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This research is motivated by the importance tank cleaning process on tankers to prevent cargo contamination, maintain cargo quality, and ensure crew safety. MT. Marina Prosperity, a chemical/oil tanker, uses the Butterworth system as the primary method for tank cleaning at every cargo change. However, in practice, technical and operational constraints are still found that affect the results of tank cleaning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through direct observation on the ship, interviews with the Chief Officer and Boatswain, and documentation studies in the form of log books and SOPs. Data were analyzed by focusing on three aspects, namely work efficiency, work safety, and operational procedures for using Butterworth. The results show that the use of Butterworth can increase time and energy efficiency compared to manual methods, with an average cleaning time of 2–4 hours per tank depending on the type of cargo. From a safety aspect, Butterworth reduces the need for crew to enter the tank, thereby reducing the risk of exposure to chemicals and hazardous atmospheres. However, work effectiveness and safety are greatly influenced by the condition of the equipment, the stability of water pressure, and the crew's discipline in implementing the SOP. On several occasions, steps such as nozzle cleaning, manual mopping, and safety meetings were not consistently performed, resulting in residual load in certain areas. With routine equipment maintenance, close supervision, and ongoing crew training, Butterworth can be optimized to produce more effective, safe, and standards-compliant tank cleaning process.

This research focuses on identifying how PT. Pertamina Trans Kontinental Marine Dumai processes permits for loading dangerous goods in bulk liquids in the Dumai region. The process begins when the ship notifies the ship of the hazardous cargo to be loaded. Afterward, the operational team or external services department prepares application documents to be submitted to the authorized agency, namely the Dumai Harbormaster's Office. The application process requires payment of fees included in Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP). As a national shipping company, PT. Pertamina Trans Kontinental Marine Dumai also emphasizes the importance of fostering good cooperation with relevant agencies. This action is taken as a strategic step to ensure the proper handling of dangerous goods. Complete documentation is crucial in this licensing process. Required documents include a permit application letter and a dangerous goods manifest. The completeness and accuracy of these documents are crucial for the smooth running of the permit application process, while ensuring that each stage complies with applicable regulations.

This research investigates the effectiveness of container cargo information management systems at Indonesian ports, examining the critical roles of competency training, shore-based personnel capabilities, and technology adoption in determining system performance and operational outcomes. Container terminals increasingly rely on sophisticated information systems including Terminal Operating Systems (TOS), Port Community Systems (PCS), and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for coordinating complex cargo operations, yet system effectiveness depends not solely on technology sophistication but critically on personnel competency, training adequacy, and human-technology integration. Through qualitative analysis involving terminal operators, port information system managers, shore-based operational personnel, training coordinators, and technology providers, this study examines how the interplay between human capabilities and technological capabilities determines information system effectiveness. Results demonstrate that comprehensive competency training programs can improve system utilization effectiveness by 45-65%, reduce operational errors by 50-70%, and enhance productivity by 25-40% through better human-technology integration. Key challenges include inadequate training investment, high personnel turnover, technology complexity exceeding user capabilities, and organizational resistance to systematic training programs. Findings reveal that container terminal information system effectiveness depends fundamentally on sociotechnical system optimization addressing both technological infrastructure and human capability development through sustained competency building programs. This research contributes to port operations literature by providing evidence-based frameworks for human factors integration in port technology implementation.

The coal loading and unloading process is a crucial stage in maritime operational activities that requires effective coordination among vessel crews, stevedoring companies (PBM), and supporting service providers such as tugboats and cargo handling equipment. This study aims to analyze the implementation of coal loading and unloading operations using the ship-to-ship (STS) method on TB. ESA III by PBM PT. Adi Guna Putera Pangkalan Susu. The research employed field observation and library research methods to obtain relevant and accurate data. The results indicate that the ship-to-ship coal handling operation conducted by PBM PT. Adi Guna Putera Pangkalan Susu improves loading and unloading time efficiency, minimizes the risk of distribution delays, and enhances communication and coordination among involved parties. However, several technical challenges were identified, including adverse weather conditions, equipment limitations, and inadequate crew understanding of STS procedures. These constraints require mitigation through improved training programs, regular equipment maintenance, and strengthened occupational safety measures. Overall, the ship-to-ship coal handling method provides a positive contribution to the effectiveness of energy distribution, provided that it is supported by competent human resources and adequate operational facilities.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of bulk cement loading processes on the operational performance of vessels agented by PT. Pelayaran Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan. Bulk cement loading is a complex logistical activity at specialized port terminals that requires intensive coordination between the vessel, agency, and terminal to comply with international safety standards such as the IMSBC Code. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including direct field observations, interviews with the company's operational staff, and documentation studies conducted during the internship period. The research findings indicate that loading effectiveness is significantly influenced by the readiness of cargo handling equipment, such as pneumatic or conveyor systems, as well as the timeliness of agency administration in processing ship documents. Although the process generally runs well, obstacles were identified in the form of technical malfunctions of loading equipment and weather factors that frequently hinder operational speed. The conclusion of this research emphasizes that enhancing technical supervision and strengthening communication between the agent and port terminal authorities are crucial to minimizing vessel dwelling time, thereby optimizing operational performance and cost efficiency for ship owners.

This study examines the role of agents in the renewal process of cargo ship construction safety certificates at the Merak Banten Harbormaster and Port Authority Office (KSOP), using a case study of PT. Vinici Samudera Agencies, Merak Branch. The study aimed to determine the role of agency companies in assisting shipowners in fulfilling certification obligations and to examine certificate renewal procedures in accordance with legal provisions and shipping safety standards. The research methods employed included a field approach through direct observation, interviews, and a literature review of relevant literature, regulations, and official documents. Based on the research findings, PT. Vinici Samudera Agencies plays a significant role in processing shipping administrative documents, coordinating with the KSOP, ensuring compliance with applicable legal provisions, and providing technical guidance to ensure ships remain seaworthy. The agency's role has been proven to increase time efficiency, reduce the risk of delays, and provide legal certainty in the certificate renewal process. Therefore, the presence of ship agents is a strategic factor in supporting the smooth operation of cargo ships at the Port of Merak.

This paper aims to find out the process of issuing permits for checking and unloading cargo outside the customs area at the customs and excise office, this application must have a permit that must be fulfilled to be managed by the agent, because the implementation of checking and unloading cargo outside the designated area without obtaining a permit can be subject to criminal sanctions as regulated in Article 102 letter (b) of Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Customs Due to port congestion, ships can dock outside the customs area (out custom area) by fulfilling certain requirements and following the procedures set by the Customs and Excise authorities. in managing permits, agents often encounter obstacles or constraints when issuing permits that are detrimental to certain parties. Therefore, the responsible party of PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan branch must coordinate and have accurate accuracy in the process of issuing this permit. The role of PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan branch is very important for parties who participate in the process of managing permits outside this area. This permit is crucial to avoid criminal charges against those responsible for checking and unloading outside the customs area. It can be concluded that there are still obstacles or errors in data input that can cause delays in approval of permits for checking and unloading outside the customs area.

The process of extending the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) certificate for the Pegasus 3 Barge through SIMKAPEL at the Banten Class I KSOP Office at PT. Pasmaritim Samudera Nusantara, Cilegon Branch. The IMDG Code is intended to protect ship crews and also warn them that their vessels are carrying dangerous goods. An expired International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) certificate is a crucial step in maintaining a ship's seaworthiness, particularly for vessels transporting dangerous goods. Processing the renewal of an International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) certificate for a ship is done through the Shipping and Maritime Information System (SIMKAPEL) The Director General of Sea Transportation's system facilitates digital ship certificate renewal services. SIMKAPEL simplifies renewals and saves time and effort by requiring in-person visits to the Banten KSOP office. Service users can access application status anytime and anywhere. The method used in this research was field research namely in the form of direct observation and taking pictures based on the activities of processing ship certificate extensions through SIMKAPEL as well as library research, namely through books in the POLTEK AMI Medan library as well as online books, websites and journals related to the research object.

This study aims to analyze the role of the tally man at PT. Gelora Perkasa Belawan in supporting the effectiveness and smoothness of loading and unloading processes at Belawan Port. As the front line in cargo supervision, the tally man bears a crucial responsibility for recording the quantity, condition, and types of goods, which serve as the primary data for company reports. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques involving field observations, interviews with operational staff, and literature reviews conducted during the internship period. The findings indicate that while the tally man performs a vital function as a supervisor and data recorder, their performance is often hindered by high workloads and a limited number of personnel. The main obstacles identified include dual responsibilities, which lead to decreased data accuracy and risks of operational delays due to physical fatigue. Optimization efforts are carried out by increasing personnel during peak hours and improving accuracy in validating cargo documents. The study concludes that strengthening the tally man's role through better workload management is essential for ensuring logistical reliability and the efficient flow of goods at the port.

The maritime transport sector plays a vital role in international logistics, including the transport of special cargo such as live cattle, which requires specific administrative and operational handling. PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan Branch, as a ship agency company, is responsible for ensuring the smooth flow of ship services from arrival to departure at the Port of Belawan. This study aims to analyze the flow of agency management for special cattle cargo on the vessel MV Gloucester Express and to identify the coordination efforts carried out with relevant agencies to ensure service efficiency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collected through field observations and literature studies. The results show that the agency flow involves three main stages: pre-arrival, arrival, and departure, with a focus on strict animal health documentation and coordination with the Quarantine Office. The study concludes that while the process generally runs well, administrative precision and real-time communication with the authorities are critical factors in preventing delays in unloading live cattle.

This study aims to analyze in-depth the process of handling special livestock cargo agency for cattle on the MV Gloucester Express ship, as well as to identify the efforts and coordination carried out with relevant agencies to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of services while the ship is in the unloading port. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected through field research with participatory observation techniques during the fieldwork period at PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara, supported by library research to strengthen the theoretical foundation regarding ship agency management and special cargo regulations. The research findings show that the process of handling special livestock cargo agency at PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara is well-structured, involving the preparation of detailed supporting documents, starting from the ship's arrival report to its departure. The efficiency of the service heavily relies on tight coordination with port authorities (KSOP and Animal Quarantine) and compliance with applicable technical policies. However, technical obstacles were found, such as the unpreparedness of cargo documents from the shipper and coordination issues during docking. Improvement efforts are being made through enhanced digital communication and accelerated document validation before the ship's arrival to minimize waiting time at the port.

This study aims to analyze the need for barges and tugboats in distributing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in the West Papua region. The analysis is conducted based on three main aspects: the balance of supply and demand, ship operational costs, and shipping time, to determine the most efficient mode of sea transportation. The research method used is a quantitative approach by processing CPO distribution data owned by PT Kurhanz Trans in 2024. The results show that the combination of a 240-foot barge with a 5,000 HP tugboat is the most optimal alternative. This combination is able to balance cargo capacity, operational cost efficiency, and shipping time. The total operating cost of a 240-foot barge is recorded as lower than a 230-foot barge, with the same shipping time of 70 hours for a distance of 140 nautical miles. Thus, the 240-foot barge can be recommended as the best alternative to support the smooth distribution of CPO in the West Papua region efficiently and economically.    

This research investigates the development of integrated operational systems connecting terminal and ship operations for docking and berthing time optimization through systematic analysis of historical data. Port efficiency depends critically on minimizing vessel turnaround time, with berth allocation, docking procedures, and cargo operations coordination determining overall port productivity and competitiveness. Through qualitative analysis involving port operators, terminal managers, ship agents, harbor masters, and operations research specialists, this study examines how historical operational data can inform intelligent coordination systems improving berthing efficiency. Results demonstrate that data-driven integration systems incorporating predictive analytics, automated scheduling, and coordinated workflows can reduce average berth turnaround time by 15-30%, improve berth utilization by 20-35%, and decrease operational conflicts by 40-60% through optimized allocation and proactive coordination. Key implementation challenges include data quality and availability, system integration complexity, organizational coordination barriers, and resistance to automated decision support. Findings reveal that historical data-based optimization represents transformative advancement from experience-based scheduling to evidence-driven operational planning supporting port efficiency enhancement, capacity maximization, and service reliability improvement. This research contributes to port operations literature by providing practical frameworks for data-driven berthing optimization applicable to diverse port operational contexts.

This Community Service Program was conducted to enhance the competencies of supervisors in the logistics and transportation division of an international cargo company through leadership training tailored to the characteristics of Generation Z. The program aimed to strengthen participants’ capabilities in managing workplace dynamics, improving team communication, and promoting more effective performance through a flexible leadership approach. The training was held on November 18, 2025, at the company’s head office in Bekasi and was attended by 16 supervisors. The methods used included material presentations, group discussions, case study analysis, and an interactive question-and-answer session. The results indicate an increased understanding among participants regarding Generation Z work behavior, appropriate leadership principles, and more adaptive management strategies. This program is expected to provide sustainable benefits for human resource development and to enhance leadership effectiveness within the logistics sector.

This study discusses allegations of abuse of dominant position by Lion Air Group in the domestic aviation market and air cargo services in Indonesia. By controlling more than 50% of the market share, the group is suspected of unilaterally setting ticket prices and logistics costs, which could hinder healthy business competition and harm consumers and competing airlines. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a descriptive qualitative analysis method, supported by secondary data from legislation, KPPU reports, and academic literature related to competition law. The study's findings indicate that the concentrated market structure and weak regulatory oversight contribute to the formation of dominant behavior that harms the market and consumers. Legally, such actions violate Article 25 of Law Number 5 of 1999, as they result in discriminatory practices and unreasonable price control. Synergy between the KPPU and the Ministry of Transportation is needed to strengthen regulations in the aviation sector in order to create a business climate that is more fair, competitive, and oriented towards public welfare.

PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo is a company engaged in ship agency services. The ship agency service process at PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo starts from the initial arrival of the ship, loading and unloading activities, until the ship departs to the next destination port. Ship to Ship (STS) transfer is a method of transferring cargo between ships that requires careful coordination and supervision, especially in handling Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) cargo, which is volatile and high-risk. As one of the ship agency companies in the Batam waters area, PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo plays an important role in supporting the smooth process of Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG). This paper aims to comprehensively examine the Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) handling process carried out by PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo, covering the planning stage, coordination with related institutions, technical implementation, and post-transfer evaluation. The research method used is field research, observation, and library research. The research results show that the success of Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) highly depends on compliance with standard operating procedures (SOP), readiness of licensing documents, and synergy with the Port Health Office, Harbour Master, and ship operators.

Manifest is a list of cargo contents carried by a ship, which contains the type of goods, cargo number, sender's name and recipient's address at the destination port also called a bill of lading. When handling manifest documents in the shipping world, it requires the issuance of manifests as a condition for transporting goods and the obstacle is that the cargo shrinks too much during ullage so that the final result of the load causes delays in processing manifest documents. In the research paper made by the author using the field method (Field Search) and also with the research method of library study (Library Study) obtained from references from the library of the Indonesian Maritime Polytechnic Adiguna Medan (Poltek AMI) the purpose of writing this paper is to find out how to handle liquid bulk cargo manifest documents. As well as efforts made so that the handling of manifest documents runs with smoothly organized procedures at PT Seroja Jaya Agensi Kuala Tanjung. As for efforts to run smoothly when handling manifest documents, Among them shipping instructions must be sent on time by the Shipper when the ship has not docked and before the ship loads palm oil products at jetty A Multi Nabati Asahan.

This study analyzes the simultaneous and partial effects of Price (X1), Corporate Image (X2), and Service Quality (X3) on Customer Satisfaction (Y) in cargo shipping services at PT. Serasi Shipping Indonesia, Semarang Branch. The increasingly competitive maritime logistics sector demands a deep understanding of the determinants of business-to-business (B2B) customer satisfaction. Employing an explanatory quantitative design with a saturated population and sample of 100 corporate customers, data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis (SPSS v.22). The t-test results indicate that Price (t=3.813), Corporate Image (t=4.428), and Service Quality (t=2.398) individually have a positive and significant influence on Customer Satisfaction. Simultaneously (F-test, F=37.812), all three variables significantly influence satisfaction, explaining 52.7% of the satisfaction variance. The crucial finding highlights Corporate Image as the most dominant predictor of satisfaction (\beta=0.392). This suggests that in the high-value cargo sector, the company’s reputation and assurance function as primary risk determinants for B2B customers, surpassing the importance of price and purely functional quality. These results offer clear managerial implications for logistics firms in prioritizing the reinforcement of intangible assets to maintain a long-term competitive advantage.

Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines is a company included in the largest domestic shipping industry in the field of logistics and sea transportation services with a focus on inter-island container transportation in Indonesia using ships. This paper aims to determine how the container utilization strategy in improving logistics efficiency by PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines Medan Branch. The process begins with selecting the right type of container, standardization and consolidation of cargo, integration of digital logistics systems, and optimization of routes and modes of transportation. In compiling this paper, the author applies several methods, including field studies or direct observations in the field, and library studies or literature reviews. The goal is to understand more deeply how PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines Medan branch implements a container utilization strategy to improve efficiency in logistics activities. The obstacles faced in handling this are fleet and vehicle constraints, limited promotion and adjustment of application technology, traffic congestion, and weather and safety factors. In addition, inefficiencies in the distribution process, lack of good cooperation and coordination, and technological limitations are obstacles in optimizing container use. Good coordination can improve the service of goods delivery activities so that they can run smoothly, safely and efficiently.

Employee performance is a crucial element in determining the success of the company's operations, especially in the logistics sector which demands efficiency and speed of service. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the performance of employees of PT. Universal Tunggal Logistics which operates at the Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang. The research method used is a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires distributed to employees of the operational and administrative departments. The variables tested included work motivation, work environment, leadership style, and employee competence. Data analysis was conducted to identify the dominant factors that contribute to the performance improvement. The results of the research are expected to make an empirical contribution to the development of more effective managerial strategies in improving productivity and service quality. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the EMKL (Sea Cargo Expedition) industry, which has unique operational characteristics compared to other service sectors, such as high dependence on cross-agency coordination, port dynamics, and tight time demands. The findings of this study are expected to be a reference for similar logistics companies in designing adaptive and evidence-based human resource policies, as well as strengthening competitiveness amid the challenges of globalization and digitalization of the logistics sector.