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The quality of human resources (HR) in Islamic and public primary schools (MI/SD) is a key factor in improving the quality of basic education and is strongly influenced by the leadership role of the school principal. Principals function not only as administrators but also as instructional leaders who are capable of mobilizing teachers and educational staff to develop professionally. This study aims to analyze the role of school principal leadership in improving the quality of human resources in MI/SD, particularly in terms of pedagogical, professional, social, and personal competencies of teachers and educational staff. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies, while data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that visionary, participatory, and transformational leadership of school principals plays a significant role in enhancing the quality of human resources. Principals actively encourage teacher professional development through academic supervision, continuous training, teamwork empowerment, and the creation of a supportive and collaborative school culture. In addition, the principal’s exemplary behavior in discipline, communication, and decision-making contributes positively to increasing motivation and performance among teachers and staff. The implications of this study suggest that improving the quality of basic education in MI/SD requires strengthening school principals’ leadership competencies so that they are able to manage and develop human resources in a sustainable manner and oriented toward educational quality improvement.

The world of education has undergone a major shift as a result of advances in information and communication technology. This study compares conventional and digital learning methods for distance learning (PJJ) across the board, with the aim of finding out what is effective, what is not effective, and how the two methods affect student learning outcomes and experiences. Conventional learning, which relies on direct interaction between teachers and students, emphasizes elements such as giving feedback, easy to do, structured, and routine. It has the advantage of being able to facilitate direct interpersonal communication, provide intensive supervision and guidance, and create a competitive learning environment. However, this method has some limitations, especially in terms of time and space flexibility. It is also not able to meet the learning needs of individuals in large groups. On the other hand, digital learning offers greater flexibility, access to a wide range of educational resources, and increased interactivity through the use of online collaboration tools, e-learning platforms, and video conferencing. The use of technology allows learning content to be presented in a systematic, structured and engaging manner, increasing student motivation and participation. In addition, it allows materials to be tailored to each student's learning style and conditions, and supports collaborative and independent learning. Challenges include the possibility of misuse of technology, limited access in some areas, lack of direct social interaction, and reliance on digital infrastructure and capabilities. The research results indicate that digital learning generally enhances student learning outcomes more significantly compared to conventional learning, especially in terms of distance learning (PJJ). Digital strategies such as structured instructional design, integration of practical experiences, motivational support, and time management have been shown to improve student interaction, understanding, and independence. However, digital and conventional learning methods can complement each other to achieve optimal effectiveness. The application of these strategies not only boosts students' academic performance but also equips them with the essential skills to tackle future challenges. 

This study aims to find out and analyze: (1) The relationship between the principal's communication and teacher performance; (2) The relationship between the principal's academic supervision and teacher performance; and (3) The relationship between the principal's communication and the principal's academic supervision on teacher performance. This study is a quantitative research with a partial correlation method. This research was conducted at SD Negeri Pemulutan Selatan which consisted of 38 teachers and 5 principals so that the total number of respondents was 43. The data collection technique uses questionnaires and documentation. The validation test uses construct validity while the reality test uses Cronbachh's Alpha. The prerequisite test for analysis uses normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test, and the data is analyzed using simple regression and multiple regression techniques. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was a positive and significant relationship between the principal's communication and teacher performance with a correlation value of 0.923 with a relationship percentage of 85% while 15% was determined by other factors that were not mentioned. (2) There was a positive and significant relationship between the principal's academic supervision and teacher performance with a correlation value of 0.946 with a relationship percentage of 89%, while 11% was determined by other factors that were not mentioned. (3) There was a positive and significant relationship between the principal's communication and the principal's academic supervision on teacher performance with a correlation value of 0.953 with a relationship percentage of 91%, while 9% was determined by other factors not mentioned in this study.

This article discusses various types of supervision in Islamic education, which aim to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Supervision in Islamic education focuses not only on academic aspects, but also on the development of students' character and spirituality. The types of supervision discussed include administrative supervision, pedagogical supervision, and spiritual supervision. By providing concrete examples of practices in Islamic schools, this article shows how each type of supervision can be applied effectively to achieve holistic educational goals.types of supervisors often found in the environment. By identifying the characteristics of each type, readers are expected to understand the important role of supervisors in improving team performance. Through an analysis of concrete news related to supervisor behavior, this article also evaluates spelling errors that often appear in official communication, and provides recommendations for improvement. This study aims to raise awareness of the importance of effective communication