research was carried out at SDN Pakis V in the 2024 academic year with a sample of class VC students. SDN Pakis V as many as 30 children. Data collection in this research used test techniques with questions in the form of descriptions. From this research, it was found that student learning results showed improvement after learning using the contextual teaching and learning model, with an average pre-test result of 70.86 while the post-test result was 85.56. The results of hypothesis testing with the t-test also show that there is a difference in the average test results before and after implementing the contextual teaching and learning model. With these results, the conclusion of this research is that the Contextual Teaching and Learning Model can improve students' IPAS outcomes in Class V at SDN Pakis V.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the contextual learning model on the PAK learning outcomes of class VIII students at SMP N 1 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with inferential statistical data analysis, by looking at the results of the pre-test and post-test learning. The population is all class VIII students of SMP N 1 Siempat Nempu Hulu for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 165 people and a sample of 30 people was determined using the purposive sampling technique. Data collected for variable Y were 15 pre-test and post-test questions, with an overall average score of 88.5>75. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between the contextual learning model on the PAK learning outcomes of class VIII students at SMP N 1 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024.