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This study discusses the moral conflict and guilt experienced by the Grandfather character in the short story “Robohnya Surau Kami” by A.A. Navis through Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective. The study aims to describe the forms of moral conflict, guilt, and the dynamics of id, ego, and superego that influence the psychological condition of the character. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach. The data source was the short story “Robohnya Surau Kami”, while the data consisted of narrative quotations, dialogues, and expressions indicating psychological conflict experienced by the character. Data collection techniques were conducted through reading and note-taking methods, followed by data analysis using Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The findings reveal that the Grandfather character experiences deep moral conflict after realizing that the worship he devoted throughout his life is considered meaningless because it ignores social responsibility. The dominance of the superego causes excessive guilt, anxiety, self-punishment, and psychological pressure that eventually lead to self-destructive behavior. The imbalance between id, ego, and superego also strengthens the character’s inner conflict. This study implies that literary works can represent complex human psychological conditions and demonstrates the relevance of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory in analyzing Indonesian literary works, particularly in understanding moral conflict and guilt experienced by literary characters.

This study aims to describe the intrinsic structure and analyze the psychological aspects of the main characters in the three short stories based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data sources are texts from three satua cutet in the Nimbang Rasa anthology: I Kucil by I Komang Tri Nanda Defhayana, Idup Lara by Ni Wayan Esa Juliantini, and Pajalan Keneh by Ni Putu Ayu Ari Astiti. Results show that the intrinsic structure of all three stories employs a linear plot, with themes of diligence, perseverance, and courage. Psychological analysis based on Freud's id, ego, and superego theory reveals that I Kucil is dominated by id impulses in the form of aggressive emotion due to injustice; Ani demonstrates a strong ego in withstanding social pressure and a firm superego in upholding moral values; while Gékyu shows a balance between ego and superego when facing abuse from a teacher. This research is expected to serve as a reference in Balinese literary studies, particularly in the field of literary psychology.

This study aims to analyze the short story “Siapakah Keluarga dari Tubuh yang Kacau Itu?” by Radja Sinaga using structural and moral approaches in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of its content and meaning. The structural approach is employed to examine intrinsic elements, including theme, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, language style, and message. Meanwhile, the moral approach is used to reveal the ethical values and life lessons contained in the short story. This study applies a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through library research by means of intensive reading and systematic note-taking of the text. The results show that the short story demonstrates a strong structural unity, with the main theme focusing on human suffering caused by war and the loss of family. In addition, several moral values are identified, such as humanity, familial love, criticism of violence, loss of identity, and resilience in facing suffering. The use of the second-person point of view also strengthens the reader’s emotional engagement with the story. Therefore, the combination of structural and moral approaches provides a deeper understanding of the meaning of the short story and its relevance to real-life contexts. This study is expected to enrich literary studies and enhance readers’ appreciation of literary works.

Many students find it difficult to express ideas into a complete story. Their imagination often stops halfway due to limited vocabulary, lack of understanding of story structure, and minimal practice in creative writing. The purpose of this research is to describe the profile of contextual learning on the ability to write short stories at MTs Istiqlal Jakarta, to examine the impact before the use of the contextual learning model on the ability to write short stories at MTs Istiqlal Jakarta, to examine the impact after the use of the contextual learning model on the ability to write short stories at MTs Istiqlal Jakarta, and to describe the effect of learning modules on the ability to write short stories of seventh-grade students at MTs Istiqlal Jakarta. This research uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method. The type of research used is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, namely a design that only involves one experimental group. The sample in this study consists of 25 (twenty-five students) of grade VII MTs Istiqlal Jakarta. The results of the research show that learning at MTs Istiqlal Jakarta is still dominated by the lecture method so students tend to be passive and their short story writing ability is relatively low, especially in finding ideas, developing plot, and building characters. The implementation of the contextual learning model has been proven to significantly improve students' short story writing ability through active involvement, linking material with real experiences, idea exploration, collaboration in learning communities, reflection, and more in-depth authentic assessment.

This study examine the reflection of Native american economic conditions in the 1990s as potrayed in Sherman alexie’s short story This is What It Means to say Phoenix, Arizona. As literary works often reflect social realities, this study focuses on economic struggles are represented through the experiences of the main characters, Victor and Thomas. The research employs a qualitative method with a sociology of literature approach using a Marxist perspective. The data are analyzed through a narrative examination of key events and character experiences related to economic conditions. The findings reveal tha the short story reflects persistent economic issues such as poverty, unemployment, and limited access to finansial resources, whic are rooted in historical inequality and structural marginalization. These conditions, as experienced by the characters, represent broader socio-economic realities faced by native American communities living in reservations. Therefore, this study highlights tha literary works funcition not only as artistic expressions but also as representations of social and economic realities, particulalry those of marginalized groups.

This research is motivated by the importance of studying pronouns in literary works because pronouns play a role in building cohesion and the meaning of stories. This research aims to describe the form and function of pronouns in the short stories Thank You for Today, Sad Stories on Sunday 4.0, and Uncle Gordi by Yoga Zen in the digital media of Ruang Sastra. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a morphological approach. The data source was in the form of three short stories by Yoga Zen, while the research data was in the form of words containing pronouns. The data collection technique is carried out through reading, listening, and recording techniques. The results of the study showed the existence of persona pronouns, pointer pronouns, and questioner pronouns. Persona pronouns include first, second, and third personas in the singular or plural. Pointer pronouns include general pointers, places, and concerns, while questioner pronouns include questioners people, causes, places, and circumstances. The use of pronouns in the three short stories serves to build story cohesion, strengthen the storytelling point of view, and describe the psychological condition of the characters.

Literature is not only a source of entertainment, but also a tool for contemplating human life that is full of internal conflicts and psychological issues. Short stories as a type of literature often present the realities of life in a concise yet meaningful way, making them interesting to analyze with a variety of scientific methods. This research focuses on the short story "Happiness That Kills" by applying two main approaches, namely the analysis of intrinsic elements and literary psychology. This story depicts a happy state that appears from the outside, but actually hides the emotional burden experienced by the main character, Malla. The method applied in this study is qualitative descriptive with literature study techniques, which is oriented towards the introduction of themes, plots, characters, settings, and mandates, as well as exploring the psychological dynamics of characters using Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The results of the study show that the internal conflicts in this story arise from the battle between the id, ego, and superego, especially when Malla struggles to maintain harmony in her family at the expense of herself. Overall, this short story shows that forced happiness can lead to suffering. By combining structural and psychological analysis, this study reveals the deep meaning related to social pressures, inner struggles, and humanitarian messages that the author seeks to convey. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to the study of literature, especially in understanding the relationship between story structure and the psychological condition of characters in contemporary literary works.

This study examines the short story "Click that Kills" by Taufiqurohman to reveal the position of humans in the increasingly dominating digital algorithm environment. Using a descriptive qualitative approach that focuses on structural analysis and literary psychology based on Freud's psychoanalytic theory, this study thoroughly analyzes the intrinsic elements as well as the inner conflicts of the characters. The findings of this study show that the AIDA system poses a profound existential crisis, where individual freedom is threatened due to systemic information manipulation. The characters of Dito and Genta experience a serious conflict between id, ego, and superego when dealing with the figure of "Shadow User" who is a real symbol of the shift in human dignity through raw data. In terms of structure, the storyline conveys a deep social critique of the loss of human self-control in cyberspace. This research shows that this short story is a premonious criticism of the importance of maintaining the essence of humanity in the midst of the prevalence of mechanical algorithms. The phenomenon emphasizes that digital technology can potentially alienate the moral consciousness of individuals in modern society.

Literary works are the author's reflection of real life. This paper aims to determine the intrinsic elements contained in the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" in the short story collection "A Pair of Old Shoes" by Sapardi Djoko Damono with an objective approach. The results of the study indicate that the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" has intact intrinsic elements which include theme, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, style of language, and moral. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis with an objective approach in literary works. Data analysis techniques include reading the short story, observing the short story, collecting data, describing, and drawing conclusions. The conclusion of this study is the integrity of the intrinsic elements contained in the story. The results show that this short story has intact intrinsic elements that support each other and enrich the meaning of the story. The method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with the steps of reading, observing, collecting data, describing, and drawing conclusions. This study provides a deeper understanding of how the intrinsic elements in the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" work together to form a complete and meaningful story.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

Social care values ​​are moral principles that emphasize empathy, altruism, solidarity, mutual cooperation, justice, and tolerance in social life. These values ​​form the foundation for individuals to understand the feelings of others, help selflessly, cooperate, be fair, and respect differences. This study aims to describe the representation of social care values ​​in Wattpad short stories in the family drama genre, identify the most dominant values ​​and the context in which they emerge, and explain the relevance of these findings to learning and character development in students. The study used a descriptive qualitative method because it focuses on the meaning of the text, rather than quantitative measurement. Data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques by carefully and repeatedly reading the short stories to identify sections of the text that contain social care values. Data included words, phrases, sentences, dialogue, and narratives that depict character actions, conflicts, or interactions reflecting empathy, altruism, solidarity, mutual cooperation, justice, and tolerance. All quotations were recorded on a coding sheet to organize the data systematically. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman technique, which includes data reduction, classification, and interpretation. In the reduction stage, relevant data was selected and then grouped according to social awareness value categories. Next, interpretation was conducted to explain the representation of these values ​​in the storyline and relationships between characters. 

This research aims to analyze religious and structural values in Dede Soepriatna's short story "Titah yang Berkuasa" through an integrated religious and structural approach. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with content and structural analysis techniques, this study reveals various spiritual values implicit within the narrative of this contemporary Indonesian literary work. The analysis results demonstrate fundamental religious values such as destiny (qada and qadar), tawakkal (submission to God's will), sacrifice, betrayal, and divine justice. The character Roro Oyi represents spiritual steadfastness and surrender to the Creator amidst life's trials, while King Amangkurat's character critiques the abuse of power that contradicts moral-religious principles. Structurally, the short story presents a complex plot with effectively developed central conflict, multidimensional characterization, and rich symbolism that deepens the spiritual meaning of the narrative. The research findings confirm that literature can function as an effective medium for moral and religious education without sacrificing narrative integrity. The integration of religious and structural approaches provides a holistic perspective in understanding how spiritual messages are conveyed through formal beauty, offering a literary appreciation model that harmoniously combines ethical and aesthetic dimensions.

This article explores the theme of faithfulness amid suffering through a narrative and theological analysis of Job 1:1–22, while also examining its relevance for the Christian faith today. Job is chosen as the central figure due to his portrayal in the Bible as a man who endured extreme suffering yet maintained his spiritual integrity. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, analyzing biblical texts and relevant theological literature. The study focuses on understanding suffering as a test of faith allowed by God, rather than as punishment for sin. The analysis reveals that Job is portrayed as a righteous, upright, God-fearing man who shunned evil. In Job 1:1–22, he loses all his wealth and children in a very short time, yet continues to submit to God’s will. His well-known declaration, “The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord,” affirms the depth of his faith and obedience. Job’s faithfulness is not transactional, but emerges from a pure spiritual relationship with God. Job’s story remains highly relevant for contemporary Christians. In today’s world filled with adversity, Job teaches that suffering is not necessarily a sign of wrongdoing or lack of faith, but can be a means for spiritual growth and character formation. This article affirms that true faith will remain steadfast even when tested by suffering. Thus, Job stands as an enduring example of unwavering faithfulness to God in the face of deep crisis.

This study aims to describe the form, meaning, and socio-cultural function of the register of language use in the short story Filosofi Kopi by Dee Lestari. The method used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques, Halliday's register theory, and Lotman's cultural semiotics. The results of the study show that the form of register in this short story includes words (espresso, latte, cappuccino, macchiato), nominal phrases (filosofi kopi, signature coffee, kopi tiwus), idiomatic phrases (kopi paling flirtit), and metaphors (espresso as a life without nonsense, latte as a warm hug). The meaning of the register is divided into primary meaning (literal) and secondary meaning (cultural and symbolic) which construct the values ​​of masculinity, gentleness, beauty, spirituality, and idealism of the characters. The socio-cultural functions of the register include community identity, expressive, evaluative, symbolic, narrative aesthetic, and ideological functions. This research supports Halliday's theory on the relationship between register and situational context, as well as Lotman's theory, which views literary language as a secondary modeling system that represents social and cultural realities. The results are expected to enrich the study of literary sociolinguistics and serve as authentic and contextual teaching materials for Indonesian language and literature in secondary schools.

This study aims to describe Ecocriticism and Ecological Logic of Ama Nara Short Story by Silvester Petara Hurit. This study uses an ecocritic approach with a descriptive qualitative research method. The results of the Ecocriticism and Ecological Logic research of Ama Nara Short Story by Silvester Petara Hurit are as follows, (1) nature is the highest manifestation of Lamaholot society. The ecological logic that being modern in Ama Nara's view does not have to leave nature and ancestors. Ecocriticism of the attitude of the main character of the short story, Ama Nara who is not tempted by the modern lifestyle, (2) the attachment of farmers and nature. Ama Nara's ecological logic to protect the environment, continue to care for the fertility of the soil naturally, and that is actually much more valuable. Ecocriticism lies in Ama Nara's attitude to persist in choices, and (3) empowerment of natural resources. Ama Nara's ecological logic creates a local food barn (hoku) so that food needs are met. Ecocriticism lies in Ama Nara's attitude to remain consistent in maintaining traditional life by continuing to empower existing natural resources that make her family happy.

Literary works are a medium to convey messages and values of life through unique language. One form of literary work is a short story that can be studied through a pragmatic approach. This study aims to examine the types of speech acts in the short story Batu di Pekarangan Rumah by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The data were obtained through reading and recording techniques, then analyzed based on the classification of speech acts, namely question, statement, and expressive speech acts. The results show that the main character's speech in this short story contains many questioning and expressive speech acts that reflect the emotional closeness between the character “I” and the stone that is the object of his childhood memories. The speech acts not only show the function of communication, but also imply a deep meaning of loneliness, loss, and nostalgia. This research is expected to contribute to the study of pragmatics in the analysis of literary works, especially short stories.  

Nominal derivational suffixes are important to create new words, making communication more efficient. Nominal derivational suffixes can be found in novel, short story, or even animated movie. Some previous studies have focused only on written media, which limits the exploration of the use of nominal derivational suffixes in spoken language. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying the forms and the functions of nominal derivational suffixes found in the Elemental movie. To collect the data, this study applied documentation method and concordance technique. The data collected were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The data then presented using formal and informal methods. The findings highlighted there were thirty words with nine forms of nominal suffixes. This showed how suffixes contribute to word formation, character speech, and meaning, offering insights for future studies or learners.

Digital animation technology is increasingly advancing, as evidenced by the proliferation of animated films worldwide. This is also true in Indonesia, where the production of animated films has increased significantly due to the improvement and ease of digital animation technology. One of the most important parts of the animation process is the rigging process, which involves creating a skeleton for the character or object so that it can move and appear lifelike. The rigging process in the short animated film "The Relativity Of Reality" tells the story of Rei, a young boy who discovers advanced technology from a secret organization. However, the owner of the technology comes to take it back, leading to a struggle and chase. Rei decides to escape but is cornered and a battle ensues. The characters in the film are animated using rigging techniques, utilizing the Bendy Bone feature in the Blender application. This feature is useful in creating a rigged system for characters and objects. The result of applying rigging with the Bendy Bone feature is that characters move more fluidly, not only in the legs, body, and arms but also in the face. Therefore, the use of bendy bone and facial rigging in characters will make it easier to produce animations. In addition, rigging can also be applied to other moving objects such as cars, skateboards, doors, and cabinets.

This study is motivated by the development of literature that has shifted to the digital realm, including the short story "Sepotong Senja Untuk Pacarku" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma which was republished on the website www.medium.com. The purpose of this study is to analyze the language style and point of view in the short story. This short story has a distinctive storytelling style, with the use of figurative language and poetic diction as the main attraction. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a stylistic approach and literature study techniques. The results of the analysis show that the dominant language styles in this short story include metaphor, personification, hyperbole, simile, litotes, euphemism, and epistolary. These language styles strengthen emotional expression and deepen the meaning of the story. In addition, the first person singular point of view creates a personal and intimate effect, so that the reader feels directly involved in the narrative of the character "I". This short story also shows the power of imaginative visualization in the context of cyber literature which allows the reading experience to be more interactive and reflective. This study concludes that SSUP's short story successfully utilizes the power of style and point of view to convey messages of love, longing, and existence deeply in a distinctive digital format.