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The La Galigo epoch is an important literary work that depicts the deep intercultural relationship between the archipelago and China. The story, which focuses on Sawerigading's adventures, not only presents an epic story but also reflects the significant cultural, economic, and political exchanges in Southeast Asia's maritime region. Since the 7th century, the archipelago has been a vital trade route connecting various cultures, with Chinese traders playing a key role in the flow of goods and knowledge. Through the La Galigo Epos, it can be seen how elements of Chinese culture, including shipping technology, trade practices, and social values, have contributed to the development of the archipelago's cultural identity. This integration not only enriches the local culture, but also expands the social and economic horizons of the community. The relationship between the two cultures is the foundation for emerging social and governmental dynamics, demonstrating the positive impact as well as the challenges faced in complex cultural interactions. This epoch is not just a story, but also a historical document that provides important insights into the development of maritime cultural identity in Southeast Asia. By tracing the intercultural relationships established in the La Galigo Epos, we can understand how these interactions shape the region's cultural diversity and richness, as well as provide valuable lessons for future generations in preserving cultural heritage.

Crude Oil, which has long been a mainstay sector in Indonesia's exports, contributes greatly to state revenue, thus driving the pace of national economic growth. In the context of the Indonesian economy, the crude oil industry plays an indispensable role, especially over the past few decades. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the volume of Indonesia's crude oil exports to nine main destination countries—including Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, the United States, and Taiwan—in the period from 2003 to 2022. Some of the variables analyzed include exchange rates, foreign investment, production, and world oil prices. Through the regression analysis method of panel data, the results of this study indicate that simultaneously, exchange rates, foreign investment, production, and world oil prices have a significant effect on Indonesia's crude oil exports to these countries. Separately, the world exchange rate and oil price variables had a significant negative influence on Indonesia's crude oil export volume, while the foreign investment and production variables showed a positive and significant influence on export volume during the 2003-2022 research period.

This study examines the multifaceted impact of financial inclusion on industrial societies, focusing on its role in economic growth, social equity, digital transformation, and industrial development. Using a mixed-method approach combining systematic literature review and case studies from five industrial countries (Germany, South Korea, the United States, China, and Brazil), we analyze the mechanisms through which financial inclusion influences societal outcomes. Our findings reveal that financial inclusion significantly contributes to economic growth, with a 10% increase in inclusion indicators associated with a 0.2-0.7% rise in GDP growth rates. Moreover, we identify synergistic effects between financial inclusion and digital transformation, notably in mobile banking adoption. The study also highlights persistent challenges, including urban-rural divides and gender disparities in financial access. Cross-cutting themes emerge, emphasizing the importance of integrated policy approaches, regulatory innovation, and public-private partnerships in advancing financial inclusion. These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers and financial institutions in designing effective strategies to leverage financial inclusion for sustainable and equitable economic development in industrial contexts.

In Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, China, and Hong Kong, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an essential component of corporate strategy. In many countries, its effect on corporate value is a crucial concern. This study aims to summarize the impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate value. Using five international journals and the meta-analysis approach, CSR has been demonstrated to influence business value.