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This community service activity aims to improve the ability of farmers in East Singkawang Regency to prepare simple and structured financial reports. Prior to the activity, most farmers had not maintained regular financial records, thus experiencing difficulties in identifying production costs, revenue, and profitability. The implementation method included socialization of farm financial management, training in preparing simple financial reports, and intensive mentoring. This activity involved 20 farmers as community service partners. Evaluation was conducted through comparing conditions before and after the activity using pre- and post-test instruments and observing financial record keeping results. The results showed a 45% increase in farmers' understanding of financial reporting concepts, as well as a 50% increase in their ability to prepare simple profit and loss and cash flow statements. Furthermore, 83% of participants were able to record business transactions independently and sustainably after the mentoring activity. The implementation of simple financial reports also helped farmers identify production cost structures and determine business plans for the next planting season. This community service activity contributed to strengthening the application of financial management in farming businesses and supported increased transparency, efficiency, and economic sustainability for farmers in East Singkawang Regency.

This research is motivated by the importance of financial management, especially financial accounting, as the key to company sustainability, however, it was found that CV. Rensa Wallpaper, although it has made financial reports (Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Statement), its implementation is not in accordance with SAK ETAP and there is no urgency to make other reports (such as equity change reports and cash flow reports). The type of research used is a case study research using a qualitative method, namely a method that collects, compiles, interprets, and analyzes data to solve the problems faced. While the research approach used is a descriptive approach. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Overall, the results of the study indicate that although CV. Rensa Wallpaper carries out financial management that includes four basic elements (Planning, Organizing, Directing, and Controlling), the implementation of its financial reporting is still incomplete and not fully in accordance with SAK ETAP due to the incompleteness of the reports presented (there is no Statement of Changes in Equity and Cash Flow Statement) and the existence of account items that are not presented in the Balance Sheet.

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) play a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, serving as key drivers of inclusive economic growth and major contributors to employment creation. Despite their importance, many UMKM operators continue to face significant challenges in financial management, particularly due to the absence of structured and systematic financial record-keeping practices. This condition is also evident among UMKM in Kuning Gading Village, Unit XVIII Kuamang Kuning, where most businesses are still managed in a traditional manner with inadequate bookkeeping systems. This community service program aims to enhance financial literacy and strengthen the capacity of UMKM actors to implement simple bookkeeping as a foundation for effective business financial management. The methods employed include needs assessment through field observation, educational and practical training sessions, hands-on mentoring, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test instruments. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and skills related to transaction recording, separation of business and personal finances, and preparation of simple cash flow statements. Evaluation outcomes show an increase in competency scores from an initial range of 20%–40% to 75%–85% after the training. Furthermore, the program fostered a positive shift in participants’ mindset toward more professional and accountable business management practices. Therefore, the implementation of simple bookkeeping is proven to be an effective initial strategy for strengthening MSME financial governance and supporting sustainable business development at the local level.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of financial reporting and evaluate the economic performance of Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dan Pembiayaan Syariah (KSPPS) Nur Insani during the period from 2022 to 2023. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing secondary data from the Statement of Financial Position, Cash Flow Statement, and Operating Results Report published by the cooperative. The findings indicate that KSPPS Nur Insani has implemented a computerized financial recording system, which enhances accuracy, transparency, and operational efficiency. However, the cooperative experienced significant financial pressure in 2023, as indicated by decreases in cash and cash equivalents, total assets, and temporary syirkah funds, both short-term and long-term. These declines reflect weakened liquidity and reduced fundraising capacity from members. Despite these challenges, the cooperative succeeded in increasing its Net Operating Results (SHU), demonstrating effective revenue management and operational cost control. Overall, the profitability of KSPPS Nur Insani remains positive, yet strategic improvements are necessary, particularly in strengthening liquidity management, increasing funding sources, optimizing asset utilization, and enhancing digital system implementation to support better financial governance. These strategic efforts are expected to improve business sustainability and maintain member trust in the future.

This study examines the application of Financial Accounting Standards Statement 45 on Financial Reporting of Non-Profit Entities at the Istiqomah Foundation, which operates in the education sector. Non-profit organizations, especially educational foundations, require an accountable financial reporting system to maintain stakeholder trust. The purpose of this study is to analyze the conformity of the Istiqomah Foundation's accounting practices with PSAK 45 standards and to identify obstacles encountered in its implementation. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that the Istiqomah Foundation has prepared a statement of financial position and activity report, but there are still deficiencies in the presentation of the cash flow statement and notes to the financial statements. The classification of net assets is not fully in accordance with the provisions of PSAK 45, which distinguishes between permanently restricted, temporarily restricted, and unrestricted net assets. The main obstacles found include limited human resources who understand non-profit accounting and the absence of an adequate computerized accounting system. The study recommends the need for non-profit accounting training for foundation financial managers and the development of an accounting information system that is appropriate to the characteristics of non-profit educational entities.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preparation of foundation financial statements by KJA XYZ using automatic Microsoft Excel and assess its compliance with ISAK 335. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The analysis was carried out descriptively, by presenting the results of data management in narrative form. The results of the study indicate that the preparation of foundation financial statements by KJA XYZ using Microsoft Excel is in accordance with ISAK 335, which includes financial position statements, comprehensive income statements, net asset change statements, cash flow statements, and notes to the financial statements. The use of Microsoft Excel has been proven to simplify and increase the accuracy of recording.

This research aims to identify the nature of the cash flow statement, methods of preparing it and its indicators. Identify the nature of profitability and explain its indicators, shed light on the topic of predicting the financial distress of economic units, the causes of distress and ways to treat it, and use cash flow and profitability indicators to help predict the financial distress of Iraqi industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in the second and third years preceding the financial distress. The research community is represented by the industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which number (21) companies until January 2023, while the study sample is the Iraqi Engineering Works Company in order to apply the current research in it. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which was that the increase in cases of financial distress to which Iraqi industrial companies are exposed is due to the lack of instructions or directives specific to the industrial sector and the failure to use financial indicators through quantitative methods and methods to predict financial distress before it occurs, and to determine what the financial position will be in the future.

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of liquidity of PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk using cash flow statement analysis. The population of this study is the annual financial statements of PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk from 2021 to 2023. The example used in this study is the cash flow statement from 2021 to 2023. The results of the study show that changes in the three-year cash flow statement affect the company's cash flow position. In 2023, the company's operating activities increased, but in 2021–2022 they fell to a negative value. In 2023, the company's operating activities only increased, but were still negative. In 2021–2023, investment activities also decreased in value due to a decrease in loans for the purchase of fixed assets, expansion of production facilities, and expansion of biological assets. In addition, fundraising activities continued to decline, with the largest decline occurring between 2021 and 2023. The company has been illiquid for the past three years, according to its liquidity measurement with its cash ratio. Due to the inability to provide cash and cash equivalents, current liabilities then increased. The current industry standard is well below the cash ratio. This value will exceed the industry standard for the first time in 2022, indicating that the company is able to pay its short-term debt this year.

The percentage of Adequacy Flows Cash Operational and indicator Activity Operational and revenue on assets from the flow are two examples of cash flow events that help improve the quality of financial reporting. The research attempts to address the theoretical framework of the cash flow statement. According to the following premise, cash flow metrics have the potential to improve the quality of financial reporting. The Iraqi General Tax Authority for 2022 and 2023 serves as the study sample. The study came to several results, chief among them being that the cash flow list can offer Since these measures express the continuity of cash flows for the research sample, they would help improve the quality of financial reporting by measuring the quality of the sample's profits in a way that improves performance and is consistent with the variables supplementary the contemporary business environment for the research sample related to the Iraqi General Tax Authority.

The research aimed to Emphasise the significance of the statement of cash flows developed by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Understand the concept of documented accounting information and Highlighting financial fraud and how to minimize it. The research problem was as follows from the fact that the financial statements, which do not contain the basic characteristics of accounting information, including reliability, will reduce the degree of reliance on them, which affects those lists prepared by financial institutions (banks) operating in Iraq that not taking into account the preparation of the cash flow statement will inevitably reduce the reliability of accounting information, resulting in misleading accounting outputs that will be a door to financial fraud in its various forms. Hence, the main research problem is the following question: Does enhancing the reliability of accounting information according to the preparation of the cash flow statement reduce financial fraud? The research reached many conclusions, the most important of which are International accounting standards can be said to be a written statement issued by an authorized body aimed at unifying and coordinating accounting treatments and policies to reach unified results for a set of financial transactions for ease of comparisons and understanding by the relevant parties. The statement of cash flows works to provide historical changes in financial institutions and others through and for a specific period of time and these flows are either operational, investment or financing for their various activities. The research reached many recommendations, the most important of which are: Emphasis on the different economic units to prepare a statement of cash flows because of the information it provides on historical changes in the different economic units and their quality, whether operational, investment or financing.

Presentation of financial statements is an accounting standard that will explain the components of a financial report, fair presentation, as well as the fundamental accounting concepts, disclosure policies, as well as the structure and content of financial reports. The characteristics in the presentation of financial statements are fair presentation and compliance with PSAK, maintaining business, accrual basis, materiality and aggregation, offsetting, frequency of reporting, comparative information, and presentation consistency. There are several components of the financial statements presented, namely the statement of financial position, income statement, cash flow statement, statement of changes in equity, and notes to the financial statements. Corporate governance is a company's internal control system whose main objective is to manage significant risks to fulfil its business objectives through safeguarding company assets and increasing shareholder investment value in the long term. A company must also apply the principles of corporate governance, there are five principles that must be applied, namely the principle of transparency, the principle of accountability, the principle of responsibility, the principle of independence, and the principle of fairness.

Liquidity issues are important in maintaining the smooth operation of the company as well as in short-term and emergency needs as well as the growth function (investment) to develop owned assets in accordance with the expectations desired by the company. Information about budgeted cash flows can produce relevant information, because from this cash flow it can be known the need for the company's operations from the source of the recipient. Given the large number of cash receipts and disbursements managed, a list is needed that contains all cash inflows and cash outflows presented in the form of a cash flow statement. The results of the discussion concluded that cash management plays a role in the liquidity of CV. PSP Group, this can be proven from the results of research by calculating liquidity with the Current Ratio, Cash Ratio, and Quick Ratio, where the calculation results for 1 year, namely from January to December 2021 the calculation results for the liquidity ratio are > 1 as much as 75%, where with the existence of good cash management will have a positive impact, which means the application of cash management at CV. PSP Group is better, on company liquidity and financial conditions with a liquidity ratio of < 1 of 25%, which means that future conditions need to be improved in cash management to make it even better because there are still conditions that cash management in 2021 is not liquid or in the sense that CV. From July to September, the PSP Group was unable to pay its current debts in a timely manner, which resulted in obstacles to the company's payment of employee salaries and other important company expenses.

The research question concerns the cash flow ratio as a measure of the company's financial success at PT. Astra Indonesia Tbk during 2018 - 2021. This research aims to examine PT. Astra International Tbk's cash flow ratio as a measure of the company's financial performance for the period 2018-2021. The research methodology employed in this method is descriptive quantitative research, or research techniques that describe data as numerical values. This research provided use of secondary data, mainly information gathered from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange's records or archives. In 2018-2021, a ratio of operating cash flow to current obligations less than one indicates that the situation is not favorable. In 2018-2019, a ratio of operating cash flow to interest payments that is more than 1 is favorable. In 2018-2020, a ratio of operational cash flow to capital expenditure below one indicates that the situation is not good. In 2018-2021, if the ratio of operating cash flow to total debt is less than 1, the situation is not good. In the period between 2018 and 2021, the ratio of operating cash flow to net profit is good since it can exceed 1. The conclusion that can be drawn from the findings of this research is that the results of the five cash flow ratios listed above must still be examined, as values that are above the standard ratio are only 2 ratios and those that are below the standard ratio are 3 ratios. It indicates that PT. Astra International Tbk's financial performance is categorized as poor because it is unable to effectively manage its cash flow, resulting in an insufficient turnover between cash in and cash out so that in the long term PT. Astra will experience losses.  

A cash flow statement is a financial report that contains information on cash inflows and cash outflows from a company during a certain period. This information is presented according to the type of activity that causes the cash inflows and outflows to occur. Company activities generally consist of three types, namely, operational activities, investment activities and financial activities. The process of receiving and disbursing cash is also recorded at any time for the preparation of the company's income statement. Cash flow recording activities at this company are still manual where every company receipt will be recorded by employees of the finance department which will ultimately be recapitulated in the annual report and compared with other recording results such as cash disbursements. This system has many weaknesses where the information needed cannot be presented quickly and accurately, requiring a fairly complicated process for a longer time to check certain cash flows. 

This study aims to design an accounting information system for cash flow statements at BKM Gabahan Makmur Semarang. Through the creation of an Accounting Information System for Client Server Based Cash Flow Reports, it is expected to simplify the accounting section to record cash flow data, and to make balance sheets more quickly, which are used by BKM as a management tool for financial activities in BKM Gabahan Makmur Semarang. Where this system uses the Visual Basic 6.0 programming language, Crystal Report for the preparation of reports and Client Server-based, equipped with the distribution of access rights for each user. The research method used is the Borg and Gall R&D research approach which consists of 10 stages. Of the 10 stages of R&D the authors only approach the research up to the 6th stage alone. The results of the research of the accounting information system design of cash flow statements are to make it easier to record cash flows, and to make balance sheets more quickly compared to the manual system used at BKM Gabahan Makmur Semarang. Currently the BKM still uses a manual system in recording cash flow transactions, whereas by implementing an information system will minimize the risk of recording errors, so as to obtain information more quickly and completely.