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The KRI Nagapasa Class is a submarine of the Indonesian Navy that has the capability to deploy sea mines, launch anti-surface missiles, and release countermeasure torpedoes. However, to face the increasingly complex dynamics of the regional strategic environment, it is necessary to increase combat power through the installation of a Sub Launch Missile weapon system. Until now, the Indonesian Navy does not have a submarine equipped with this underwater missile, especially in the Chang Bogo class. This study aims to analyze and determine the most appropriate choice of Sub Launch Missile missiles to support submarine training and operations. The method used is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a quantitative approach. The results of the ranking of five respondents showed that the SM-39 Exocet missile was in first place with a value of 0.46424 followed by the CM-708UNB with a value of 0.41461 and the UGM-84 Harpoon with a value of 0.12115. The SM-39 Exocet missile was chosen as a priority because it has technical specifications that best meet the operational needs of the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL), as well as significantly contributing to enhancing the deterrence effect and combat capability of the Nagapasa-class submarines.

Corruption remains a persistent challenge in Indonesia because it weakens public trust, undermines welfare, and obstructs equitable development. This article examines how Aristotle’s virtue ethics can contribute to anti-corruption efforts by addressing the moral roots of corrupt behavior. The study argues that corruption is not only a legal or administrative violation but also a failure of character, judgment, and commitment to the common good. Using a qualitative conceptual design, the article employs philosophical analysis, a structured literature review, and Socratic questioning to examine the relationship between virtue, leadership, and public integrity. The analysis identifies three principal roots of corruption: weak moral character, poor ethical judgment, and self-interest over the common good. It shows that Aristotelian ethics offers an integrated response through the cultivation of moral virtue, intellectual virtue, and practical wisdom. The findings suggest that virtue-based ethics is most effective when combined with anti-corruption education, ethical leadership, stronger rule-of-law implementation, and institutional arrangements that reduce opportunities for abuse of power. Aristotle’s framework does not provide a complete solution, but it offers a valuable normative foundation for strengthening ethical public culture in Indonesia.

This research analyzes the Indonesian government’s policy responses to combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in the Arafura Sea during 2023-2024, focusing on the case of the Run Zeng 03 and Run Zeng 05 vessels. These foreign-flagged vessels, owned by a Chinese company but registered under the Russian flag, were involved in illegal fishing and human rights violations against Indonesian fishery crew members. Using a qualitative descriptive approach supported by literature studies and official government data, this research analyzes how Indonesia implemented its maritime sovereignty through legal enforcement, inter-agency coordination, and international maritime diplomacy. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s measures, such as vessel monitoring AIS/VMS technology, law enforcement through arrests and seizures, and diplomatic engagement with flag states reflect a progressive but still reactive approach. The study identifies key challenges, including limited foreign authorities. This research highlights the need for an integrated policy framework that combines hard power (law enforcement and patrols) with soft power (international cooperation, economic diplomacy, and labor protection). The study concludes that a comprehensive and collaborative approach is essential to strengthen maritime governance and ensure sustainable, equitable management of Indonesia’s marine resources.

Abstract. This study aims to examine the causes, forms, and strategies for combating violence against female Indonesian migrant workers (PMI) from a legal, sociological, and gender perspective. The background of this research is based on the vulnerability of female PMI to various forms of physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence, which occurs from the pre-placement stage to the post-placement stage, as well as the long-term impact on mental health, human rights, and socio-economic reintegration. The method used is empirical legal with primary data collection through in-depth interviews with female PMI victims of violence and accompanying institutions, as well as secondary data in the form of literature reviews, laws and regulations, and scientific publications. The analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, integrating human rights theory, Feminist Legal Theory, and international migration policy. The results of the study show that the vulnerability of female migrant workers is caused by economic factors, education, patriarchal culture, non-transparent recruitment processes, the characteristics of work in the informal sector, power imbalances with employers, and weak legal protection in the destination country. The forms of violence experienced include beatings, sexual harassment, threats, social isolation, wage withholding, and structural exploitation practices. Protection efforts implemented include preventive approaches through training, legal education, legal document guarantees, and assistance from law enforcement agencies, as well as repressive approaches through action against perpetrators of violence and bilateral cooperation with destination countries. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive and sustainable protection for female Indonesian migrant workers, covering all stages of labor migration as well as strengthening digital-based monitoring systems, officer capacity, and cross-sector collaboration to ensure the safety, dignity, and fulfillment of the human rights of female Indonesian migrant workers.  

The KRI Nagapasa Class is a submarine of the Indonesian Navy that has the capability to deploy sea mines, launch anti-surface missiles, and release countermeasure torpedoes. However, to face the increasingly complex dynamics of the regional strategic environment, it is necessary to increase combat power through the installation of a Sub Launch Missile weapon system. Until now, the Indonesian Navy does not have a submarine equipped with this underwater missile, especially in the Chang Bogo class. This study aims to analyze and determine the most appropriate choice of Sub Launch Missile missiles to support submarine training and operations. The method used is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a quantitative approach. The results of the ranking of five respondents showed that the SM-39 Exocet missile was in first place with a value of 0.46424 followed by the CM708UNB with a value of 0.41461 and the UGM-84 Harpoon with a value of 0.12115. The SM-39 Exocet missile was chosen as a priority because it has technical specifications that best meet the operational needs of the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL), as well as significantly contributing to enhancing the deterrence effect and combat capability of the Nagapasa-class submarines.

Corruption is an extraordinary crime with systemic impacts on a nation’s political, economic, and social stability. Various countries adopt different penal approaches to combat corruption, including Indonesia and China. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of criminal penalties in addressing corruption in both countries. The research uses a normative-juridical and comparative approach by examining legislation, empirical data, and relevant case studies. In Indonesia, the implementation of criminal sanctions tends to be more moderate, with imprisonment and fines being the dominant forms of punishment. However, enforcement faces challenges such as weak institutional independence and political interference. In contrast, China enforces much harsher penalties, including life imprisonment and the death penalty, as part of its "zero tolerance" anti-corruption policy supported by centralized political power. The findings show that although China’s repressive approach appears more stringent, the success in curbing corruption is not solely determined by the severity of the punishment. Instead, it also depends on the consistency, transparency, and integrity of the legal enforcement system. This study recommends that Indonesia reform its criminal policy to be firmer while still upholding principles of human rights and justice.

Sexual violence is an act that is degrading, humiliating, harassing, and/or attacking a person’s body or reproductive function, typically caused by an imbalance of power relations or gender discrimination, which results in psychological and physical suffering. Sexual violence against children is a social problem that requires special attention because this crime involves children in its commission. The Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR) also emphasizes that intercourse with a child constitutes a criminal offense, even if it is framed as consensual, in order to protect the child’s rights and future. Based on this issue, the author aims to examine efforts to combat sexual violence against children under the guise of sexual consent to find the most effective strategies to reduce this increasingly widespread crime. The research method used is a normative and empirical juridical approach. The data used includes both primary and secondary data. Data collection procedures involve literature study and field research. The data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that efforts to combat sexual crimes include both penal and non-penal measures. Penal efforts involve the government enacting more specific regulations on sexual crimes involving adults and children under the pretense of sexual consent, as well as taking repressive measures as a last resort. Non-penal efforts conducted by relevant institutions include public outreach and education that provides information about such criminal behaviors. The suggestions in this study are: (1) To prevent sexual crimes committed under the guise of sexual consent, it is necessary to involve the community and a supportive environment that is aware of unlawful acts occurring around them, and to collectively protect family and community members from engaging in harmful behavior. (2) The government is expected to establish more specific policies regarding sexual crimes involving adults and children under the pretext of sexual consent.

In the 2024 presidential election, political activity on social media is very intensive, with the aim of attracting people's attention and voting power towards presidential candidates. However, the low literacy level of Indonesian society often triggers negative behavior such as hate speech. This research aims to describe the behavior of hate speech on social media towards the 2024 Presidential candidate of the Republic of Indonesia. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. The research results show that there are still many individuals who use social media to express their dislike of presidential candidates in negative ways, including through hate speech. Many social media users are unaware of the legal implications of their actions. This situation requires public vigilance and wisdom in using social media to avoid negative things. To overcome this problem, digital literacy is not enough to just focus on models such as critical consuming, functional prosuming, and critical prosuming. This research suggests adding a moral values ​​model that includes two main indicators: ethical behavior and motivation skills. Hate speech can appear either in the form of hoaxes or true information, so a moral value-based approach is very necessary to increase people's awareness and responsibility in interacting in cyberspace. This research emphasizes the importance of more comprehensive digital literacy education to combat the spread of hate speech on social media during the 2024 presidential election.

Indonesia is a State of Law, this is stated in the explanation of the 1945 Constitution which states that; "The Indonesian state is based on law and not based on mere power." Law is a rule or regulation that regulates society. All behavior and actions of its citizens must be based on law, therefore, Indonesia is a country of law, obliged to carry out legal functions consistently as a means of upholding justice.  As times progress, of course crime becomes more developed and organized. One of the problems that often comes to the surface in people's lives is crime in general, as currently we often encounter delinquency in the form of narcotics abuse. In Article 1 Paragraph 1 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning NARCOTICS, the meaning of narcotics, namely substances or drugs derived from plants, either synthetic or semi-synthetic, which can cause a decrease or change in consciousness, loss of taste, reduce or eliminate pain, and can cause dependence, which are differentiated into groups as attached in the Law - The Narcotics Law is often used outside of medical and scientific purposes, which in the end will become a danger for the user, which in the end can also have an influence on the social order of the people of the nation and state. Combating narcotics abuse is not an easy thing to implement but the state is determined to eradicate it. Narcotics abuse covers all levels of society, including poor, rich, old, young and even children. Narcotics abuse has increased from year to year, which ultimately harms the nation's future cadres. One of the efforts made by the government to tackle the narcotics problem is through improvements in legal regulations. This improvement is very necessary because the influence of narcotics is very large on the survival of a nation.