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Amid the accelerating rhythm of digital culture, academic competition, and the changing patterns of student life in higher education, the formation of Muslim student character has become an increasingly urgent concern. A campus mosque can no longer be viewed merely as a place of worship; it must also be understood as a strategic nonformal Islamic educational space that nurtures spirituality, morality, social awareness, and student identity in a more contextual way. This study aims to analyze the role of the campus mosque as a space for shaping Muslim student character through the Islamic mentoring program at Masjid Syamsul Ulum, Telkom University. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach based on document study and thematic analysis of scholarly articles, mentoring program documents, and relevant works on campus mosques, religious moderation, and student character education. The findings show that the mentoring program at Masjid Syamsul Ulum is systematically designed through a clear structure, curriculum, methods, evaluation tools, and mentor regeneration, all of which are integrated with the institutional values of Harmony, Excellence, and Integrity. Socioculturally, the program functions not only as a medium for religious instruction but also as a process of value internalization, habituation of religious practice, strengthening of moderation, and construction of Muslim student identity within a technology-oriented university environment. This study proposes a conceptual understanding that the campus mosque can serve as a strategic space for shaping Muslim students who are religious, moderate, collaborative, and adaptive in the digital era.

Group-based learning in the classroom plays a vital role in enhancing social interaction, individual responsibility, as well as students' critical thinking and collaborative skills. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as the dominance of certain members, social loafing, low participation, and interpersonal conflicts that hinder group effectiveness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the dynamics of learning groups by integrating four key aspects: the concept of group dynamics based on the Tuckman model, the characteristics of effective groups in cooperative learning, group formation techniques, and conflict management strategies. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing 25 sources including nationally accredited journals, academic books, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic classification, content analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The results indicate that effective group dynamics can be achieved through the Tuckman stages, the application of the five elements of cooperative learning, the selection of appropriate group formation techniques with risk mitigation, and the implementation of the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management styles.The scientific contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model based on these four aspects, which serves as a conceptual framework to strengthen collaborative learning practices in the classroom. Practical implications include the formation of ideal groups consisting of 4–5 students, the establishment of initial group contracts, the use of dual assessment rubrics (individual and group), and peer evaluation mechanisms to enhance accountability and reflection.

This study is motivated by the importance of fostering students’ moral character within the school environment through religious activities, one of which is the Qur’an halaqah. The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of the Qur’an halaqah activities and their role in shaping students’ character at SMK Islam Al-Amal Surabaya. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the regular implementation of Qur’an halaqah activities is able to provide a positive impact on students’ character, such as improving discipline, politeness, and responsibility. The habituation process carried out in these activities becomes a key factor in shaping students’ behavior. The implications of this study suggest that the Qur’an halaqah can serve as an effective program for developing students’ moral character in schools; therefore, it should be maintained and continuously developed.

This study aims to analyze the use of digital media in the form of infographics to improve student learning outcomes in history lessons, specifically regarding the events of the national movement in the 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan in the 2024/2025 academic year. Along with technological advancements, the use of digital media is becoming increasingly popular in education as an alternative to improve student understanding and learning interest. One form of digital media used is infographics, which can simplify complex information into easier-to-understand information through engaging visual elements. The research method used was classroom action research (CAR), implemented in two cycles, with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests, observations, and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the use of infographics in history lessons can improve student understanding and learning interest. Improved student learning outcomes were evident in improved test scores after the use of infographics, as well as increased student active participation in class discussions. Furthermore, students also responded positively to the use of this digital media because infographics presented information in a more engaging and easy-to-understand manner. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of digital media in the form of infographics can be effective in improving students' history learning outcomes, particularly in understanding the material on the national movement. Therefore, it is recommended that history teachers consider using infographics in their lessons to improve the quality of teaching and student learning outcomes.

Balatindak is a traditional art that has existed since the time of the Banggai Kingdom. In its development, Balatindak presented in the regions, and each region has its own characteristics in its performance. In Banggai Laut Regency, Bangkurung District, Balatindak is performed upon the arrival of visiting distinguished guests, and on Eid al-Fitr. In Lantibung village, Balatindak is not only entertainment but also as part of the pakanggi umat ceremony carried out by the community. This study aims to describe the form of Balatindak presentation in the process of implementing pakanggi umat. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. In collecting data, researchers conducted interviews, and observations of the implementation of pakanggi umat, as well as documenting it in the form of photos and videos. The results of the study found that Balatindak was performed four during the pakanggi umat. The first was at the beginning of the procession performed by two men (talapu), then in the middle was presented by several male and female talapu. The costumes worn by male talakus are daily clothes consisting of long or short-sleeved shirts, black trousers, and white headbands. Meanwhile, female talapu wear long-sleeved shirts, sarongs, scarves, and white head coverings. The Balatindak is unique with movements dominated by rapid foot stomping, and both arms play props depicting machetes and shields. Balatindak is accompanied by batong music. The venue is the Bangkurung traditional house called Kusali. The Balatindak performed in this tradition classified as a ritual performing art.

Mopotilro Dance is a traditional dance originating from South Bolaang Mongondow Regency that functions as a welcoming dance for guests in customary ceremonies. Academically, this dance has not yet been examined in depth. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the Mopotilro Dance from the perspective of its performance structure, particularly as presented at the anniversary celebration of the Persatuan Relawan Muda Molibagu (PEREDAM) community. The research focuses on several aspects of the dance presentation, including: (1) movement, (2) number of dancers, (3) makeup and costume, (4) musical accompaniment, (5) floor patterns, (6) properties used, and (7) performance space. This study employs a qualitative research method with data collection techniques consisting of observation, interviews, and documentation, which are used to describe the data and draw conclusions. The results indicate that the presentation of the Mopotilro Dance at the PEREDAM anniversary event is not found in other occasions. This condition suggests that public understanding of the Mopotilro Dance as part of local cultural heritage remains limited. The lack of academic studies on the performance structure of the Mopotilro Dance is one of the factors contributing to its rare appearance in various events.

Pedestrian is one of the most important public spaces for urban areas. On the border of Muara Enim city has a pedestrian that attracts attention, namely the pedestrian welcome intersection kepur. Simpang Kepur pedestrian has a border gate that is the center of attention and the first impression when entering the city of Muara Enim so that it has the opportunity as a face or symbol of the identity of the city of Muara Enim. Visually, the existence of pedestrians and gates at the Kepur intersection looks quite attractive but functionally it is not in accordance with the characteristics of pedestrian activities on the pedestrian so that research is needed to rearrange the previous design so that the function of the pedestrian becomes even better. The method used is qualitative through observation based on facts and activities in the field. Analysis based on the impression of place and activity on the pedestrian. The results obtained that there is a need to change the appearance of the color processing so that the pedestrian becomes more alive, need to keep the pedestrian so that there is no loss or damage, the need for guardrails or vegetation / view barrier plants in the area behind or beside the pedestrian, rearrangement of plants that can absorb dust and can absorb noise, and arrangement of street furniture, namely visual recommendations for a wider bus stop design, replace permanent seating, replace permanent trash.

Social emotional development in early childhood is an important foundation for children's psychological and social functioning in later stages of development. This process is greatly influenced by the quality of interactions within the family environment, including the level and quality of the father's involvement in parenting. Although various studies show that fathers play a significant role in shaping children's emotional regulation, independence, and social competence, studies that systematically integrate the role of fathers within the framework of psychosocial and sociocultural development theory are still relatively limited. This study aims to critically analyze the role of fathers in shaping the emotions and socialization of early childhood based on the perspectives of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory and Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. This study uses a qualitative approach with a Literature Study Review (LSR) method of reputable national and international journal articles, academic books, and scientific proceedings published in the period 2020–2025. The data were analyzed through thematic synthesis and conceptual analysis. The results of the study show that consistent, responsive, and supportive father involvement contributes significantly to the development of emotional regulation, self-confidence, social initiative, and adaptive social interaction skills in children. These findings confirm the relevance of Erikson and Vygotsky's theories and provide theoretical and practical implications for the development of family parenting patterns and early childhood education policies that encourage optimal father involvement.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan merealisasikan antena mikrostrip patch berbentuk segitiga (triangular) yang bekerja pada frekuensi 1800 MHz, sebagai penguat jaringan internet di kawasan Kebun Raya Balikpapan. Lokasi tersebut diketahui memiliki kualitas sinyal yang kurang baik untuk beberapa provider. Antena yang dirancang menggunakan dua konfigurasi, yaitu MIMO 8x8 dengan teknik pencatuan langsung dan array 8x1, yang kemudian disimulasikan menggunakan CST Studio Suite 2019 dan diuji performansinya menggunakan metode Speedtest. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa antena 8x8 memiliki nilai VSWR sebesar 1,50, return loss -12,96 dB, dan gain 4,06 dBi dengan pola radiasi omnidirectional. Sementara itu, konfigurasi 8x1 array menunjukkan nilai VSWR 1,24, return loss -19,21 dB, dan gain 6,46 dBi, juga dengan pola radiasi omnidirectional. Hasil pengujian di lapangan dengan tiga kondisi tanpa antena eksternal, antena MIMO dan antena array 8x1 didapatkan hasil bahwa antena array 8x1 memberikan kecepatan unduh tertinggi mencapai 17,227 Mbps, unggah 4,072 Mbps, Jitter 34,9 ms  dan packet loss 14,18 % sedangkan antena MIMO 8x8 memberikan kecepatan unduh tertinggi mencapai 13,77 Mbps, unggah 2,462 Mbps, Jitter 49,9 ms  dan packet loss 18,43%. Kesimpulannya, kedua jenis antena eksternal yakni MIMO 8x8 dan array 8x1 mampu meningkatkan performa jaringan secara signifikan dan dapat menjadi solusi efektif untuk daerah dengan sinyal lemah. Antena ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap akses internet yang lebih stabil di area public yang sangat luas.

Gingerbread merupakan kue kering yang terbuat dengan bahan dasar tepung terigu dengan campuran jahe dan bubuk kayu manis. Ketergantungan penggunaan tepung terigu pada pembuatan produk pangan sampai saat ini masih sangat tinggi, salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi penggunaan tepung terigu adalah dengan memanfaatkan tepung kentang sebagai pengganti tepung terigu. Jahe memiliki beragam jenis dan karakteristik yang berbeda, penggunaan jahe yang biasanya yang digunakan dalam pembuatan gingerbread yang sering dijumpai dipasaran berupa jenis jahe merah, jahe gajah dan jahe emprit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh jenis dan bentuk jahe terhadap kualitas gingerbread cookies. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 perlakuan jenis jahe yaitu jahe gajah dan jahe merah, dan dalam bentuk bubuk dan cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan jenis jahe berupa bubuk dan cair menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter fisik dan organoleptik produk. Penggunaan jahe bubuk cenderung meningkatkan kekerasan, serat kasar, dan daya kembang, serta menghasilkan warna yang lebih gelap dan tekstur yang lebih padat. Sebaliknya, jahe cair menghasilkan gingerbread yang lebih lembut, berwarna lebih cerah, dan tekstur lebih rapuh. Analisis sensoris menunjukkan preferensi konsumen terhadap gingerbread dengan perlakuan jahe cair dari segi warna dan aroma lebih disukai, sementara dari aspek tekstur dan kekerasan, jahe bubuk lebih disukai.

This literature review synthesizes a wide range of research findings that examine the role of auxin distribution direction in regulating leaf primordium patterning, known as phyllotaxis, in Arabidopsis thaliana. The reviewed studies consistently indicate that phyllotaxis represents a highly coordinated growth regulation mechanism that is primarily governed by Polar Auxin Transport (PAT), which is mediated by Pin-Formed (PIN) auxin efflux proteins. The polarity and spatial localization of PIN proteins generate dynamic auxin gradients within the shoot apical meristem, and these gradients function as key positional signals that determine the precise sites where new leaf primordia are initiated. Furthermore, auxin distribution is not regulated solely by PAT but is tightly integrated with genetic, cellular, and mechanical cues. Several studies highlight the role of transcription factors such as TMO5 in influencing PIN1 convergence and reinforcing auxin maxima at primordium initiation sites. In addition, the interaction between PIN polarity and the orientation of cortical microtubules suggests that mechanical stress and cytoskeletal organization contribute to the stability and directionality of auxin flow. Comparative analysis of the literature demonstrates that PAT and PIN proteins operate through interconnected mechanisms to control auxin distribution direction, which ultimately shapes the spatial arrangement and regularity of leaf primordium patterns. Overall, this review emphasizes the complexity and integration of hormonal, genetic, and mechanical signals in controlling phyllotaxis in plants.

This research is motivated by the low level of discipline among elementary school students, characterized by non-compliance with rules, tardiness, and other negative behaviors, thus requiring the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) as a strategic solution. This research aims to examine the role of PPKn learning in shaping the discipline of elementary school students through a library research approach. This research method uses a systematic and comprehensive library research method to assess the contribution of PPKn learning in forming the discipline of elementary school students (SD). The main focus is on national scientific sources in Indonesian and English languages from the period 2020-2025, with the aim of identifying patterns and strategies of PPKn learning towards improving student discipline in SD. The study results show that PPKn learning is effective in internalizing discipline values through habituation, teacher exemplification, continuous evaluation, and the use of innovative learning media such as educational videos. The involvement of teachers, schools, and parents is an important factor in supporting the formation of student discipline character, with strategies such as family collaboration and group supervision to overcome external challenges. This research provides a theoretical contribution as a basis for developing applicable PPKn learning strategies to form a disciplined generation in elementary schools. The implications of this study indicate that PPKn learning has a strategic role in shaping the discipline of elementary school students, thus requiring synergy between teachers, schools, and parents to optimize the internalization of character values in every learning activity.

This study examines the application of double integrals in calculating the volume of cylindrical concrete piles as a basis for estimating material requirements in building foundation structures. The volume calculation was carried out using a double-integral approach in polar coordinates for three pile segments with lengths of 4 m, 3.9 m, and 4 m, each having a diameter of 60 cm. The results were then validated using the standard geometric formula to ensure consistency and mathematical reliability. The obtained concrete volume was subsequently used to estimate material needs based on a 1:1.5:3 mix proportion consisting of cement, sand, and gravel. The findings indicate that double integrals can be effectively applied to generate accurate estimations of both volume and material requirements, supporting logistical planning in construction. This approach also highlights the strong connection between mathematical concepts—particularly multivariable calculus—and practical applications in civil engineering. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that double integrals may serve as a relevant alternative when structural modeling requires deeper analytical exploration or validation beyond conventional geometry. Therefore, the implementation of double integrals not only reinforces theoretical understanding but also enhances precision in evaluating structural components within building foundation planning.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh munculnya persoalan yuridis dalam pelaksanaan mekanisme Agunan yang Diambil Alih (AYDA) oleh perbankan, terutama terkait validasi Pajak Penghasilan atas Pengalihan Hak atas Tanah dan/atau Bangunan (PPh TB). Kasus BPR RAY memperlihatkan kebuntuan administratif akibat penolakan validasi pajak oleh DJP, yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam penyelamatan kredit bermasalah. Rumusan masalah mencakup: (1) bentuk pertentangan norma antara POJK 33/2018 dan PMK 261/2016; (2) penyebab disharmonisasi norma; dan (3) akibat hukumnya terhadap pelaksanaan AYDA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk, penyebab, dan akibat hukum dari disharmonisasi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk pertentangan antara PMK 261/2016 yang mengedepankan pendekatan formal kepemilikan dan POJK 33/2018 yang menekankan substansi penguasaan aset. Disharmonisasi ini disebabkan oleh pengambilalihan AYDA secara sukarela, penafsiran subjek pajak penghasilan, serta ketiadaan regulasi penghubung antarregulator. Akibat hukum disharmonisasi ini terjadi di sektor perbankan, perpajakan dan pertanahan. Hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori sistem hukum, teori hukum responsif dan teori keadilan distributif. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan disharmonisasi norma menimbulkan hambatan dalam praktik AYDA dan menimbulkan akibat hukum di berbagai sektor. Di akhir, peneliti memberikan saran akademik mendorong penelitian AYDA yang multi kasus dengan teori hukum yang lebih variative. Untuk saran praktis penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya harmonisasi antar regulator sehingga pengaturan AYDA tidak saling bertentangan. Beban pajak sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan prinsip keadilan dan kemampuan membayar. BPR maupun masyarakat dapat menempuh judicial review ke Mahkamah Agung untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan keseragaman tafsir regulasi

This study aims to describe in depth the teacher's strategy in shaping children's behavior according to religious and moral values ​​in Group B at TK Negeri 01 Al-Icmi, PaguyamanPantai District, Boalemo Regency. The study used a qualitative research method. The subjects of this study were twelve children in Group B and one teacher of Group B at TK Negeri 01 Al-Icmi, PaguyamanPantai District, Boalemo Regency. Data were collected through interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by data editing, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the strategy has been carried out optimally. Teachers act as good role models through positive behaviors demonstrated every day, such as getting children into the habit of washing their hands before eating, praying together, and maintaining politeness and mutual respect. These habits are not only imitated by students, but also become part of the school routine that supports the development of children's religious and moral values. In addition, the teacher's behavior formation strategy uses several methods, including storytelling, singing, habituation, and role models that are adapted to the characteristics of early childhood development. This method is applied both in daily routine activities and special programs aimed at strengthening children's understanding of religious and moral values.

Fenomena meningkatnya penggunaan layanan pinjaman online di kalangan mahasiswa menimbulkan kekhawatiran terhadap potensi risiko finansial yang dapat mengganggu kesejahteraan dan performa akademik mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis perilaku manajemen risiko mahasiswa STIEPARI Semarang dalam penggunaan layanan pinjaman online, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pembentukan perilaku tersebut, serta memahami implikasinya terhadap kesejahteraan finansial mahasiswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain fenomenologi, melibatkan 14 mahasiswa sebagai informan utama. Temuan menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan substansial antara pemahaman konseptual mahasiswa tentang risiko dengan praktik aktual dalam pengambilan keputusan finansial, di mana mahasiswa dengan latar belakang pendidikan ekonomi tidak selalu menunjukkan perilaku manajemen risiko yang lebih baik. Rekomendasi penelitian mencakup pengembangan program edukasi berbasis experiential learning, implementasi sistem mentoring oleh mahasiswa senior, dan pembentukan early warning system untuk mendeteksi mahasiswa berisiko mengalami masalah kredit.

Penelitian ini membahas secara mendalam mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah dalam sengketa gadai syariah, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pengembalian barang jaminan setelah pelunasan utang. Perkembangan industri gadai syariah di Indonesia yang sangat pesat menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap lembaga keuangan berbasis syariah. Namun, di sisi lain, dinamika ini juga memunculkan tantangan baru dalam aspek perlindungan konsumen, terutama ketika terjadi wanprestasi, kesalahan administrasi, atau kelalaian lembaga gadai dalam menjaga serta mengembalikan barang jaminan milik nasabah. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif dan studi kasus terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Agama Banjarmasin Nomor 1112/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Bjm, penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis bentuk tanggung jawab hukum lembaga gadai serta perlindungan yang seharusnya diterima oleh nasabah sebagai pihak yang dirugikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif hukum syariah, barang gadai (marhun) memiliki kedudukan hukum sebagai amanah yang wajib dijaga dengan penuh tanggung jawab oleh pihak penerima gadai (murtahin). Apabila lembaga gadai lalai dalam menjaga atau gagal mengembalikan barang tersebut, maka tindakan tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai wanprestasi sekaligus pelanggaran terhadap prinsip keadilan dan hak-hak konsumen. Perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan, antara lain Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata), Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, serta pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) terhadap lembaga keuangan syariah. Namun demikian, efektivitas implementasi peraturan tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti lemahnya pengawasan, kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai hak-haknya, serta minimnya mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang cepat dan transparan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan sistem pengawasan serta edukasi hukum bagi masyarakat agar prinsip keadilan, kepastian hukum, dan kemaslahatan dalam transaksi gadai syariah dapat terwujud secara menyeluruh.

Penelitian ini mengkaji identitas visual merek Pia Saronde—salah satu produk kuliner khas Gorontalo—dengan menggunakan pendekatan semiotika yang berlandaskan teori Roland Barthes. Sebagai salah satu UMKM yang bergerak di sektor pangan, merek ini sangat bergantung pada peran logo untuk membentuk persepsi konsumen, memperkuat posisi merek, serta membedakannya dari produk lain dalam persaingan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah struktur visual yang membentuk logo, menginterpretasikan makna denotatif dan konotatif yang muncul, serta menilai sejauh mana logo tersebut mampu merepresentasikan nilai-nilai budaya lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan memadukan pengamatan visual terhadap logo dan kajian pustaka yang relevan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi warna kuning dan coklat pada logo mampu menimbulkan kesan hangat, manis, dan menggugah selera, sedangkan bentuk tipografi yang melengkung menghadirkan citra tradisional, akrab, dan bernuansa rumahan. Selain itu, penggunaan nama “Saronde” menciptakan hubungan simbolis dengan Pulau Saronde yang terkenal, sehingga memperkuat keterikatan merek terhadap identitas daerah. Secara keseluruhan, temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa logo tersebut berhasil mengomunikasikan keterkaitan budaya dan citra kuliner yang diusung produk. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini merekomendasikan adanya pengembangan pada beberapa elemen simbolik dan peningkatan adaptasi visual untuk kebutuhan media digital guna memperkuat daya saing merek.

This research examines the implementation of green building principles in the design of the Multipurpose Building at SMP–SMA Islam Hidayatullah Semarang, focusing on energy-efficient strategies and spatial comfort based on the GREENSHIP GBCI certification criteria. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method through interviews with the architect, analysis of architectural drawings, interpretation of interior design visualizations produced by Falana Studio, and literature review on sustainable building design. The findings indicate that the building consistently applies passive design strategies, including the optimization of natural lighting through large openings and a central void, the application of cross-ventilation on each floor, and the integration of façade vegetation that reduces surface temperature and improves microclimate performance. Material selection such as GRC panels, HPL, and modular plywood supports long-term durability, while the interior design demonstrates strong visual comfort and ergonomic quality through indirect lighting, neutral color schemes, and activity-based furniture layout. According to the GREENSHIP assessment categories, the building fulfills Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC), Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC), Material Resources and Cycle (MRC), and Appropriate Site Development (ASD) criteria. In conclusion, the Multipurpose Building successfully integrates green building principles as an effective approach to energy efficiency and the enhancement of the educational environment.

Civic Education (PPKn) serves as an essential foundation for cultivating students’ moral character and citizenship values at the elementary level. This study examines the role of PPKn in shaping the noble character of Grade 2 students at SD Negeri 2 Pereng, identifies existing challenges in its implementation, and proposes strategies for improvement. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through classroom observations and interviews with the Grade 2 teacher. The findings show that PPKn contributes significantly to developing students’ discipline, responsibility, cooperation, politeness, and patriotism through structured routines such as daily prayers, class duties, simple deliberation activities, and flag ceremonies. The teacher’s modeling and guidance further reinforce value internalization. However, limited audiovisual media, uneven literacy skills, and classroom management issues hinder optimal implementation. Effective solutions include simplifying learning materials, utilizing accessible visual media, strengthening teacher facilitation, and enhancing collaboration between school and parents. Overall, PPKn remains vital in supporting character development when supported by adequate strategies and consistent habituation.