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One of the promising renewable energy sources is biomass, particularly underutilized candlenut shells, which can be processed into briquettes as a superior alternative to charcoal. This study aimed to utilize candlenut shell waste for briquette production, evaluating hardness and calorific value under varying carbonization temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) and mesh sizes (30 and 100). Briquettes were produced via carbonization and compression. Hardness was measured using a durometer, yielding the highest value of 76.33 HA at 600°C and 100 mesh, and the lowest of 43.58 HA at 400°C and 30 mesh. Calorific value, determined by bomb calorimetry, peaked at 7834.70 cal/g for 500°C and 30 mesh, while the lowest was 5085.24 cal/g at 500°C and 100 mesh. These results demonstrate that optimized carbonization and particle size enhance briquette quality, promoting sustainable biomass utilization for energy applications.

Through this study, there are two variables of concern, namely the effect of the initial comparison of the combustion of raw materials of pine wood charcoal & coffee wood charcoal (70%: 30%, 30%: 70% and 50%: 50%) with mesh sizes of 100 and 250. The initial process of the study is the manufacture of charcoal in pine wood and coffee wood briquettes, pine wood and coffee wood are processed by carbonization at a temperature of 500°C, crushed, sieved using mesh 100 and 250, variations of 70%: 30%, 30%: 70% and 50%: 50% mixed with adhesive, given a pressure of 4 kg, and dried at a temperature of 80°C for 3 hours. The purpose of this study is to determine the comparative value of the combustion rate and calorific value of each briquette sample. The methodology used in this study is to conduct experiments on pine wood charcoal briquettes and coffee wood charcoal in testing the calorific value and combustion rate. From the research that has been done, it was found that the burning rate of briquette samples with variations of pine and coffee wood charcoal with variations of 70%: 30% mesh 100, the burning time is 189 minutes, while at mesh 250 the burning time is 215 minutes. The variation of briquette samples 30%: 70% at mesh 100 the burning time is 192 minutes and mesh 250 is 194 minutes. The variation of briquette samples 50%: 50% mesh 100 has a burning time value of 19 minutes and mesh 250 is 155 minutes. For coffee wood charcoal briquettes and pine wood charcoal at mesh 250 it can be said to meet the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard because the calorific value produced is ≥5000 cal / gram.

. Electrical energy is a primary need for every human being. Supercapacitors are sophisticated electrical energy storage devices that combine the advantages of conventional batteries and capacitors so that they have the ability to store energy better. The use of electrode materials is one of the factors that affect the effectiveness of supercapacitors, electrode materials can be made from polymeric materials, metal oxides, and porous materials such as activated carbon. Activated carbon is made through two main stages, namely the carbonization and activation stages. Bamboo charcoal is a solid product that uses bamboo raw materials through a carbonization process under high temperatures (high temperature charcoal). This research is a research using experimental method. From the research results, carbonized bamboo charcoal at temperatures of 300˚C, 350˚C, 400˚C, 450˚C and 500˚C has a higher electrical conductivity value as the carbonization temperature increases. So it can be concluded that the temperature in the carbonization process affects the electrical conductivity of bamboo charcoal.