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Slope stability studies are crucial in determining the sustainability and operational safety of mining activities. This research was conducted to analyze the correlation between rock porosity and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) results, as well as the corrleations between Point Load Index (PLI) and Unconfoned Compressive Strength (UCS) results. These two correlations form the primary components of the study. Three types of rock were tested claystone, coal, and siltstone. The results of the study are as follows for the correlation between porosity and Unconfoned Compressive Strength (UCS), claystone yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.32 is classified as weak correlation, with the linear regression equation Y=-0.11X+6.98. Coal yielded an (R2) of 0.56 is classified a moderate correlation, with the equation Y=-1.98X+103.77. Siltstone yielded an (R2) of 0.86 is classified a strong correlation, with the equation Y=-0.38X+20.02. Regarding the correlation between Point Load Index (PLI) and Unconfoned Compressive Strength (UCS), claystone achieved an (R2) of 0.12 is classified a very weak correlation, with the linear regression equation Y=8.91X. Coal achieved an (R2) of -0.27 is classified a very weak correlation, with the equation Y=27.87X. Lastly, siltstone achieved an (R2) of -0.45 is classified a very weak correlation, with the linear regression equation Y=24,90X.

Tabuh Rah in Bali is part of a Hindu religious ceremony involving animal sacrifice to maintain harmony between nature and human life. In practice, it is often accompanied by tajen (cockfighting) involving monetary or valuable bets, potentially violating Article 303 of the Indonesian Criminal Code concerning gambling. This study examines the regulation of cockfighting as a criminal offense under Article 303 and the criminal liability of perpetrators of tajen within the context of the Tabuh Rah ceremony. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that cockfighting conducted as part of the Tabuh Rah ritual is permissible based on the Batur Agung Inscription (933 Saka) and the Batuan Inscription (944 Saka) without requiring official authorization. However, cockfighting conducted outside the ritual context and involving betting constitutes gambling in violation of the Criminal Code and Law No. 7 of 1974. Perpetrators may be held criminally liable for intentionally committing an unlawful act.

Tobacco is a leading commodity that forms the foundation of the rural economy, but its cultivation faces challenges in the form of labour intensity, significant capital requirements, and farmers' lack of understanding of systematic cost structures. This study aims to analyse the production cost structure and evaluate the economic efficiency of tobacco farming managed by the Batu Daun Farmer Group in Batuan Village, Sumenep Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with the head of the farmer group, field observations, and analysis of financial documents as secondary data. The analysis focused on identifying fixed and variable costs, as well as evaluating economic performance using the Break Even Point (BEP) and Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C) indicators. The results showed that the total production cost was IDR 28,597,500 (fixed costs of IDR 3,450,000 and variable costs of IDR 25,147,500) for the production of 2,800 kg of tobacco with a gross income of IDR 70,000,000. The R/C ratio value of 2.44 (>1) indicates that the business is operating efficiently and profitably, while the BEP of 215.4 kg shows that actual production far exceeds the break-even point, meaning that the business is in an economically safe zone. The results of the study conclude that the tobacco farming business of the Batu Daun Farmer Group is economically viable and efficient.

Carbonate rocks are one of the most important geological resources with a significant role in various industrial sectors, particularly as the main raw material in cement, lime, and construction industries. This study aims to review the characteristics, quality, and industrial potential of three major carbonate rock types—limestone, dolomite, and marble—based on relevant scientific literature. The research employed a literature review method using a qualitative-descriptive approach through analysis and synthesis of previous studies. Data were collected from scientific publications addressing the mineralogical, chemical, and physical aspects of carbonate rocks and their implications for industrial performance. The findings indicate that the quality of carbonate rocks is largely determined by mineral composition (calcite and dolomite), chemical purity (CaO and MgO), and the presence of impurities such as silica, alumina, and iron oxides. High-purity limestone rich in calcite is identified as the most efficient raw material for cement and lime industries due to its stable processing behavior and lower energy requirements. Conversely, dolomite with high magnesium content requires process adjustments to prevent excessive MgO formation during calcination. Marble, both in natural and waste powder form, shows promising potential as a supplementary material in sustainable cement production. Overall, this study emphasizes that understanding the mineralogical and chemical variations of carbonate rocks is essential for optimizing their processing strategies and promoting sustainable industrial utilization 

Rock stability and service life in geotechnical and mining engineering are highly dependent on the rock's mechanical and physical parameters, where the variation in sandstone grain size is a crucial intrinsic factor. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the correlation between sandstone grain size with uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and resistance to weathering (Slake Durability Index) in samples taken from the Balikpapan and Pulau Balang Formations in the Samarinda area, East Kalimantan. The research methodology involved a series of standard laboratory tests, including rock physical properties analysis, grain size distribution analysis, UCS testing, and slake durability testing through three cycles. The test results show a significant correlation: sandstone with finer grain sizes and higher density consistently demonstrates greater UCS values and a higher Durability Index, indicating superior mechanical and physical resistance. Specifically, the Pulau Balang Formation exhibits a more compact structure and finer grain size, resulting in better durability values compared to the Balikpapan Formation. These findings are important as a geomechanical data basis for slope design planning, rock mass stability analysis, and material selection in infrastructure projects or mining operations involving both formations.

Rock mining is a key sector contributing to economic development, including in Gorontalo Regency. However, this activity often generates negative environmental impacts such as erosion, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation. This study aims to analyze environmental management policies in rock mining activities using a literature review approach. The research was conducted by examining relevant literature published in the last five years, including national and regional regulations, as well as case study reports. The findings reveal that Indonesia has established a comprehensive regulatory framework through Law No. 32 of 2009 and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, which mandate Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) as a key instrument for environmental protection. At the regional level, Gorontalo Provincial Regulation No. 2 of 2019 serves as the main guideline; however, its implementation faces challenges such as weak oversight and inadequate law enforcement. A case study in Motoduto Village shows actual environmental impacts in the form of erosion and sediment load increases in the Paguyaman River, although still within acceptable limits. Additionally, some companies operate without proper AMDAL or legal permits. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, digitizing permit data, and engaging communities are essential steps. Policy recommendations include consistent law enforcement, implementation of post-mining reclamation, and integration of spatial data-based policies. This study underscores the importance of a holistic approach to ensure a balance between the economic benefits of the mining sector and environmental conservation.

This community service is carried out to help teachers and schools, especially in improving numeracy literacy and the use of technology in the learning process. One form of community service that is carried out is through mentoring in the Kampus Mengajar program which is one of the eight superior programs offered by the Minister of Education and Culture. The mentoring referred to here is mentoring students who have passed the selection for the teaching program at school as Field Mentor Lecturers for the Kampus Mengajar program. Lecturers guide 3-4 students from several state and private campuses domiciled in Pamekasan or Sumenep and are placed at SDN Kowel 1 Pamekasan, SDN Groom Pamekasan and SDN Batuan 1 Sumenep. This mentoring has a direct impact on both the school including teachers, students, principals and of course students. For students, it is able to improve numeracy and literacy. For teachers, it increases knowledge related to technology and for students, it increases experience in teaching at school and how to collaborate with teachers. For schools, it helps with management and administration.

Minerals are solid objects that can be found in nature, formed inorganically, with chemical composition at certain limits and have atoms arranged regularly. Rocks can be distinguished based on the formation process and mineral content. The purpose of this study is to identify minerals in sedimentary rocks and laterite deposits in this study used analytical methods, namely Binocular Microscope and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) laboratory tests. XRD analysis is used to determine the type of mineral in the sample. Based on the results of the XRD X-Ray Diffraction lab test, each sample has a different mineral content.

Rock mining along the Bone River, Bone Bolango Regency, contributes to infrastructure development but also has negative environmental impacts. This study aims to analyze the effects of mining activities on river environmental quality, particularly water discoloration, erosion, river widening, and material accumulation. Data obtained indicate that mining activities cause water pollution characterized by discoloration due to increased sediment and mining waste. Moreover, rock excavation accelerates erosion along riverbanks, resulting in land degradation that affects the stability of surrounding areas. Mining activities also trigger river widening, altering the river's natural morphology and increasing flood risks. The accumulation of mining residues around the river worsens conditions by obstructing water flow, causing sedimentation, and damaging aquatic habitats. The analysis highlights the need for better environmental management to mitigate the adverse effects of rock mining. Recommendations include implementing strict environmental policies, monitoring mining operations, conducting reclamation, and ensuring sustainable waste management. Additionally, involving local communities in river rehabilitation efforts can expedite environmental recovery and sustain ecosystem balance. This study is expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in managing mining activities sustainably and preserving the Bone River ecosystem.

This study aims to select four Mining Companies that have the best implementation of Occupational Safety and Health and to identify the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health that has been carried out by the Company so that it can be assessed as a whole. Therefore, data collection in this study was carried out by conducting observations, interview sessions with employees and observations of locations that have been selected as research objects as primary data and making location maps as secondary data. 4 (Four) Companies selected as research objects are located in SG Village Arso Satu Keerom Regency, Papua Province. The results showed that there were 4 (Four) companies that became the object of research, namely CV. SG, CV. ABC, CV. CTT Keerom and CV. JT XXX of the four Rock Mining companies have not implemented the Occupational Safety and Health Policy in the work environment in the Company. For this reason, it is hoped that the Keerom Regency government can pay attention to this matter.

To determine the mineral content and composition of a rock, a petrographic test is carried out using a thin section method. Petrographic test is known as an efficient test of time and energy with accurate results in obtaining the composition and mineral content of rocks. The Point Load test is an index test that has been widely used to predict the UCS value of a rock indirectly in the field. This is due to the simple test procedure, easy sample preparation and can be done in the field, so that the strength of the rock can be quickly known in the field before testing in the laboratory.

The uniaxial compressive strength value is one of the important parameters that is widely used in rock engineering projects in determining rock mass. The strength of rocks is greatly influenced by the water content and degree of saturation in the rock. Reduction of strength in rock is associated with an increase in water content, a slight increase in water content will cause a significant deviation in the compressive strength test value.This research is quantitative research, so to obtain accurate calculation data, testing methods are used in the form of compressive strength tests on rocks and physical properties tests in the treatment of samples of original rock, saturated rock and dry rock before testing. In this research, 2 types of rock were used, including limestone and sandstone in 2 rock formations, namely the Balikpapan formation and the Pulaubalang formation, so that the accuracy of the test result values ​​could be obtained well. Based on the results of observations and calculations that have been carried out, the water content values ​​of limestone in natural, saturated and dry conditions in the Balikpapan formation are obtained with average values ​​of 1.709%, 2.262% and 0.961% respectively. The water content of sandstone in natural, saturated and dry conditions is the Pulaubalang formation with average values ​​of 2.491%, 9.425% and 0.463% respectively. The UCS value of limestone in natural, saturated and dry conditions in the Balikpapan formation has an average value of 25.29 Mpa, 37.57 Mpa and 40.70 Mpa respectively. The UCS value of sandstone in natural, saturated and dry conditions in the Pulaubalang formation has an average value of 9,565 Mpa, 6,537 Mpa and 12,730 Mpa. It can be concluded that the correlation between uniaxial compressive strength values ​​and water content values ​​in limestone and sandstone shows a positive linear correlation, which means they have a strong relationship. The higher the compressive strength value of limestone and sandstone, the lower the water content value.    

This study aims to determine the system used by the Regional Income Agency in the collection of non-metallic mineral and rock tax in increasing the original income of the region, as well as to know the constraints in the implementation of the collection of Mineral Taxes instead of Metal and Bengkalis Regency Rocks. The type of research used in this study is qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of documentation, interviews, and literature study. The results of this study indicate that Bengkalis District Income Agency apply selfassessment system in the collection of Non-Metallic Mineral and Stone Taxes where taxpayers calculate, report and deposit / pay their own taxes to the Regional Regulatory Agency Bengkalis District. With the implementation of self assessment system in the collection of Non-Metallic Mineral and Stone Tax the taxpayers are encouraged to pay the taxes, so that each year the target of the Original Revenuerealized. From the data analysis of the target report on the realization of non-metallic mineral revenues and Bengkalis Regency's Rocks in 2014-2016 explained that the target of non-metallic mineral and mineral tax receipts every year reaches the set targets. However, revenue growth has decreased. Overall implementation of self assessment system in the collection of non-metallic mineral taxes and rocks at Bdan Revenue District Bengkalis is good, this is evidenced in the data target of realization of Non-Metallic Mineral and Stone Minerals reach the target set.

Rocks are naturally formed solid objects which are a collection of minerals, both similar and dissimilar, in certain proportions. Minerals are the building blocks of each type of rock. In the beginning, rocks came from magma. The types of rock that exist include pyroclastic rocks. Pyroclastic rocks contain contents that are of economic value and useful for human life. The type of method used is a qualitative research method. The data collection technique in this method is the literature study method. The method in this research focuses on in-depth observations from various reading sources such as books and scientific journals. Pyroclastic rocks are rocks formed by the lithification process of loose materials thrown from volcanic centers in explosive eruptions, which are then transported through the media of gas, wind and then deposited on dry land or in bodies of water. In fact, pyroclastics are almost the same as sedimentary rocks, but the difference is that sedimentary rocks come from the weathering of previous rocks. Meanwhile, pyroclastic rocks come from volcanic eruptions, meaning there is no weathering process.

Secara administratif Bendungan Pamukkulu terletak pada Desa Kale Ko’mara, Kecamatan Polombangkeng Utara, Kabupaten Takalar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Litologi pada Bendungan termasuk Formasi Batuan Gunungapi Baturape-Cindako yaitu lava dan breksi beserta retas-retas andesit. Metode penelitian berupa pemetaan permukaan dan pengeboran inti batuan. Berdasarkan investigasi geologi bawah permukaan, kelas batuan yang sesuai zonasi 3B yaitu pada Blok B1 (10-20m), Blok A3 (5-10m), dan Blok D (5-20m) dengan kelas batuan CH. Untuk zona 3A dengan kelas batuan CM terdapat pada Blok A3 (10-15m), Blok B1 (5-10m), dan Blok D (0-5m) dan zona 3C terdapat pada Blok A3 (1-5m), Blok B1 (5-10m), dan Blok D (0-5m) dengan kelas batuan CM. Dari hasil uji laboratorium mekanika batuan nilai Uji Kuat Tekan antara 33.36 MPa–67.24 MPa hal ini menunjukkan batuan memiliki nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan berkisar dari sedang sampai keras. Nilai Rock Quality Designation (RQD) pada lapisan atas 0-10m berkisar 13-68% dan lapisan 10-20m berkisar 83-99%. Analisis Fragmentasi batuan hasil blasting rata-rata boulder batuan berukuran 100cm ialah 18.74%. Rekomendasi dalam pembangunan bendungan pada area quarry yaitu perlunya penyesuaian blasting plan terhadap faktor-faktor geologi yang terdapat dilapangan agar fragmentasi dapat tercapai dengan baik.

The development of information technology brought a lot of impact on education, both positive and negative impacts. One positive impact is involved the development of instructional media for school students. This study takes a case study at SMK Grafika Bakti Nusantara Semarang.Proses data collection using interviews, observation and literature study. Dsesign in this study using ADDIE method approach. Results of this research is an interactive multimedia used by students to study the structure of earth and rock interactively. The animation and music will help the students to reduce boredom in the learning process. In learning media earth and rock structure is also equipped with a quiz that can be accessed directly by students to measure the level of students' understanding of the material structure of the earth and rocks are studied. Material quiz built using database that allows administrators to update the material question.

Tanah Lempung adalah jenis tanah yang mempunyai sifat kohesif dan plastis yang tinggi, tanah lempung terjadi akibat pelapukan-pelapukan batuan akibat adanya reaksi kimia yang terdiri dari susunan partikel-partikel yang berukuran koloid artinya butiran penyusun tanah lempung ini berukuran <0,002. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik tanah serta mengetahui pengaruh campuran semen dan serbuk batu bata sebagai bahan stabilisasi dengan metode kuat tekan bebas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode uji laboratorium berupa pengujian sifat – sifat fisis dan mekanis tanah. Penujian dilakukan pada tanah asli dan tanah yang distabilisasi dengan semen dan serbuk batu bata. Hasil penelitian uji sifat fisis tanah asli dilaboratorium didapatkan nilai berat isi tanah (γb) 1,669 gr/cm³, (γd) 1,09 gr/cm³, kadar air 52,92% dan berat jenis 2,651. Berdasarkan hasil penyelidikan tanah dapat dikategorikan dalam tanah lempung organik. Hasil dari pengujian grain size tanah dapat di kategorikan dalam tanah lanau lempung. Pada uji atterberg limit tanah dapat dikategorikan ke dalam tanah lempung plastisitas tinggi dengan PI 26,54%, pengujian proctor dengan hasil berat isi kering maksimal (γd) 1,302 gr/cm³ dan kadar air optimum (w) 36,2%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian kuat tekan bebas (Uncofined Compression Test) dengan bahan stabilisasi serbuk batu bata 5%, 7%, 10%, 12% dan 5% semen untuk masing-masing sampel, dengan nilai kuat tekan bebas (qu) yaitu 0,785 kg/cm², 0,872 kg/cm², 1,008 kg/cm², 1,120 kg/cm², dan nilai kohesi undrained (cu) sebesar 0,205 kg/cm², 0,390 kg/cm²,0,435 kg/cm², 0,505 kg/cm², 0,560 kg/cm². Berdasarkan rekap uji kuat tekan bebas  (qu) dan didapatkan persamaan  y = 0,2127ln(x) + 0,2153 R² = 0,9855.  

Batuan merupakan kumpulan dari beberapa jenis mineral. Setiap mineral terdiri dari berbagai ion-ion atau unsur-unsur tertentu. Ion atu unsur-unsur ini dapat diextrak melalui proses pengolahan atau metalurgi yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan industri, baik industri kimia, manufactur, industri kesehatan, maupun industri bahan peledak. Penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan perluasan penelitian tahun lalu, dimana pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara random di beberapa titik daerah Jayapura yaitu daerah Koyakoso dan sekitarnya. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan batuan yang masih segar dengan berat sekitar 2 Kg setiap titik. Titik pengambilan sampel sebanyak 6 titik dimana jarak antar titik sekitar 25 meter dengan titik pengambilan mengarah pada daerah perbukitan. Sampel yang telah diambil akan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan analisa. Sampel terlebih dahulu dibersihkan dari kotoran-kotoran yang menempel seperti debu dan tanah,kemudian di gerus sampai ukuran 15 mesh, kemudian sampel hasil penggerusan di analisa dengan menggunakan mikroskop polarisasi untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat fisik batuan. Hasil dari sifat fisik batuan ini kemudian di interpretasi untuk mengetahui kandungan mineral-mineral yang terdapat pada batuan yang akan dikorelasikan dengan kandungan mineral yang tertera pada peta geologi regional lembar jayapura, dan hasil pengujian XRD terdahulu sebagai perbandingan. Hasil dari pengujian sifat fisik  batuan  ini langsung menunjukkan jenis kandungan mineral.

Merkuri digunakan sebagai media untuk memisahkan emas dari batuan yang ditambang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur konsentrasi merkuri dalam tanah di daerah pertambangan emas di Desa Kalirejo. Lima belas sampel tanah dikumpulkan dari lokasi yang terkontaminasi. Sedangkan enam sampel tanah diambil di lokasi yang tidak tercemar, dan digunakan sebagai kontrol. Sampel tanah diambil pada kedalaman 30, 60, dan 90 cm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi merkuri dalam sampel tanah berada di kisaran 0,30- 22,51 mg/kg. Nilai ini melebihi standar kualitas merkuri dalam tanah yaitu 0,3mg/kg.

Gempabumi (earthquake) merupakan suatu fenomena alami yang terjadi pada kulit bumi berupa bergoncangnya atau bergetarnya bumi karena adanya pergerakan pada lapisan batuan secara tiba-tiba disebabkan karena lempeng tektonik. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2010) menyebutkan bahwa perempuan dan anak pada umumnyamerupakan korban utama dalam bencana alam, hal ini dikarenakan korban yang tewas lebih tinggi pada perempuan dan anak perempuan, penyebabnya karena kendala budaya berupa mobilitas perempuan, kurangnya ketrampilan yang dimiliki perempuan dibandingkan dengan laki-laki, serta kekuatan fisik perempuan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meminimalkan resiko jatuhnya korban perempuan dalam bencana gempabumi dengan upaya meningkatkan kesadaran, kewaspadaan, dan kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana gempabumi. Metode pelaksanaannya dengan melakukan sosialisasi  kesiapsiagaan  bencana  gempabumi  di  Pimpinan  Cabang  Nasyiatul  Aisyiyah Klaten Selatan. Target luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah (1) menumbuhkan kesadaran kepada kaum perempuan terhadap pentingnya pemahaman mitigasi bencana gempabumi baik sebelum,  saat  tanggap  darurat  maupun  pasca  bencana,  (2)  menumbuhkan  kewaspadaan bahwa bencana gempabumi dapat terjadi sewaktu-waktu sehingga kaum perempuan harus siap  bencana  kapan  saja  dan  dimana  saja,  dan  (3)  meningkatkan  kesiapsiagaan  kaumperempuan terhadap bencana gempabumi sehingga mengurangi resiko terjadinya korban bencana dari pihak perempuan.Kata kunci: gempabumi, perempuan, kesiapsiagaan