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This study aims to describe the form and function of negation elements in the syntactic structure of Chairil Anwar's poetry anthology. The research method is descriptive qualitative with linguistic approach. The data sources are poetry texts by Chairil Anwar consisting of nine titles of Chairil Anwar's poems: Aku, Diponegoro, Karawang-Bekasi, Derai-Derai Cemara, Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil, Cintaku Jauh di Pulau, Hampa, Tak Sepadan and Siap Sedia. The data was collected using the documentation method, namely reading and scrutinizing the poetry texts to identify sentences that contain negation elements. The data found were then recorded and classified based on the form and location of the negation element in the syntactic structure of the sentence. Data analysis was conducted through several stages, namely: 1) identifying negation elements (all word/phrase elements containing negation elements in the poem); 2) classifying negation forms based on their types such as not, not, none, yet or don't; 3) analyzing syntactic structure (how the negation element functions in the syntactic structure, whether in predicate, subject, object or adverb; 4) interpreting the meaning and semantic and stylistic functions of negation elements in the context of the whole poem. To maintain data validity, this research uses theoretical triangulation by referring to various linguistic references (especially syntax and semantics) as well as previous studies on Chairil Anwar's poetry. In addition, data validation is done through cross-checking between readers on the results of identification and analysis. The results show that the element of negation plays a central role in shaping the syntactic structure, meaning and ideological and emotional character of his poetry. 

reference put forward by I.A. Richards where he put forward an element, namely an intrinsic element which is used as the main component in writing a poem. These intrinsic elements consist of several elements, namely physical elements and mental elements. By using a qualitative method that focuses on a text as an object, by carrying out a library study approach where we look for data through journals/articles and books in developing a problem formulation (1) how are intrinsic elements implemented in poetry?, (2) Why are intrinsic elements called elements? builder in a poem?, (3) What are the results of the analysis carried out by students in analyzing the poem Dendam by Chairil Anwar?. with research objectives to (1) find out the implementation of intrinsic elements in livelihood poetry, (2) find out how intrinsic elements are said to be building blocks in a poem, (3) find out the results of the analysis of intrinsic elements in Chairil Anwar's revenge poem.

This study examines Chairil Anwar's poem "Diponegoro" from the perspective of literary sociology, focusing on the analysis of the values ​​of struggle contained therein. This poem depicts the figure of Prince Diponegoro as a symbol of resistance against colonialism, which reflects the spirit of the Indonesian people's struggle during the colonial period. Through the approach of literary sociology according to Wellek and Warren. This analysis also pays attention to how Chairil Anwar uses the figure of Diponegoro to convey messages about courage, sacrifice, and steadfastness in fighting oppression. The results of the study show that the poem "Diponegoro" not only functions as an individual expression of the author, but also as a form of representation of the collective aspirations of the people who are fighting for independence. Thus, the values ​​of struggle in this poem have strong social relevance, illustrating the relationship between literary works and the social dynamics around them.

This research aims to analyze the inner structure in the poem "Goodbye" by Chairil Anwar, a leading poet in Indonesian literature. The poem was chosen because of its ability to arouse emotions and contain deep meaning. With the background of Chairil Anwar who lived during a time of political and social turmoil, analysis of the inner structure of this poem can provide insight into how the poet reflects his feelings towards separation in that context. The research method used is literary analysis with a qualitative approach. By understanding the imagery, symbolism and emotional tone contained in the poem "Goodbye", this research tries to explore the feelings implied behind Chairil Anwar's words. The findings from this analysis reveal the depth of emotion and sadness in the poem, as well as the way the poet expresses his feelings through beautiful and poetic language. The implication of this research is to broaden understanding of Indonesian literary works and the richness they contain. Analysis of the inner structure of the poem "Goodbye" can contribute to appreciating the literary value and beauty of the poet's expression, as well as enriching the interpretation of Indonesian literary works as a whole.

Poetry is one of the most popular literary works in the world of literature, both in Indonesia and level in the world. Many people find it difficult to understand the poem correctly and correctly. Because, to understand poetry is not as easy to understand scientific writing. In poetry, not using language as in scientific writing, but many use words  that contain  multiple meanings.  Translating poetry,  between someone  with another,  may result differently. This, depending on the point of view of each. In fact, to be able to understand and interpret poetry  well,  at least  must understand  the two  elements that  build poetry,  namely intrinsic  elements, and extrinsic works of literature. This review attempts to look at: (1). Is there an atmosphere of past memories in Chairil Anwar’s poetry? (2). Is there any benefit to Chairil Anwar’s poems for education and teaching? The results of this study shows that the poems of Chairil have various memories of the past, and the poems of Chairil  have benefits  for  education and  teaching.  To  prove  the results  of  this study,  the reviewers  used qualitative  analysis,  an analysis  using  thinking  logic, and  socio-cultural  approach  in  interpreting literary works.

The importance of calculating production costs to determine selling prices, especially for MSMEs today. In the current era of MSME bussiness environment, there are increasingly more competitors In marketing. For this reason, there is a need for method the cost of product orders. Determining this price effectively requires a good understanding of the cost order. In this research, the research method uses qualitative. The aim of the research is to find out the calculation of brownies production costs using the cost price method ordered by MSMEs iffa cookies in order to determine the selling price. The entity is still using the simple method, not yet using The order method. The results show that there is a difference regarding the production costs of MSME Iffa Cookies are IDR 260,975 and the production costs resulting from the researcher’s analysis of IDR 300,975. This also shows that using the cost order method is correct in determining the price for selling products.  

A literary work is a written or oral work that is conveyed using language as the main medium, which is a person's expression created based on thoughts, experiences, opinions and feelings. Poetry is a form of literary art that combines the beauty of language, emotion and imagination to express feelings and ideas in depth. Poetry contains the author's emotions and experiences that remain imprinted in memory. Poetry has hidden meanings wrapped in rhyming language so it is more interesting to read. The author is interested in analyzing the poem "Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil" by Chairil Anwar, because the poem is formed with a straightforward language but has a broad meaning and contains many moral messages in the poem. The aim of this research is to find out the moral message in Chairil Anwar's poetry and to improve the author's understanding of the pragmatic approach. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method that analyzes and explains the moral message of the poem "Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil" by Chairil Anwar using observation studies. The pragmatic approach is an approach to literary criticism that wants to show readers' impressions and acceptance of literary works. Based on the results of the analysis of the poem "Sunja di Pelabuhan Kecil" it can be concluded that this poem contains a moral message about sincerity in accepting a loss and not dwelling on sadness.    

A literary work is a written or oral work that is conveyed using language as the main medium, which is a person's expression created based on thoughts, experiences, opinions and feelings. Poetry is a form of literary art that combines the beauty of language, emotion and imagination to express feelings and ideas in depth. Poetry contains the author's emotions and experiences that remain imprinted in memory. Poetry has hidden meanings wrapped in rhyming language so it is more interesting to read. The author is interested in analyzing the poem "Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil" by Chairil Anwar, because the poem is formed with a straightforward language but has a broad meaning and contains many moral messages in the poem. The aim of this research is to find out the moral message in Chairil Anwar's poetry and to improve the author's understanding of the pragmatic approach. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method that analyzes and explains the moral message of the poem "Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil" by Chairil Anwar using observation studies. The pragmatic approach is an approach to literary criticism that wants to show readers' impressions and acceptance of literary works. Based on the results of the analysis of the poem "Sunja di Pelabuhan Kecil" it can be concluded that this poem contains a moral message about sincerity in accepting a loss and not dwelling on sadness.    

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna-makna yang terdapat dalam puisi “Doa” karya Chairil Anwar,khususnya makna ketuhanan.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pemaknaan terhadap puisi akan membuka segala aspek bangun dari teks puisi tersebut. Aspek bangun puisi terdiri atas beragam komponen bahasa yang menjadi bagian integral dalam teks puisi. Secara struktur, puisi dapat dipahami melalui berbagai komponen pembentuknya, seperti: diksi,citraan,majas,bunyi,dan tema. Komponen-komponen tersebut yang nantinya akan menemukan makna tersembunyi di dalamnya.

Karya sastra merupakan wujud dari hasil pemikiran manusia yang dapat menimbulkan rasa indah terhadap orang yang membacanya maupun yang merasakannya. Puisi adalah luapan ekspresi dari sebuah emosional jiwa manusia. Puisi mempunyai sifat unik, karena diciptakan melalui imajinasi serta berisi pengalaman terdalam dari pengarangnya yang dianalogikan kedalam bahasa yang indah. Kata-kata dalam puisi mungkin terlihat sederhana namun sukar diartikan, maknanyapun bahkan sangat luas. Untuk memahami makna puisi pembaca perlu mengaitkan puisi dengan riwayat pengarang, serta kondisi pengarang yang menjadi konteks penciptaan karya yang diciptakannya. Peneliti merasakan ada banyak diksi yang sukar untuk diuraikan, pertama puisi "Derai-Derai Cemara" mencerminkan kehidupan manusia dengan pohon cemara, hal tersebut menjadi latar belakang dalam penelitian ini, sehingga peneliti akan membedah puisi “Derai – Derai Cemara” karya Chairil Anwar sebagai objek penelitian untuk mengetahui makna puisi yang disampaikan pengarang melalui pendekatan mimetik. Peneliti akan memaparkan puisi tersebut dengan pemahaman peneliti terhadap pendekatan mimetik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengetahui makna dari puisi “Derai – Derai Cemara” karya Chairil Anwar, serta untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dari pendekatan mimetik. Tentunya penelitian ini akan meningkatkan kemampuan menganalisis puisi, memberikan pengalaman, serta menambah referensi untuk para pembaca jika mendapat kesulitan ketika menganalisis puisi.