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Increased caffeine intake is commonly used by students to cope with academic demands, especially during examinations and the completion of final projects. Excessive caffeine consumption may affected sleep quality and potentially influence nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the correlation between caffeine intake, sleep disturbances, and nutritional status among final – year unsergarduated students at Dr. Soekardjo University. This study used quantitative approach with an observational analytic and cross-sectinal design. A total of 108 students participated in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlations test. The findings indicated that the most of respondents with low caffeine intake experienced mild sleep disturbances, totaling 56 respondents (80%). Meanwhile, respondents with moderate and high caffeine intake mostly experienced moderated sleep disturbances, with 13 respondents (61.9%) and 9 respondents (52.9%), respectively. The results showed a significant correlation between caffeine intake and sleep disturbances (p-value=0.000). In all categories of caffeine intake, most respondents had normal nutritional status. However, no significant relationship was found between caffeine intake and nutritional status (p-value=0.351). In conclusion, caffeine intake was associated with sleep disturbances but not with nutritional status among final-year undergraduate students.

Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent threat to hospital care, particularly when empirical therapy relies on broad-spectrum antibiotics without continuous evaluation of local use and susceptibility patterns. This literature review aimed to synthesize evidence from four Indonesian hospital-based studies regarding antibiotic utilization, rationality assessment, and bacterial resistance profiles. A structured narrative review was conducted using four selected articles provided by the author. Data were extracted for study design, setting, population, antibiotic evaluation method, dominant antibiotic classes, rationality indicators, resistance profile, and stewardship implications. The four studies were descriptive and hospital-based, using retrospective records, concurrent observation, ATC/DDD with DU 90%, qualitative rationality criteria, and antibiogram data. The synthesis showed a consistent concentration of antibiotic use in broad-spectrum groups, especially third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, and macrolides. In a Bandung public hospital, total antibiotic consumption reached 95,719.01 DDD, with penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, macrolides, and sulfonamides included in the DU 90% segment. In intensive care, ceftriaxone was the most frequently used antibiotic and most rationality indicators were appropriate, although clinically significant drug interactions were still identified. In pediatric acute respiratory infection inpatients, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone dominated empirical therapy. Resistance mapping in Denpasar highlighted relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens and recommended antibiotics according to susceptibility levels. Overall, the reviewed evidence supports an integrated antimicrobial stewardship model combining ATC/DDD-DU 90% surveillance, qualitative rationality evaluation, antibiogram-based empirical guidance, and periodic feedback to prescribers.

Typhoid fever is a febrile illness that commonly occurs in urban areas with poor sanitation. It is usually caused by the consumption of untreated water and contaminated food. Because the S. typhi bacterium can survive in water for days, contamination of surface water—such as wastewater, freshwater, and groundwater—serves as the primary cause of typhoid fever. The patient presented to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia General Hospital with complaints of high fever for approximately 4 days prior to admission, which had worsened over the past 2 days. The fever fluctuated and was accompanied by chills. It worsened at night and was not influenced by weather or temperature. These symptoms were accompanied by vomiting every time the patient tried to eat, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, and weakness. The patient reported vomiting the contents of their meal every time they ate, leading to a loss of appetite. These symptoms began when the patient first developed a fever. The patient also experienced abdominal pain. Spontaneous bleeding was denied. On physical examination, the patient appeared weak but was alert and oriented. On neck examination, palpable enlargement of the thyroid glands was found on the right and left sides of the neck, measuring 2x2 cm, mobile, and soft. On abdominal examination, increased bowel sounds were noted. Vital signs were normal except for the patient’s febrile temperature. Laboratory tests revealed a Tubex blood test result of scale 4 and a positive dengue IgG serology result.

This study explores the acceptance of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) at SD Inpres Gere through William of Ockham's negative rights framework, focusing on freedom from external interference. As a positive rights policy (the right to services), the MBG has the potential to conflict with the principles of individual subjective rights (negative rights). Ockham emphasized that every individual has a personal sovereignty that must be free from interference from external authorities. Using qualitative research methods through literature studies and interviews, this article analyzes the risk of standardizing consumption that can reduce individual autonomy in determining their private needs. The analysis shows that although the MBG has a noble aim to fulfill the right to life, its implementation risks becoming a form of state paternalism that harms citizens' negative freedoms if not accompanied by strict limits on power. This paper concludes that to align with Ockham's principle of individual subjective rights, the MBG program must continue to respect the private space and diversity of individual choices without creating dependency that erodes the sovereignty of legal subjects.

This study aims to analyze the influence of a halal lifestyle on consumer preferences in selecting Sharia-compliant retail products. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review method, reviewing various empirical and conceptual studies published between 2017 and 2025. The analysis focused on the relationship between halal awareness, religiosity, ethical consumption values, and Muslim consumer behavior in making choices about Sharia-compliant retail products and services. The results indicate that a halal lifestyle is viewed not only as a form of compliance with Islamic law but also as a social identity and a modern consumption pattern that influences consumer purchasing decisions. Consumers with high levels of halal awareness and religiosity tend to have a greater preference for Sharia-compliant retail products that guarantee halal certification, quality, transparency, and ethical values ​​in their business processes. Furthermore, trust, Islamic brand image, and marketing strategies based on Islamic values ​​contribute to strengthening consumer loyalty to Sharia-compliant retail. This research provides managerial implications for Sharia-compliant retail businesses to develop innovative, educational, and tailored marketing strategies to meet the halal lifestyle needs of modern Muslims.

This study was conducted based on the crucial role of diesel generator engines as the primary source of electrical power on board ships, making their operational reliability essential. One of the factors influencing generator engine performance is lubricating oil temperature. Excessive lubricating oil temperature may reduce lubrication effectiveness, increase friction between moving components, and lower engine efficiency. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the causes of high lubricating oil temperature in diesel generator engines and determine appropriate corrective actions. The study employed a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, and documentation during sea practice aboard MV. CL FLANDERS from 4 July 2024 to 5 July 2025. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression to examine the relationship between generator load and lubricating oil temperature. The findings revealed that generator load had a significant effect on the increase in lubricating oil temperature. Under normal operating conditions, the lubricating oil temperature ranged from 60°C to 72°C, while under abnormal conditions it increased to between 68°C and 81°C. The abnormal rise in temperature was mainly caused by cooling system problems, particularly a dirty LO cooler, scale deposits on the sea water pump impeller, and blockage in the cooling capillary pipes. The regression equation under normal conditions was Y = 45 + 0.30X, whereas under abnormal conditions it was Y = 53.5 + 0.30X. Elevated lubricating oil temperature resulted in lower oil viscosity, higher fuel consumption, and reduced diesel generator engine performance. Therefore, regular maintenance of the LO cooler, sea water pump, and continuous temperature monitoring are necessary to maintain optimum engine performance.

This study aims to analyze the consumptive culture of students in following trends using Karl Marx’s social class theory perspective. The phenomenon of consumptive behavior among students is no longer based on rational needs but is influenced by social, economic, and digital technological developments. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method by collecting and analyzing various relevant literature sources. The findings indicate that students’ consumptive behavior is part of modern capitalism mechanisms that shape consumption patterns through class relations, digital media, and social identity construction. From Marx’s perspective, consumption functions as a tool for reproducing the capitalist system that maintains social inequality, while Herbert Marcuse’s perspective reinforces that modern consumption is driven by “false needs” constructed through media and industry. In addition, factors such as family socioeconomic status, social environment, digital media, and the need for social recognition also strengthen students’ consumptive behavior. Therefore, student consumptive culture can be understood as a multidimensional phenomenon resulting from the interaction between economic, social, and ideological structures in modern society.

Stunting remains a persistent nutritional challenge that threatens human capital development in Indonesia. This study examines the effects of exclusive breastfeeding, female education, sanitation, access to safe drinking water, inadequate food consumption, and poverty on stunting prevalence across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2024. The study employs a random-effects Panel EGLS estimator with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) to address heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence in provincial panel data. The findings reveal that exclusive breastfeeding, female education, and adequate sanitation significantly reduce stunting prevalence, while poverty significantly increases it. Interestingly, inadequate food consumption is negatively associated with stunting prevalence, potentially reflecting the contribution of government nutritional assistance and social protection programs. In contrast, access to safe drinking water does not show a statistically significant effect. Among the explanatory variables, female education is strongly associated with reductions in stunting. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening women’s education, improving sanitation quality, and expanding poverty-alleviation and nutrition-sensitive interventions to accelerate reductions in stunting and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 in Indonesia.

Rapid developments in digital technology have had a significant impact on students’ lives, particularly in the use of social media and excessive consumption of digital content. The phenomenon known as Brain rot has become a growing concern because it can affect students’ concentration, learning motivation, and quality of thinking. This study aims to provide education regarding the impact of brain rot on students’ concentration and learning motivation in the digital era. The activities were carried out through counseling methods, interactive discussions, and mentoring for junior high school students. The materials presented included the definition of brain rot, the effects of excessive digital media use, the importance of learning time management, and strategies to improve learning focus. The results of the activity showed that students gained a better understanding of the negative impacts of uncontrolled digital media use. In addition, students began to realize the importance of limiting gadget use and increasing productive learning activities. This educational program also helped raise students’ awareness of the importance of maintaining mental health and cognitive abilities amid the rapid development of digital technology. Through this educational activity, students are expected to use technology wisely so that their concentration and learning motivation can improve optimally. Educational programs regarding brain rot need to be carried out continuously as part of strengthening digital literacy within the school environment.

Consumerism is an increasingly dominant phenomenon in modern society along with the development of capitalism, globalization, and information technology. Society's consumption patterns have shifted from being primarily oriented toward fulfilling needs to fulfilling symbolic desires. In this context, Jean Baudrillard's thinking is relevant in explaining that consumption is no longer based on use value, but rather on the sign value inherent in a commodity. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of consumerism in modern society through Jean Baudrillard's critical perspective and to uncover its social implications. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research, which examines various scientific literature, books, and journals related to consumerism and simulation theory. The results show that consumerism has created a pseudo-reality (simulacra), where individuals consume based on symbolic impulses shaped by the media, advertising, and popular culture. Consumption becomes a means to construct self-identity and gain social recognition, thus encouraging excessive consumer behavior. Furthermore, this phenomenon also results in social alienation, identity crises, and dependence on the global capitalist system. Thus, consumerism is not only an economic activity but also a complex socio-cultural phenomenon. Therefore, critical awareness is needed so that society can be more rational and selective in its consumption practices

Adolescents are considered a vulnerable group to nutritional problems because they experience rapid physical growth accompanied by lifestyle changes and unhealthy eating habits. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among teenagers has become a major public health concern that requires serious attention. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between peer influence, the frequency of eating out, and fast-food consumption habits with the incidence of overweight among students at SMAN 1 Surabaya. The research applied a quantitative approach using an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional method. A total of 81 students participated in the study and were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, SQ-FFQ forms, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test. The findings revealed significant associations between peer influence, eating out frequency, and fast-food consumption habits with the occurrence of overweight among adolescents. Students who more frequently consumed meals outside the home and regularly ate fast food showed a greater tendency to experience overweight and obesity. These results indicate that social environments and modern dietary patterns contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight among adolescents. Therefore, nutrition education and healthy lifestyle promotion should be strengthened through the involvement of schools, families, and peer groups.

This study was conducted in response to the increasingly complex nutritional issues among adolescents, reflected in the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition within the same population, which are closely associated with dietary consumption patterns. The research aimed to investigate the relationship between diet quality and the nutritional status of students at SMAN 9 Surabaya. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 85 participants selected based on the estimated sample requirement for correlation analysis. Dietary intake data were collected using two non-consecutive 24-hour food recalls and subsequently assessed using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A). Nutritional status was determined through BMI-for-age calculations in accordance with the World Health Organization standards. Data analysis was performed using correlational testing and Chi-Square analysis to identify differences in proportions. The findings revealed that the respondents’ diet quality remained suboptimal, while most students were categorized as having normal nutritional status, although cases of undernutrition and overnutrition were still identified. A significant association was found between diet quality and nutritional status (p = 0.001), indicating that better diet quality tended to be linked with normal nutritional status. Based on the DQI-A components, dietary quality demonstrated a significant relationship with nutritional status (p = 0.007), whereas dietary diversity (p = 0.597) and dietary equilibrium (p = 0.507) showed no significant associations. These findings highlight that diet quality, particularly food selection patterns, plays an important role in determining adolescent nutritional status. Therefore, improving nutritional conditions requires more intensive nutrition education interventions focusing on healthy food choices, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and controlled intake of sugar, salt, and fat, supported consistently by both individuals and the school environment.

This study aims to analyze the effect of renewable energy, energy consumption, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Indonesia for the period 1995-2024. This study uses secondary data over time (time series) with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple linear regression analysis method corrected using the Newey-West Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent (HAC) approach. The results show that renewable energy does not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions, which is caused by the still low share of renewable energy in the national energy mix which only reaches 10.95% in 2024. Energy consumption has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions, where every 1% increase in energy consumption increases CO2 emissions by 84.23%. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions. Every 1% increase in GDP per capita increases CO2 emissions by 35.03%, indicating that Indonesia remains on the EKC curve. Simultaneously, all three variables have a significant effect, with an adjusted R-squared value of 53.63%. This finding confirms that Indonesia's energy mix, still dominated by fossil fuels, is a major factor in high carbon emissions. Comprehensive energy efficiency policies, accelerated renewable energy transitions, and greener and more sustainable economic growth strategies are needed.

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) remains a major public health concern, particularly in primary care settings. Lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns and physical activity are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to respiratory health. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary health care facility in East Halmahera, Indonesia, from January to February 2026, involving 106 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of ARI among respondents was 77.4%. Bivariate analysis showed that dietary patterns (p = 0.006) and physical activity (p = 0.015) were significantly associated with ARI. In contrast, age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with ARI (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dietary patterns and physical activity were significantly associated with ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle-related factors in addressing respiratory infections at the primary care level.  

This study aims to analyze the socio-economic characteristics, income levels, and welfare levels of business actors at Lake Sipin Tourism, Jambi City. A descriptive survey approach was employed, involving 50 business actors as the sample selected through a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, while descriptive analysis based on criteria established by the Central Statistics Agency was applied as the primary analytical tool. The findings reveal that the socio-economic profile of business actors is predominantly female, with an average age of 42 years, a senior high school educational background, and operating food-based businesses independently with considerably limited capital. In terms of income, the average monthly net income of Rp2,486,000 falls within the moderate category according to the Central Statistics Agency criteria, although 40% of respondents still belong to the low-income group. Meanwhile, the welfare level was measured through the proportion of food consumption expenditure relative to total household expenditure, which reached 48.41% per month, placing the majority of business actors within the moderate welfare category overall.

The waste problem in Indonesia has now reached a critical stage and has become an increasingly serious environmental issue. The ever-increasing volume of waste is not being managed effectively, leading to various negative impacts, particularly environmental pollution. This study aims to examine the state of waste management in Indonesia and its impact on water pollution from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The method used is descriptive qualitative research through a literature review utilizing various sources such as journals, official reports, and legislation. The results indicate that the majority of waste originates from household activities, while management practices remain rudimentary, such as the “collect-transport-dispose” method and open dumping. This situation leads to waste accumulation, which contributes to water pollution, deteriorating environmental quality, and increased health risks for the community. Furthermore, suboptimal waste management also poses a challenge in achieving sustainable development goals, particularly regarding responsible consumption and access to clean water and sanitation. Therefore, improved efforts are needed through the application of the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) principles, increased public awareness, and the active role of the government and the private sector in providing a sustainable waste management system. With the right measures, it is hoped that the waste problem in Indonesia can be reduced and the environment preserved.

This study aims to analyze public concerns regarding fast food consumption from the perspective of risk society, particularly among university students. The increasing consumption of fast food reflects shifts in consumption patterns influenced by globalization, practicality, and time efficiency. This research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review supported by interview data to strengthen the analysis. The findings reveal that fast food consumption is not solely driven by biological needs but also by practical, emotional, and social factors. Although students demonstrate a relatively high awareness of health risks associated with fast food, their consumption behavior persists as an adaptive response to structural conditions such as time constraints, accessibility, and academic pressures. From the perspective of risk society, this phenomenon illustrates a contradiction between risk awareness and everyday consumption practices. Risks produced by modernity are not entirely avoided but are negotiated and normalized in daily life. Therefore, fast food consumption cannot be understood merely as an individual choice but as a result of the interaction between structural factors, consumer culture, and social construction within modern society.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed the way students interact and present themselves in social life, especially through social media such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter. One of the emerging social phenomena is flexing, which refers to the behavior of showing off lifestyle, achievements, or ownership to gain attention and social recognition. This study aims to analyze how Sociology students of Sriwijaya University interpret flexing on social media and whether flexing is more dominant as a lifestyle or as a form of social pressure. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach by examining various scientific articles, journals, and previous studies related to flexing, self-presentation, symbolic consumption, social validation, and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). The results show that flexing is not only a form of self-presentation and symbolic consumption, but also a response to social pressure in the digital environment.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication difficulties, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. In addition to these core symptoms, children with ASD often experience gastrointestinal disturbances that are thought to be related to the gut–brain axis. One non-pharmacological intervention that has been widely studied to reduce ASD symptoms is the gluten-free casein-free (GFCF) diet. However, evidence regarding its effectiveness in improving behavioral symptoms remains inconsistent. This study aims to review previous research on the impact of gluten and casein consumption on behavioral symptoms in children with ASD using a narrative literature review approach. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2014 and 2024 using the keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), behavior, GFCF diet, gluten, and casein. The review results indicate that most studies report potential benefits of the GFCF diet in improving certain behavioral symptoms in children with ASD, particularly hyperactivity, behavioral problems, stereotypical behavior, attention, and cognitive function. Some studies also show improvements in autism evaluation scores after dietary implementation over a specific period. However, findings remain inconsistent due to differences in study design, sample size, intervention duration, dietary adherence, and the heterogeneity of ASD characteristics among children. In conclusion, the GFCF diet has potential as a complementary intervention to improve certain behavioral symptoms in children with ASD, but further high-quality studies with larger samples are needed to confirm its effectiveness more consistently.

This study examines changes in nutritional knowledge, dietary patterns, nutrient intake, and food acculturation among first-year migrant and non-migrant students. A 5 months prospective cohort design was employed involving 32 students from the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. Students were randomly divided equally into migrant and non-migrant groups. Data were collected using questionnaires, food frequency questionnaires, 3×24-hour food recall, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated no significant differences or changes in nutritional knowledge between groups throughout the observation period (p > 0.05). However, dietary patterns varied, with migrant students showing increased consumption of practical and fast foods. Nutrient intake, particularly energy and protein, was initially lower among migrant students but improved significantly over time, reflecting adaptation to a new environment. Food acculturation was evident among migrant students, with a significant increase in scores during the study period (p = 0.007), indicating gradual adjustment to local eating habits. These results highlight the influence of environmental adaptation on students’ dietary behavior and emphasize the need for targeted nutrition interventions to promote healthy eating habits during the early university transition.