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Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is largely caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly types 16 and 18. The development of this cancer is influenced by the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which disrupt the function of p53 and Rb proteins, as well as the involvement of cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR. Limitations of conventional therapies, such as resistance and side effects, drive the need for more targeted and selective therapeutic agents. This study aims to analyze the main molecular targets of cervical cancer and the medicinal chemistry approaches used in its therapeutic development. The method involved a review of 12 open access articles using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, QSAR, and network pharmacology approaches. The findings identified two main target groups: viral targets comprising the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins, and cellular targets including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, EGFR, PARP1, CDK1, and VEGFR. Various medicinal chemistry strategies, from structure-based and ligand-based drug design to multi-target network pharmacology approaches, proved effective in identifying potential inhibitor candidates. Bioactive compounds such as quercetin, gossypol, bixin, and rutin demonstrated stable interactions with these targets. However, further experimental validation is needed to support the development of clinically effective and safe therapies.

Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women in Indonesia. Early detection through Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is an effective and feasible screening method at the primary health care level. However, the coverage of VIA screening among women of reproductive age (WRA) remains low. Knowledge is considered an important predisposing factor that may influence women’s motivation to undergo VIA screening. This study aimed to analyze the association between cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening among women of reproductive age. This study employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 105 women of reproductive age were recruited using consecutive sampling at the Payangan Community Health Center, Gianyar Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected using validated and reliable structured questionnaires measuring cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening. Univariate analysis was performed to describe respondent characteristics, while bivariate analysis using the chi-square test was applied to examine the association between knowledge and motivation at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that 61.9% of respondents had good knowledge of cervical cancer, while 52.4% demonstrated low motivation to undergo VIA screening. A statistically significant association was found between cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening (p = 0.043). Women with higher levels of knowledge tended to have greater motivation to participate in VIA screening. In conclusion, cervical cancer knowledge is significantly associated with motivation to undergo VIA screening among women of reproductive age. These findings suggest that strengthening health education interventions at primary health care facilities is essential to enhance motivation and increase participation in early cervical cancer detection programs.

The background of this research is based on Cervical cancer, a disease that poses a serious threat to women's health in Indonesia. Early detection through prevention programs such as IVA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) is a crucial step in reducing the number of cervical cancer cases. In this effort, an effective communication strategy from the Pasar Minggu District Health Center plays a very important role. This study focuses on the prevention program and communication strategies implemented at the Pasar Minggu District Health Center. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive study method. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews with Health Center officers, observations of socialization activities, and documentation. The results show that the communication strategies implemented by the Pasar Minggu District Health Center include informative, educational, and persuasive communication strategies. The Health Center utilizes various communication channels such as social media and direct counseling. Obstacles faced include low levels of public health literacy, stigma against IVA examinations, and limited human resources.

Refusal of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) examination remains a major challenge in cervical cancer early detection, particularly among women of reproductive age. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing refusal of VIA examination among women of reproductive age in Beringin Jaya Village, Oba Tengah District. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 74 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing educational level, knowledge, information, and the role of health workers. Data analysis included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis using ordinal logistic regression.The results showed that most respondents refused or hesitated to undergo VIA examination. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that educational level, information, and the role of health workers were associated with refusal of VIA examination, while knowledge level showed a tendency toward association. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only the role of health workers had a statistically significant effect on refusal of VIA examination. Educational level, knowledge, and information were not significant predictors after adjustment.These findings indicate that service-related factors, particularly the role of health workers, are more influential than individual factors in shaping decisions regarding VIA examination. Strengthening health workers’ roles through effective communication and interpersonal counseling is essential to improve VIA examination uptake.

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that grows in the cervix caused by infection with the Human Papilloma Virus, acquired through sexual intercourse. Indonesia ranks 8th in the highest incidence of cancer in Southeast Asia, the highest prevalence of cancer is Yogyakarta Province where Sleman Regency ranks the highest IVA positive at 2.5% and Halis IVA at the Pakem Health Center is suspected of cervical cancer reaching 13 out of 22 positive IVA results. This achievement is still very low, because there is still low public awareness to carry out early detection of cervical cancer. To determine the relationship between attitude and behavior for early detection of cervical cancer. Quantitative research with a Case Control approach. A sample of 160 women with a proportional sampling technique. Data collection was in the form of filling out questionnaires online using Google Forms with chi square test data analysis and logistic regression. There was a relationship between positive attitude p-value=0.017 and OR of 3.462, women aged >35 years p- value=0.038, multipara parity p-value=0.007, with early detection behavior of cervical cancer. Parity provided a great chance of 7,038 times that women performed early detection behaviors of cervical cancer (CT 95%= 0.187-264,350). To improve early detection examinations, health workers can design health education and promotion models, increase educational socialization to cadres, the public and the community continuously and sustainably.

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of death among women, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. This disease is largely preventable through early detection efforts; however, low levels of knowledge and awareness among women of reproductive age often hinder them from undergoing routine screening. Limited information leads to most new cases being diagnosed at advanced stages, thereby lowering treatment success rates and increasing the public health burden. This study aimed to analyze the differences in knowledge among mothers at Yayasan Harapan Anak Indonesia, North Jakarta, regarding early detection of cervical cancer before and after receiving health education using leaflets. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 40 reproductive-age women selected using total sampling. A structured questionnaire was used as the research instrument, covering questions about the definition, risk factors, symptoms, and early detection methods of cervical cancer. The intervention was carried out through a lecture accompanied by leaflet distribution, which provided concise, clear, attractive, and easy-to-understand information. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to evaluate differences in mean scores before and after the intervention. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 57.69 in the pretest to 88.08 in the posttest. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between pre- and post-intervention. The study concludes that health education using leaflets is effective in improving mothers’ knowledge about cervical cancer early detection. Health workers are recommended to expand educational coverage using simple printed media as a sustainable strategy for prevention, to enhance community awareness more broadly, and ultimately to reduce cervical cancer incidence.

VIA is a simple test. The VIA test is a method for early detection of cervical cancer by applying 3-5% acetic acid or vinegar. It has a 96% accuracy rate; abnormal areas will turn white. If there is no color change, it can be assumed that there is no cervical infection. This VIA test is important for fertile couples, including preconception women with PUS. To determine the relationship between knowledge and family role with compliance with VIA testing in preconception women with PUS at the Ajangale Community Health Center (UPT). This study used an observational research method with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all PUS women aged 20-35 years at the UPT Ajangale Community Health Center. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique, obtaining 30 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The collected data were then processed and analyzed using the SPSS statistical program and analyzed using the chi-square test. The study showed a relationship between compliance with VIA testing and two variables studied: knowledge (p=0.000) and family role (0.000). Compliance with VIA testing in preconceptional women with PUS is influenced by both knowledge and family role. This study focused on preconception women with PUS at the Ajangale Community Health Center, aiming to understand the factors that influence their compliance with VIA testing. By analyzing the relationship between knowledge and family role with VIA compliance, the study highlights the importance of educating women about the benefits of early cervical cancer detection and the pivotal role families play in supporting health-seeking behaviors.

According to Pathological Based Registration data in Indonesia, breast cancer ranks first with a relative frequency of 18.6%. In Central Java Province, the number of cancer cases has increased significantly over time. In 2010, there were 13,277 cases of cancer, and in 2015 this number increased to 18,954 cases. Of these, 6,899 cases were cervical cancer (35.13%), while 9,542 cases were breast cancer. One of the early detection methods of breast cancer that is easy to do independently is a breast self-examination or known as Sadari. The application of this Sadari method can help women to be more sensitive to changes in their breasts so that the risk of delays in cancer treatment can be minimized. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the demonstration method compared to video media in increasing adolescents' motivation to practice the Sadari method. The type of research used is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling, with research instruments in the form of questionnaires consisting of items that are favorable and unfavorable. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate methods to determine the difference in motivation between the experimental groups. The results showed that in the group of the Sadari motivation experiment with video treatment, the significance value obtained was p = 0.000. The same was also shown in the group with the demonstration treatment, with a significance value of p = 0.000. Furthermore, the results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant value of 0.002. Since p < 0.05 (p = 0.002), it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in Sadari motivation between the video group and the demonstration. The average motivation score of the demonstration group (36.00) was higher than that of the video group (25.00), so the demonstration method was stated to be more effective in increasing Sadari's motivation.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, after cervical cancer. To date, breast cancer treatment still faces various challenges, particularly in terms of effectiveness and therapy-related side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments that are safer and more effective are needed, one of which is through the use of natural ingredients such as soursop leaves (Annona muricata). This review article aims to examine the potential of soursop leaf extract in slowing the growth of breast cancer cells. Several studies have shown that soursop leaf extract contains active compounds such as acetogenin, which are known to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and block the formation of new blood vessels (anti-angiogenesis) in cancer tissues. These bioactive compounds make soursop leaves a promising candidate for natural anticancer agents. Thus, soursop leaf extract may be considered as a complementary therapy in the management of breast cancer.

Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem globally, including in Indonesia. This disease ranks fourth as the most common cancer in women in the world, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. Analyzing the current condition of cervical cancer in Indonesia including prevalence, risk factors, impacts, prevention efforts, and treatment based on data to provide a comprehensive picture of the situation of cervical cancer in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is defined as a malignant tumor in the cervix that attacks the epithelial layer and has the potential to spread. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. In addition, several supporting risk factors include risky sexual behavior, long-term use of oral contraceptives, smoking habits, nutritional deficiencies (especially vitamins C, E, and folic acid), and poor personal hygiene. The Indonesian government has attempted to identify the disease early through the Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (IVA) method used for early detection of cervical cancer in women aged 30 to 50 years. However, community participation in this program still needs to be improved sustainably. Treatment for cervical cancer can include surgery (eg cryosurgery, LEEP, hysterectomy), radiation, and chemotherapy. Cervical cancer remains a major health challenge in Indonesia. Improved education programs, participation in early detection of IVA, and strengthening of the health system as a whole are needed to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality caused by this disease.

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality among women, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, where prevalence is high and early detection is often delayed. This study aims to identify and synthesize the major risk factors for cervical cancer through a systematic review of both national and international literature. The core problem addressed is the lack of a comprehensive and context-relevant risk framework for Indonesian women, resulting in suboptimal preventive interventions. The proposed method is a qualitative descriptive literature review, analyzing 15 selected scientific articles based on defined inclusion criteria. Key findings indicate that age ≥35 years, high parity, early sexual activity, smoking habits, prolonged use of hormonal contraceptives, low educational attainment, and physically demanding occupations are significant determinants of increased cervical cancer risk. The synthesis of ideas shows that biological, behavioral, social, and environmental factors interact in complex ways to influence vulnerability to cervical cancer. This study concludes that cervical cancer prevention requires a multidimensional approach that integrates education, routine screening, and increased public awareness of modifiable risk factors. The findings are expected to inform more effective and context-sensitive health policy development in Indonesia.

Cervical cancer is a deadly disease and ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women, according to the World Health Organization. In Indonesia, it is the second most prevalent cancer affecting women. Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is an early screening method to detect cervical cancer, yet its coverage remains low in several areas of East Java. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge and VIA screening behavior among women of reproductive age in the working area of Kowel Public Health Center. The study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 70 respondents were selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing both knowledge and VIA screening behavior. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. The results showed that 38 respondents had good knowledge, while 32 had poor knowledge. The chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.494 (p > 0.05) and a prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.684. These results indicate no significant relationship between knowledge and VIA screening behavior. However, respondents with good knowledge were 1.684 times more likely to undergo VIA screening than those with poor knowledge. It is recommended that the Kowel Health Center enhance its educational efforts through more engaging and creative counseling methods using media tools such as brochures, leaflets, posters, and animated videos, delivered both directly and via social media, to attract public interest.

Background: Early detection of cervical cancer includes an IVA examination or Pap smear. This test is used to identify cervical cancer and in Islam it is also recommended to maintain (hifdz an-nafsa), namely maintaining reproductive health related to offspring (hifdz an-nasl). The aim of this research is to determine the effect of sharia-based audiovisual education on knowledge, behavior and attitudes towards preventing cervical cancer. Purpose: to determine the effect of sharia-based audiovisual education on knowledge, behavior and attitudes towards preventing cervical cancer. Method: This type of research uses quantitative with a quasi-experimental research design in the form of one-group without control and this research uses an accidental sampling technique with 41 respondents. Data was taken before and after the intervention was given and then analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test research showed that z knowledge calculation was -5.667, behavior -4.583, and attitude calculation -5.831 with an asym.sig value of 0.000. This shows that the p value <0.05 was a difference after the pre-test and post-test of providing audiovisual education. Conclision : There is an influence of providing audiovisual education on knowledge, behavior, attitudes, prevention of cervical cancer with early detection in the working area of ​​the Tlogosari Kulon Health Center, Semarang.

Globally, cervical cancer was the fourth most common cancer among women, with low screening coverage contributing to the high number of cases diagnosed at an advanced stage. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing women's compliance with cervical cancer screening through IVA or Pap smear examinations. The research employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 112 respondents, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive frequency tests, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis.The results showed a significant relationship between several factors and women's compliance with early cervical cancer detection, including age (p=0.000), occupation (p=0.002), the number of children born (parity) (p=0.000), general health condition (p=0.018), distance to healthcare facilities (p=0.006), level of knowledge (p=0.021), family support (p=0.011), and the role of healthcare workers (p=0.000). However, education (p=0.104) did not show a significant relationship. Based on the multiple logistic regression analysis, the most influential factor affecting women's compliance with early cervical cancer detection was age (p=0.045).

Breast self-examination (BSE) is learning to see and examine your own breasts every month (Rasjidi, 2021). The main goal of BSE is to find breast cancer at an early stage so that treatment can be better. Lack of understanding or lack of information about breast cancer and steps to prevent early detection causes many women to be less or less interested in having this examination. Breast cancer is the cancer with the second highest prevalence after cervical cancer in Central Java in 2021, namely cervical cancer at 1.2% or the equivalent of 19,734 people and breast cancer at 0.7% or the equivalent of 11,511 people. Based on the preliminary study conducted, the results showed that of the 10 questions about BSE at SMA 5 Tegal, 6 out of 10 respondents answered that they did not know or had a low understanding of BSE, while the other 4 respondents indicated sufficient understanding about BSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate SMA 5 Tegal students' understanding of the importance of breast self-examination (BSE) in early detection of breast cancer. The research method that will be used in this research is a quantitative approach with a cross sectional design. The population of this research was 117 female students of SMA 5 Tegal class XI (adolescent girls), with sampling using the total sample. The results of this research show that the majority of respondents have a good understanding of BSE, namely 89 respondents (76.1%), where this respondent's understanding is obtained from good knowledge about BSE, knowing the correct BSE examination techniques.

This study aims to examine and analyze empirically the influence of self esteem and self confidence on psychological well being cervical cancer patient post hysterectomy at RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. The method used in this research is quantitative research while the data collection technique is done through observation, interview and questionnaires. The research design method was cross sectional and the sample size was 100 respondents using accidental sampling technique. The data of this study were collected with self esteem scale, self confidence scale and psychological well being scale with a Likert scale model. Self report technique is used in collecting instrumen data. The data collected was analyzed with a multiple regression test with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program 20.0 for Windows. The results of the research showed the influence of self esteem and self confidence on psychological well being is very significant, so that the level of psychological well being patient can be seen from level self esteem and self confidence. The recomendation from this study is that respondents can maintain and increase self esteem and self confidence to improve psychological well being.

Cervical cancer remains a major health problem with a high proportion of diagnoses in advanced stages. At the Gayamsari Community Health Center, IVA and HPV DNA tests are implemented as primary screening to prevent cervical cancer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the IVA test and HPV DNA in early detection of cervical cancer. The approach in this research is qualitative with a case study type. This subject selection was carried out on women who had previously had sexual relations and were vulnerable to HIV exposure at the Gayamsari Community Health Center. The methods used to collect data are observation, interviews and documentation.

Background: A malignant tumor known as cervical cancer attacks the female reproductive organs around the vaginal mucosa and the cervical canal mucus, also known as the lower part between the vagina and the uterus. Those diagnosed with cervical cancer must receive a variety of treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or multitherapy. The study evaluated the correlation between treatment and sexual function in patients with cervical cancer at Dr. Kariadi's Hospital in Semarang. This cross-sectional research used consecutive sampling to collect samples from 69 participants from March to April 2024. This study used a questionnaire from the Women's Sexual Function Index. (FSFI). The research results showed that of the 69 respondents, the age group that experienced the most sexual dysfunction was 46-55 years old, with 24 respondents (34.8%), the most common treatment for cervical cancer patients was multitherapy treatment with 49 respondents (71%) , and respondents who experienced sexual dysfunction were 64 respondents (92.8%).The results found a significant correlation between treatment and sexual function in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer. The p-value is 0.004 (p < 0.05), and the correlation coefficient is 0.342, indicating an insignificant correlation. Research suggests that interventions can improve the sexual function of cervical cancer patients.

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia. Cancer has a high mortality rate caused by delays in diagnosis and treatment. Nearly 70% of cancer patients are detected at an advanced stage. This is very unfortunate, because cervical cancer can be found at a stage before cancer occurs (precancerous lesions) which can be treated so that it does not become cancer. The early detection program for cervical cancer in Indonesia is carried out using the Acetic Acid Visual Inspection (IVA) method carried out by trained health workers. In three years (2020-2022), as many as 3,914,885 women aged 30-50 years or 9.3% of the target have undergone early detection of cervical cancer using the IVA method. The highest early detection of targets has undergone early detection of cervical cancer using the IVA method. Early detection was reported by West Nusa Tenggara Province at 34.1%, followed by South Sumatra at 33.5%, and Bangka Belitung Islands at 27.8%. Meanwhile, the province with the lowest early detection coverage is Papua at 0.1%, followed by West Papua at 0.4%, and North Sulawesi at 0.7%. In 2022, of the 2,175,314 women aged 30-50 years who had early detection of cervical cancer, 7,869 (0.36%) had positive VIA examination results and 1,232 (0.06%) were suspected of cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is very dangerous because it can result in death, so it needs serious attention. One of the efforts to prevent cervical cancer in women of fertile age (WUS) is by conducting a visual inspection of acetic acid (IVA) test. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the low number of IVA examinations at the Margorejo Pati Community Health Center. Cervical cancer is the fourth highest cancer in women with an estimated 570,000 new cases in 2018 which represents 6.6% of all female cancers. The high mortality rate from cervical cancer globally can be reduced through prevention, early diagnosis, effective screening and treatment programs. As of 2016, VIA coverage in Indonesia was 4.34%, which is still far from the national target of 10% at the end of 2015. In Indonesia, cervical cancer is still the cancer with the second largest number of sufferers after breast cancer. The incidence of new cases of cervical cancer according to GLOBOCAN data, 2018 for women in Indonesia is around 32,469 cases (17.2%) with a death rate of 18,279 (8.8%). The Global Burden of Cancer Study (Globocan) from the World Health Organization (WHO) noted that the total cancer cases in Indonesia in 2020 reached 396,914 cases and the total deaths were 234,511 cases. According to the Indonesian Cancer Foundation (YKI), one of the causes of the high number of cancer cases in Indonesia is environmental conditions that continue to produce carcinogens, such as cigarettes, processed meat, etc. Other causes that also influence include the habit of staying up late, lack of exercise, and eating too much. As a form of cancer prevention and control in Indonesia, especially breast cancer and cervical cancer, the Ministry of Health has made several efforts such as early detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer in women aged 30-50 years using the Visual Inspection method with Acetic Acid (IVA).