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Aditya Angger Wibowo

International Journal of Islamic and Economic Education 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study was carried out at RS Hj. Fatimah Sulhan in Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah, which functioned as both the research site and the moderating context of the investigation. The research aims to examine how personal compensation, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and organizational commitment influence employee work performance within the hospital environment. A quantitative research design was implemented, involving 150 employees selected as respondents through appropriate sampling procedures. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the AMOS software to test the hypothesized relationships among variables. The findings reveal that personal compensation, OCB, and organizational commitment each exert a positive and statistically significant impact on employee performance. These results indicate that fair and competitive compensation, strong voluntary work behaviors, and a high level of commitment to organizational goals collectively enhance productivity, service effectiveness, teamwork quality, and overall institutional performance in the healthcare setting.

Dian Ayu Maharani; Febrianur Ibnu Fitroh Sukono Putra

Proceeding of the International Conference on Management, Entrepreneurship, and Business 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

An organization's inability to build employee loyalty amidst competitive business pressures can have a direct impact on productivity, operational efficiency, and the retention of key talent. This study aims to analyze the role of job satisfaction as a key mediator in increasing employee loyalty at PT. Dua Kelinci. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method by distributing questionnaires to a total of 190 active employees of PT. Dua Kelinci. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that Motivation, job stress, and job satisfaction were proven to have a significant effect on employee loyalty, while the work environment, workload, and work rewards did not have a significant direct effect. However, the job satisfaction variable was able to significantly mediate the relationship between Motivation, job stress, work environment, and workload on employee loyalty, but did not significantly influence employee loyalty through job satisfaction. These findings confirm that job satisfaction is not only the result of good working conditions, but also a key factor in building and strengthening employee loyalty indirectly. Practically, this study provides an important contribution to companies in designing strategies to increase employee loyalty. Theoretically, this study enriches the literature on mediation mechanisms in employee behavior models, particularly in the context of the manufacturing industry.

Windy Cahya Putri; Dyah Suswanti Respatiningtias; Muhammad Bawono

JURNAL EKONOMI MANAJEMEN AKUNTANSI 2025 sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Dharma Putra Semarang

Employee performance is a key factor in the operational success of a business, including at Kalenan Cafe & Resto Sawahan Nganjuk, which is growing in the culinary sector. The low performance of some employees is suspected to be influenced by suboptimal leadership styles and a compensation system that is not transparent and fair. This study aims to examine the effect of leadership style on employee performance; the effect of compensation on employee performance; and the simultaneous effect of leadership style and compensation on employee performance. The study employed a quantitative survey approach with 65 employees selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation related to performance, leadership, and compensation, and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that leadership style has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, while compensation has a negative yet significant effect. Simultaneously, leadership style and compensation significantly influence performance. Therefore, implementing a participative leadership style that supports two-way communication and a fair compensation system is essential to enhance employee motivation and performance, as well as to create a productive, harmonious work environment that supports business growth.

Wildan Anwar Adi Wibowo; Indah Yuni Astuti; Iing Sri Hardiningrum

Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Digital Terkini 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Hospitals are a crucial sector in a country due to their functions encompassing various aspects of healthcare provision. Factors supporting smooth operations and quality healthcare services in hospitals include human resources, facilities and infrastructure, health information systems, financial management, good customer service, security, occupational health, and other supporting factors. This study aims to determine the effect of compensation, work environment, and work stress on employee work productivity at Bhayangkara Level II Hospital in Kediri City. The research method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The sample in this study amounted to 40 respondents who were employees of Bhayangkara Level II Hospital in Kediri City. The results of the analysis show that partially compensation, work environment, and work stress have a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity. Compensation has a calculated t value of 2.500 with a significance of 0.015, work environment is 6.170 with a significance of <0.001, and work stress is 5.305 with a significance of <0.001. Simultaneously, these three variables also have a significant effect on work productivity with a calculated F value of 35.438 and a significance of <0.001. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the hospital management continue to evaluate the compensation system, create a conducive work environment, and manage employee work stress through training and counseling facilities. Further research is expected to add other variables such as internal communication, job satisfaction, and career development to obtain more comprehensive results.

Susan Febriantina; Jonathan Nofaomasi Daeli; Khalizah Alfi Fadhliyah; Ulayya Antania Hanjani; Zahra Aisha Febrila

Journal of Student Research 2025 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research aims to identify factors that significantly influence employee performance and formulate strategies to improve it. This research was conducted through a comprehensive literature study of various studies related to employee performance. The main focus of this research is on internal factors such as motivation, leadership, and organizational culture, as well as external factors such as technology and changes in the business environment. The research results show that employee performance is influenced by various interrelated factors. Motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, is a key factor that encourages employees to achieve optimal performance. Effective leadership, especially transformational and democratic leadership styles, also has an important role in improving performance. In addition, a positive organizational culture, conducive work environment, and appropriate use of technology can increase employee productivity and job satisfaction. To improve employee performance, organizations need to create a supportive and motivating work environment. This can be done by implementing various strategies, such as providing ongoing training and development, implementing a fair and transparent compensation system, building positive interpersonal relationships, and providing sufficient autonomy to employees. Apart from that, organizations also need to pay attention to external factors such as technological changes and evolving market dynamics.

Muhammad Harun Al-Rossyid; Deden Kurniawan

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Manajemen 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to analyze the influence of remuneration, work environment, and work-life balance on employee performance at PT Duta Utama Mustika. The background of this research lies in the importance of improving employee performance to achieve optimal company goals. Factors such as a fair remuneration system, a comfortable work environment, and maintaining a balance between work and personal life are believed to significantly impact employee productivity and performance. This research employed a quantitative approach with a sample of 80 employees selected using a specific sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale to measure variables including remuneration, work environment, work-life balance, and employee performance. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that remuneration has a significant effect on employee performance, meaning that providing appropriate and fair compensation can enhance motivation and work performance. Similarly, the work environment significantly influences performance, suggesting that a safe, comfortable, and supportive workplace contributes to employee productivity. In addition, work-life balance was also found to have a significant effect on performance, demonstrating that balancing job demands with personal life is essential for employees to remain focused and perform effectively. Based on these findings, the company is recommended to improve its remuneration system, create a more conducive work environment, and implement policies that promote work-life balance in order to enhance overall employee performance sustainably.

Voni Apriliasari; Rini Armin; Kasnowo Kasnowo

Jurnal Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Teknologi 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to examine the influence of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), workload, and compensation on employee productivity at PT Cahaya Karya Bersama. The background of this research lies in the importance of human resource management in enhancing company performance amid intense business competition. Despite the company’s efforts in providing safety facilities and implementing OHS systems, issues still arise such as low employee awareness of safety procedures, unequal workload distribution, and dissatisfaction with compensation systems, particularly in relation to BPJS Health services. This study employs a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 40 respondents via Google Form, with data analyzed using SPSS 25. The results indicate that partially, OHS, workload, and compensation variables have a significant effect on employee productivity. Furthermore, these three variables also jointly contribute significantly to productivity enhancement. Therefore, the company must further optimize OHS implementation, ensure workload alignment with employee capacity, and improve its compensation system to create a productive and sustainable work environment.

Mukhammad Rafie Afgiansyah; Hartono Hartono; Agoes Hadi Poernomo

Jurnal Visi Manajemen 2025 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia Semarang

Compensation and the work environment are two essential factors that significantly affect employee productivity, particularly in community-owned enterprises (BUMDes) engaged in the tourism sector. A fair remuneration system motivates employees to work optimally, while a supportive physical and psychosocial work environment creates comfort that enhances job performance. This study aims to examine the influence of compensation and work environment on employee productivity in BUMDes Kedungudi, which serves as one of the local driving forces in developing tourism-based community economic empowerment. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method with a total sample of 37 tourism sector employees of BUMDes Kedungudi. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, which were subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 28. The analytical procedures included validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing such as normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity checks, as well as multiple linear regression analysis to determine the effect of independent variables on employee productivity. The results revealed that both compensation and work environment had a positive and significant influence on productivity. Specifically, compensation demonstrated a coefficient value of β = 0.205 with a significance level of p = 0.007, while the work environment showed a stronger effect with β = 0.281 and p = 0.002. Furthermore, the regression model indicated that the combination of these two variables was able to explain 68.0% of the variance in employee productivity (Adjusted R² = 0.680; p < 0.001). This finding highlights the strategic importance of remuneration policies and workplace conditions in enhancing organizational performance within community-owned enterprises.

Neta Tertina Aratri; Agrianti Komalasari

Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, Akuntansi, dan Pajak 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study aims to empirically examine the influence of compensation, work motivation, and work environment on employee turnover intention at PT. XYZ, Kimia Merak Division. This study is expected to contribute both theoretically and practically in the field of human resource management, particularly in reducing employee turnover. The problem of turnover intention is a crucial issue because it can have negative impacts on organizational sustainability, such as increased recruitment costs, disrupted productivity, and the loss of experienced employees. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a purposive sampling technique. The study sample consisted of 75 permanent employees who have worked for at least two years. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used multiple linear regression to test the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that compensation, work motivation, and work environment each have a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. This means that the better the compensation provided, the higher the employee's work motivation, and the more conducive the work environment, the lower the tendency of employees to intend to leave the company. The findings indicate that improving compensation packages, enhancing employee motivation, and maintaining a supportive work environment are crucial strategies to reduce turnover intention. Based on these results, companies are advised to design fair and competitive compensation systems, create programs that enhance intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and ensure a safe, comfortable, and supportive work environment for employee performance. This way, companies can retain quality human resources and maintain operational stability.

Novi Oktavia Fatikhatin; Nersiwad Nersiwad; Kasnowo Kasnowo

Jurnal Visi Manajemen 2025 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia Semarang

This study aims to determine the influence of transformational leadership style, physical work environment, and intrinsic compensation on employee performance on CV. Nina Etik Garment Indonesia, a written batik industry operating in Mojokerto. The background of this research departs from the phenomenon of low employee productivity which is allegedly influenced by internal and external factors of the organization. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a census method for all permanent employees totaling 39 people. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) based on the SmartPLS 4.1.1.2 application. The results show that only the physical work environment has a significant effect on employee performance. This indicates that the factors of comfort, security, and the feasibility of work facilities have a dominant role in improving employee performance. In contrast, transformational leadership styles and intrinsic compensation have not been shown to have a significant impact. These findings provide an idea that the motivation of employees in the creative industry sector based on local culture such as written batik is more influenced by the real working conditions they face on a daily basis than by a leadership approach or non-financial reward alone. The practical implication of this research is the need for company management to prioritize improving the physical aspects of the work environment, such as lighting, ventilation, cleanliness, and ergonomic workspace layout. By creating a comfortable and supportive work environment, employee productivity and performance can be significantly improved. In addition, although there is no significant effect in this study, leadership style and intrinsic compensation still need to be considered in order to create a balance in the sustainable human resource management strategy and be able to support innovation, creativity, and competitiveness of the company.

Salvia Mahmuda Ghaly; Rini Septiowati

Jurnal Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Teknologi 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to analyze workload in improving employee performance at PT XYZ Indonesia in Tangerang City. Two core informants and five key informants met the sample criteria. The method used was a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation of company management, NVivo, triangulation, and SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that PT XYZ Indonesia's workload is managed flexibly through setting targets based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) tailored to the capabilities of each employee. The work environment, both physical and non-physical, significantly influences work effectiveness and comfort. Some employees experience fatigue, especially when the workload increases, but the company provides compensation such as workload adjustments and work from home. The main obstacles in achieving targets are mostly caused by external factors such as client demands, the amount of work piling up, and limited work equipment. All employees follow clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and evaluations are conducted periodically to ensure the quality and quantity of performance are maintained. This research is expected to serve as a reference for companies in managing workloads and increasing employee productivity in the digital age.

Nur Halifah; Teguh Wicaksono; Fanlia Adiprimadana Sanjaya

International Journal of Management and Digital Sciences 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

At PT Win Access Telecommunication Banjarmasin, the target-based salary system that drives performance actually causes stress and dissatisfaction due to the imbalance of compensation and a less supportive work environment, which has a negative impact on motivation, productivity, and stability of the company, so a comprehensive assessment is needed to create optimal working conditions according to the needs of employees and the organization. The objectives of this study are to: 1) Determine and test the effect of salary on employee performance at PT Win Access Telecommunication Banjarmasin; 2) Determine and test the effect of the work environment on employee performance at PT Win Access Telecommunication Banjarmasin, and; 3) Determine and test the effect of salary and work environment on employee performance at PT Win Access Telecommunication Banjarmasin. This quantitative study examines the effect of salary and work environment on employee performance at PT Win Access Telecommunication Banjarmasin in March-June 2025 with a sample of 84 out of 509 employees using a Likert scale questionnaire, data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, validity tests, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, and partial and simultaneous hypothesis tests to determine the relationship between variables significantly. The results of this study are: 1) There is a significant influence between Salary partially on the performance of PT Win Access Telecommunication Banjarmasin; 2) There is a significant influence between Work Environment partially on the performance of PT Win Access Telecommunication Banjarmasin), and; 3) There is a significant influence between salary and work environment simultaneously on the performance of PT Win Access Telecommunication Banjarmasin.

Amelia Agustina, Nanda; Siska, Elmira; Indra, Natal

CiDEA Journal 2025 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

This study focuses on determining the effect of compensation, work discipline, work environment on the work productivity of employees of Biro Umum Pengadaan in Sekretariat Jenderal of the Republic of Indonesia using quantitative approaches. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling and the number of samples obtained by 53 respondents using questionnaires. In data processing using SPSS 26.0 software data instrument tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of simultaneous research, it was found that compensation, work discipline and work environment have a positife and significant effect on work productivity of employees of Biro Umum Pengadaan in Sekretariat Jenderal of the Republic of Indonesia.

Penti Puspita Sari; Sry Rosita; Dian Mala Fithriani Aira

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Work loyalty is a fundamental pillar in human resource management that plays a critical role in sustaining organizational development and enhancing employee productivity. This study aims to explore and analyze the strategies implemented by PT. Bank BTPN Syariah MMS Rantau Rasau in maintaining employee loyalty, particularly among Community Officers who serve as the frontline representatives of the bank in delivering services directly to local communities. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using in-depth interviews and documentation as data collection techniques. The findings reveal that work loyalty can be fostered through several strategies, including equitable and measurable reward systems, regular and relevant training, structured career development, and appropriate compensation and performance-based incentives. Additionally, leadership support and effective two way communication between management and employees play a crucial role in cultivating a sense of ownership and emotional attachment to the organization. These strategies significantly contribute to strengthening employee commitment, dedication, and the willingness to stay and grow with the company, ultimately leading to increased productivity in both quantitative target achievement and qualitative service delivery. This study offers practical implications for the development of human resource management policies in the Islamic banking sector and serves as a reference for other organizations facing similar challenges in maintaining employee loyalty and improving productivity. A comprehensive understanding of loyalty strategies enables organizations to build a sustainable and productive work environment.

Putri Rahma Dhani; Bayu Kurniawan; Ika Indriasari

Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah (JUPIEKES) 2025 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

This study aims to examine the influence of cross-cultural leadership style and reward provision on employee job satisfaction, with workload serving as an intervening variable. The research was conducted at PT X, a multinational company managed by foreign leaders who come from diverse cultural backgrounds. As organizations become increasingly global, understanding how leadership and reward systems function in multicultural environments is essential to improving workforce performance and satisfaction. This research applies a quantitative approach using survey methods, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 105 employees across various departments. The analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The findings show that cross-cultural leadership style has a significant positive impact on workload, suggesting that cultural differences in leadership influence how employees perceive and handle their tasks. Furthermore, reward provision shows a strong and direct influence on job satisfaction, highlighting the importance of fair compensation and recognition in motivating employees.Importantly, the study also finds that workload partially mediates the relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction. This indicates that leadership practices affect job satisfaction not only directly but also through the perceived amount and nature of the work assigned. These results underscore the necessity for companies, particularly those with a multicultural workforce, to adopt inclusive leadership models and implement transparent, performance-based reward systems. By doing so, organizations can create a more supportive work environment, improve employee morale, and ultimately enhance overall productivity and satisfaction.

Rofilah Rahadatul Aisyi; Mudji Kuswinarno

Transformasi: Journal of Economics and Business Management 2024 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

The effect of work motivation and compensation on employee loyalty. High work motivation and fair compensation have proven to play an important role in increasing employee loyalty. High employee loyalty, in turn, can encourage company sustainability in the midst of intense competition. In this research, the method used is a literature review that relies on data from various journals, books, and articles related to the topic. The results show that both work motivation and compensation have a positive and significant relationship with employee loyalty. This suggests that companies need to pay serious attention to both factors to create a supportive work environment. Therefore, companies are advised to strategically manage work motivation and compensation to improve employee productivity and business sustainability, as well as create stronger relationships between employees and organizations.

Adinda Thalia Salsabila; Muhammad Habibi; M. Hanif Ash Shiddiqi; Muhammad Iqbal; Rindu Oktavia +2 more

Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen 2024 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Salary reform as a structural improvement in a company’s compensation system is a widely applied strategy to enhance employee motivation and performance. Compensation policies that are responsive to employee needs are expected to create a work environment that supports productivity, where intrinsic motivation can be strengthened through fair and proportional rewards. This study aims to explore the extent of the influence of salary reform on improving employee motivation and performance within organizations by using a literature review method. Based on analyses of previous studies, it was found that salary reform not only plays a significant role in fostering employees' intrinsic motivation but also impacts the overall productivity of the organization. Reforms that include salary structure adjustments, performance-based incentives, and increased transparency in compensation management have proven effective in reducing disparities, enhancing loyalty, and improving workplace climate. These findings strongly imply that management should continuously develop adaptive compensation policies focused on employee needs and well-being, with the aim of optimally contributing to achieving the company’s strategic goals and enhancing organizational competitiveness.

Siswandari, Nabillah; Baidlowi, Imam; Hadi Poernomo, Agoes

Journal of Management and Social Sciences (JIMAS) 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

One of the important factors that can influence employee work productivity in an agency or company is compensation and the work environment. Appropriate and appropriate compensation as well as a comfortable and very supportive work environment can increase employee work productivity. In this research, the aim of the research was to determine the effect of Compensation and work environment on employee work productivity at Dian Husada Hospital, Mojokerto. The type of research used is an associative quantitative method with data collection techniques used are interviews and distributing questionnaires to employees. The population in this study were core employees at Dian Husada Hospital, Mojokerto. The research sample used was 50 people using a saturated sampling technique. The results of this research show that compensation and environmental variables have a partially positive and significant effect on employee work productivity. And simultaneously compensation and the work environment have a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity at Dian Husada Hospital, Mojokerto.

Heru Hermawan; Rauly Sijabat; M. Fadjar Darmaputra

Kajian Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Terapan 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study began with findings that occurred at PT Hanchen Industrial Indonesia, where employees were less than optimal in carrying out their work. It can be seen from the decline in employee work productivity so that the company's targets are not achieved. In this research, it was found that there were several factors that influenced employee work productivity, including compensation, workload and work environment. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the influence of compensation, workload and work environment on employee work productivity at PT Hanchen Industrial Indonesia. The sample in this study used the Slovin formula with a total of 75 respondents. Data analysis in this research was carried out using the multiple regression method with the help of SPSS version 23 software. The results of the research show that the compensation variable has a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity as evidenced by the t-count value of 4,454 > t-table 1,993, workload has a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity as evidenced by the t-count value of 2,621 > t-table 1.993 and the work environment has no effect and is not significant on employee work productivity as evidenced by the t-count value (-1.313) < t-table 1.993. Simultaneously, compensation, workload and work environment have a significant positive effect on employee work productivity as proven by the calculated F-value of 11,317 > the F-table value of 2.73. The Adjusted R Square determination value is 0.295 or 29.5%.

Ikbal Anggara; Zulfadlillah Zulfadlillah; Siti Nur Hamidah; Ibrahim Abdul Sopyan

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Teknik 2024 Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Applying ergonomic principles in work tool design for manufacturing industries is a crucial factor in improving productivity while maintaining worker health. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of adaptive work tool design models based on cognitive and physiological ergonomic principles, identify interaction patterns between workstation design and operational performance, and develop a conceptual framework for integrating ergonomic principles into production cycles. The research method adopts a cognitive-physiological approach with qualitative analysis of human-machine interactions, biomechanical simulations using digital human modeling, and muscle load measurements through electromyography. Implementation was conducted using a participatory ergonomics approach and IMU sensor-based real-time monitoring systems. Results show that using materials with controlled deformation capabilities (15-20%) in work tools reduces muscle work by up to 27%, while adaptive automation system integration improves assembly accuracy by 18%. Workstations with ergonomic adjustments increase assembly speed by an average of 12%, and low-cost ergonomic interventions effectively improve productivity by 11-15% in resource-limited environments. Longitudinal analysis reveals that evidence-based ergonomic investments yield a 230% ROI through increased productivity, reduced injury compensation costs, and decreased employee turnover. IMU-based posture monitoring systems integrated with adaptive feedback loops reduced musculoskeletal disorder incidents by up to 41%. In conclusion, ergonomic optimization based on cognitive-physiological principles creates synergy between production efficiency and worker well-being, making it an essential component in achieving sustainable productivity.