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Infertility is one of the most common diseases in the world in last period of all types,whether it is due to (asthenospermia,oligoasthenospermia,teratospermia,hormonal imbalance).Study aims to reveal negative effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on fertilization, this studywas conducted in the Al-Jazeera Specialized Laboratory in the city of Kut for the periodbetween (January to November from 2024), two hundred A person suffering from infertility.The semen was examined for all of them, they were divided into eighty of them being normal(the control group) and one hundred and twenty suffering from infertility (asthenospermia)hormonal test and sperm DNA fragmentation test (by Kit methods) was performed for everyone, this study showed Following, we obtained higher proportions of sperm DNA fragmentedinfertile Which had an abnormal shape and low motility. The results are similar to those ofother studies, which found that the DFI in infertile group was significantly higher than that infertile group (34.53 ± 4.6 % compared to11.91 ± 4.0 %) and mean sperm concentration infertile group was significantly higher compared to infertile group (83.22 ± 14.9 /ml comparedto11.67 ± 10.7 /ml) from this study. Through this study, the DFI test they can be used fordiscrimination and between the infertile male and normal male . Male men with sperm (DFI ≥25.1% ) had a (2.52 ) times higher risk of infertility compared to males with sperm (DFI <25.1%). This study shows that there is a negative relationship between (spem DNAfragmentation , sperm motility and formation) in infertile males. In addition, it can be concluded that sperm DNA fragmentation is very useful in selecting and choosing suitable sperm to beused in many techniques, including assisted reproductive techniques. It can also be concludedthat the results of sperm DNA fragmentation analysis are encouraging and useful and can beused for diagnostic purposes in determining male infertility

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major nosocomial pathogen known for its multidrug resistance, including carbapenems. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa of clinical sources and sequencing of 16S rRNA and blaOXA-50 genes Methods: A total of 53 P. aeruginosa isolates from burn, wound, urinary tract, and ear infections were analyzed. Antibiotic susceptibility testing identified carbapenem-resistant isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detected 16S rRNA and blaOXA-50 genes, followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA. Results: Among the isolates, 20 (37.73%) originated from wounds, 16 (30.19%) from burns, 10 (18.9%) from urinary tracts, and 7 (13.20%) from ears. Notably, 12 isolates (22.64%) exhibited carbapenem resistance. All carbapenem-resistant isolates harbored both 16S rRNA and blaOXA-50 genes. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated 99.66% homology to known P. aeruginosa strains, further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. The blaOXA-50 gene displayed high sequence identity (98%-100%) with isolates from Russia, suggesting a potential clonal relationship. Conclusion: A moderate prevalence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa was revealed by this study and based on 16S rRNA and blaOXA-50 genes sequencing, these strains offered a high genetic similarity compared to the global strains. Further investigation is required to determine the role of blaOXA-50 carbapenem resistance in this bacterium.

City DNA is the elements that make up the uniqueness of a city. It is formed over a long period of time and passed down from one generation to the next. Heritage or heritage that forms the uniqueness of this city is in the form of physical / objects and intangible that strengthen each other. The purpose of socializing the DNA of the City is an understanding of the uniqueness of a place that is ultimately able to provide uniqueness to a place that is a destination for tourists. For international researchers, the introduction of City DNA is a way to be able to recognize the competitive ability of a place. Using the method of field visits and discussions with local communities, it is expected to get a direct picture of the authenticity of the city which is bottom up and used as a basic perception of foreign tourists and researchers in the city of Semarang.