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Poultry agribusiness is a key driver of food security and rural economic development in developing countries. However, the sector remains vulnerable to infectious diseases such as avian influenza and Newcastle disease, which can disrupt production systems and supply chain continuity. Although previous studies have examined poultry disease control, biosecurity, and supply chain disruption, evidence on how risk and crisis communication supports outbreak management and resilience in developing-country poultry agribusiness remains fragmented. This study applied a systematic literature review (SLR) approach under PRISMA guidelines to synthesize risk and crisis communication strategies in poultry disease management and their contribution to supply chain resilience. Only seven relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using the PICO framework. Quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), combined with systematic data extraction in Microsoft Excel 2021, was conducted to improve methodological transparency and consistency. The novelty of this review lies in integrating communication strategies, enabling and constraining factors, digital tools, One Health perspectives, and public–private collaboration within a single analytical synthesis. The findings indicate that participatory, transparent, and coordinated communication can support disease prevention and crisis preparedness, particularly when strengthened by stakeholder trust, policy support, training, and accessible information channels. However, limited digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and cultural barriers may reduce communication effectiveness. Overall, this review highlights the need for inclusive communication systems and collaborative governance to strengthen poultry supply chain resilience in developing countries, while recognizing that the small evidence base limits broad generalization.

This review explores the integration of artificial intelligence in higher education, focusing on its impact on teaching and learning, barriers to adoption, and strategies for sustainable implementation. A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published from 2023 to 2026 was conducted, emphasizing student and educator perspectives. The findings show that AI improves learning efficiency, supports personalized learning, and enhances academic writing, while also introducing concerns related to academic integrity, algorithmic bias, AI colonialism, and limited formal training. The review suggests that successful adoption depends on institutional support, AI literacy, ethical policy frameworks, and cross-disciplinary professional development. Generative AI should serve as an enhancer rather than a replacement in human-centered education.

This study aims to examine the implementation of Probolinggo City Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2024 concerning the Respect, Protection, and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, specifically regarding entrepreneurial rights in Kanigaran District. A descriptive qualitative approach with a single case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four key informants, field observation, and documentary study. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman's interactive model, interpreted through Thomas B. Smith's policy implementation theory encompassing four variables: Idealized Policy, Target Groups, Implementing Organization, and Environmental Factors. Findings indicate that implementation has been underway but has not yet reached an optimal state. The policy possesses strong normative substance, yet socialization to target groups remains shallow and uneven. Entrepreneurial motivation among persons with disabilities is high, but constrained by limited capital, social stigma, transportation barriers, and insufficient post-training mentorship. The DKUP has conducted training and marketing facilitation programs, however capital support capacity and sustained mentorship remain critically limited. Environmental factors reveal potential through the KDK community and digital technology, while social stigma and transportation infrastructure continue to pose significant obstacles.

The implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) has become an essential part of digital transformation in the healthcare sector, aiming to improve the quality, effectiveness, efficiency, and continuity of healthcare services. In Indonesia, the implementation of EMR is supported by the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 24 of 2022, which mandates healthcare facilities to adopt electronic medical records. However, the implementation process is often challenged by various technical and non-technical factors that may affect its success. This study aims to analyze the success factors and barriers to EMR implementation in hospitals through a literature review approach. The research method used was a literature review by examining and analyzing 11 scientific articles obtained from Google Scholar and other relevant scientific sources. The findings indicate that the success of EMR implementation is influenced by three main aspects, namely human, organizational, and technological factors. Supporting factors include management commitment, user readiness, continuous training, availability of information technology infrastructure, system quality, and organizational support. Meanwhile, common barriers include limited digital literacy among healthcare workers, insufficient information technology personnel, unstable internet connectivity, system errors, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, budget limitations, and the absence of specific standard operating procedures. Furthermore, EMR implementation provides significant benefits, such as improving service efficiency, facilitating access to patient information, enhancing documentation quality, supporting communication among healthcare professionals, and increasing patient safety. Therefore, successful EMR implementation requires synergy between human resources, organizational readiness, and technological infrastructure to achieve optimal healthcare service delivery.

As a maritime nation with vast sea territories, Indonesia faces significant challenges in safeguarding its waters, particularly in strategic regions such as the Natuna Sea. This area is vulnerable to various threats, including territorial violations, marine resource theft, and illegal underwater activities. This study aims to formulate a concept for the utilization of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) as an alternative solution to enhance underwater security systems in the region. The method employed is Research and Development (R&D), adopting model development steps and complemented by a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of AUVs in the context of Indonesian maritime defense. The research findings indicate that the main strength of AUVs lies in their technological capability to effectively detect underwater threats. Although they have weaknesses, such as high operational costs, dependency on imported components, and limitations in battery endurance and sonar capabilities, these factors do not significantly hinder AUV effectiveness. Major opportunities arise from global technological advancements, yet challenges remain due to insufficient government policy support. The threats faced include the risk of sabotage and extreme weather conditions. Therefore, the recommended strategies are to maximize the use of technology, strengthen supporting regulations, and address logistical and financial barriers to realize effective and sustainable AUV operations in the Natuna Sea.

In order to raise the standard of healthcare services in the contemporary period, digital transformation in hospital management has become a phenomena. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adoption, advantages, difficulties, and success aspects of digital transformation in healthcare facilities. A literature review employing a narrative review system was the methodology. 14 papers that met the inclusion requirements were found using data sources from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases with publication years ranging from 2020 to 2025. To determine the primary study themes, data analysis was carried out utilising a thematic synthesis approach. According to the study's findings, digital transformation can enhance operational effectiveness, service quality, and patient safety by using technology including electronic health records (EHR), telemedicine, and hospital management information systems. However, there are still a number of obstacles to its adoption, such as inadequate infrastructure, inadequate human resource competency, expensive investment costs, and data security threats. Significant barriers also include a lack of system integration and opposition to change. Government policies and regulatory assistance have an impact on the success of digital transformation in hospital administration.

Kampung Batik Okra, located in Kranggan Urban Village, Bubutan District, Surabaya City, represents a community-based creative economy initiative officially inaugurated on 28 December 2022 by the Surabaya City Government. This study aims to analyze the facilitating role of the urban village administration in strengthening the creative economic capacity of residents through the batik industry, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors for community empowerment in Kampung Batik Okra. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Informants were purposively selected, encompassing village government officials, batik group administrators, artisans, and academic facilitators. The findings reveal that the urban village administration performs three principal facilitative roles: (1) facilitation of training and skill enhancement; (2) facilitation of market access and promotion; and (3) facilitation of multi-stakeholder partnerships. These roles contribute significantly to the strengthening of residents’ creative economic capacity, as evidenced by an increase in active artisans, product diversification, and expanded marketing networks. Nevertheless, limited human resource capacity within the village administration, inconsistent community participation, and restricted access to capital remain structural barriers requiring more systemic policy interventions. This research offers a conceptual framework of empowerment-based facilitating roles for urban villages, which may serve as a reference for developing creative economy villages in Indonesian urban areas.

Package C equivalency education is a strategic non-formal education policy designed to provide senior secondary education access for citizens who are not served by the formal schooling system. This study evaluates the implementation of the Package C Equivalency Education Policy at the Non-Formal Education Unit Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar in Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. The study addresses the gap between the policy objective of expanding equitable access to secondary education and the practical constraints found in local implementation. Using a qualitative evaluative case study design, the research applies the Context, Input, Process, and Product evaluation model. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis involving program managers, tutors, learners, parents, alumni, and non-formal education supervisors. The findings show that the policy is contextually relevant to learners who face economic barriers, employment demands, age constraints, and limited access to formal schooling. However, input capacity remains insufficient due to limited tutor availability, inadequate andragogical competence, insufficient learning media, and learning modules that are not yet fully contextualized. The process dimension reveals inconsistent learning schedules, lecture-dominated instruction, weak adult-learning practices, and suboptimal monitoring. Product evaluation indicates positive outcomes in graduation, academic confidence, and access to administrative requirements for work or further study, but practical skills and socio-economic impacts remain limited. The study concludes that Package C policy implementation requires stronger socialization, tutor capacity development, contextual learning resources, flexible learning management, and local policy support to generate sustainable public value.

Indonesia is currently experiencing an emergency situation regarding sexual violence, which compromises national social resilience. The enactment of the Sexual Violence Crimes Law (UU TPKS) creates new legal mandates for healthcare professionals. Midwives, serving as frontline providers in primary care and remote areas, act as the first professional contact for survivors, yet they lack adequate legal certainty regarding medico-legal duties and preparedness within the midwifery educational framework. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the regulatory synchronization concerning the limited medico-legal authority of midwives in implementing the UU TPKS and to formulate reconstruction strategies for professional standards and the national midwifery curriculum. Methods: This normative juridical (doctrinal) research utilizes statute, conceptual, analytical, and comparative approaches. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively-normatively through systematic and teleological interpretations, evaluated using coherence and prescriptive frameworks. Results: The study reveals a significant disharmony of norms between the UU TPKS and Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 2 of 2025, which imposes bureaucratic barriers on safe abortion access for rape victims. Additionally, the Midwife Professional Standards (Kepmenkes No. 320/2020) fail to integrate basic clinical forensic authorities, compounded by a national techno-centric curriculum that overlooks Trauma-Informed Care (TIC). Conclusions: Legal certainty for midwives and comprehensive justice for survivors can only be accomplished by reconstructing inclusive competency standards, eliminating administrative boundaries through the "Medical First" principle, and integrating primary health law and trauma-sensitive care modules into the national midwifery curriculum.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as Diabetes Mellitus and Gout pose a serious threat to the health of the elderly due to their often asymptomatic nature. Cost barriers hinder the elderly community from accessing laboratory services. This community service activity aims to improve health standards and early detection of NCDs through monitoring blood glucose and uric acid levels in the Generasi Kaleb community of the JKI Injil Kerajaan Church, Semarang. The Participatory Health Screening and Education method used includes health education, screening using the Point of Care Testing (POCT) tool, and personal consultation on the results. The service subjects were 50 elderly respondents. The examination results showed a prevalence of abnormal random blood glucose (GDS) of 8%, 32%, had high uric acid levels with a maximum value of 10.3 mg/dL. This activity successfully transformed the elderly's awareness from subjective perception to awareness based on objective data, and encouraged community independence in managing a healthy lifestyle to prevent further NCD complications. .

Adolescents face significant barriers in accessing reproductive health services due to fears of privacy breaches and social stigma. In primary healthcare facilities, healthcare professionals are often trapped in a dilemma between the obligation to maintain medical confidentiality based on professional ethics and national regulatory demands requiring parental involvement for underage patients. This study aims to analyze the practice of protecting adolescent patient data privacy at Mardi Saras Primary Clinic and identify the gap between practical implementation and the norms of medical ethics and applicable legal regulations. This study employs a socio-legal research method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with doctors and nurses, observation of service procedures, and study of the clinic's Standard Operating Procedures. The results indicate that although Mardi Saras Primary Clinic has implemented basic confidentiality protocols such as closed consultation rooms, there are substantial weaknesses in informed consent management, which still heavily relies on parental presence for all adolescent cases. This practice is driven by healthcare professionals' fear of legal risks, thereby ignoring the principle of developing autonomy in adolescents. These findings indicate a disparity between rigid administrative compliance and the spirit of protecting adolescent health rights within national regulations. The implication of this study underscores the urgency of developing specific SOPs that are sensitive to adolescent rights, as well as the need for continuous training for healthcare professionals regarding the legal and ethical boundaries of maintaining confidentiality for underage patients without compromising legal safety aspects.

This research examines the potential application of the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF) in Indonesia's criminal justice system, focusing on individuals who have been acquitted or have completed their sentences. The study explores the legal, social, and ethical implications of RTBF in relation to criminal records, aiming to assess how it could support the rehabilitation and reintegration of acquitted individuals. In Indonesia, criminal records often remain publicly accessible long after a person has been legally exonerated, creating barriers to social reintegration due to the stigma associated with past accusations. The study investigates the gaps in the current legal framework, such as the lack of provisions for the removal or anonymization of criminal records for acquitted individuals, and explores how RTBF could promote justice and fairness. The research uses a literature review methodology, analyzing relevant legal texts including Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law), Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, and the 1945 Indonesian Constitution. The review critically evaluates the challenges and opportunities of implementing RTBF, focusing on balancing privacy rights with public safety concerns. The findings suggest that RTBF could reduce the negative impact of criminal records on individuals who have been acquitted, facilitating their reintegration into society. However, the study also highlights the challenges in implementing RTBF due to societal and legal factors. Legal reforms recommendations allow individuals to request the removal of criminal records, aligning Indonesia's legal system with international human rights standards.

Discrimination in the workplace is a problem that can hinder the creation of a fair and inclusive work environment. Discrimination can take the form of differential treatment of employees based on gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors unrelated to individual performance and competence. To address this issue, the law plays a crucial role in providing employee protection to ensure equality and non-discrimination in the workplace. Various legal instruments, both national and international, regulate employee protection from discrimination, including the Employment Law, the Human Rights Law, and conventions issued by the International Labour Organization (ILO). However, the effective implementation of these regulations remains a challenge, particularly in terms of implementation, enforcement, and employee awareness of their rights. This study aims to analyze the role of law in protecting employees from discrimination in the workplace by examining applicable regulations and the challenges in their implementation. The research method used is a normative juridical method, which focuses on the study of relevant laws and legal principles. The analysis is conducted on national legal provisions and international legal instruments as references for protecting workers from discrimination. Furthermore, this study identifies barriers to legal implementation and offers recommendations to improve the effectiveness of legal protection for employees. This analysis is expected to provide insight into the urgency of regulatory reform and strengthening so that the law can play an optimal role in creating a fairer and more discrimination-free work environment.

This study discusses inclusive education in Early Childhood Education from the perspective of Mel Ainscow. Inclusive education is an educational approach that provides equal learning opportunities for all children without discrimination, including those with diverse learning needs. The purpose of this study is to describe the concept of inclusive education according to Mel Ainscow and to analyze its implementation in the development of early childhood education. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods. The data were collected from various written sources, including books, scientific journals, research articles, and documents related to inclusive education and early childhood education. Documentation techniques were used for data collection, while the data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings reveal that according to Mel Ainscow, inclusive education is a continuous process aimed at increasing the participation of all learners and reducing barriers to learning within educational environments. In the context of early childhood education, inclusive education can be implemented through flexible learning methods, child-friendly learning environments, and active collaboration between teachers and parents in supporting children’s development. The implementation of inclusive education also contributes positively to children’s social and emotional development, as they learn to respect diversity from an early age. However, several challenges remain, including limited facilities, insufficient teacher competence, and a lack of public understanding regarding inclusive education. Therefore, collaboration among schools, families, and the government is necessary to create an inclusive, equitable, and diversity-respecting early childhood education system.

People with disabilities still face various barriers in exercising their equal rights, including in accessing public facilities and tourism sites. This study aims to analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of Cimahi City Regulation No. 20 of 2018 on the Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, particularly at tourist attractions in Cimahi City. The approach used is qualitative, employing a case study method to explore the phenomenon of policy implementation in depth using various data sources. The research findings indicate that supporting factors include strong legal legitimacy, the local government’s political commitment, coordination across Local Government Agencies (LGAs), the use of social media for outreach, and the involvement of the disability community in the planning process. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include budget constraints, suboptimal accessibility facilities, a weak database system for disability needs, uneven public outreach, low empathy among tourism managers, and weak enforcement of sanctions. This study implies the need for strengthened oversight, optimization of resources, massive legal education, and a shift in mindset to achieve substantive inclusivity.

Education is the main driver of a nation's progress, which is not only related to intellectual intelligence, but also the formation of student character. Unfortunately, currently the world of education is facing serious problems, such as declining interest in learning and increasingly complex external factors in the digital era. This study aims to explore in depth the impact of learning motivation on student academic achievement, identifying obstacles that hinder this achievement. The method used in the current study is a literature study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through theoretical studies and analysis of various relevant scientific sources, including research journals and textbooks, which were then combined to develop a comprehensive argument. The findings of this study indicate that learning motivation is the main factor that encourages student persistence and consistency in achieving the best learning. Academic success is defined as the result of a complex interaction between internal and external factors, where the existence of a supporting ecosystem such as good learning facilities, a supportive environment, and effective communication between lecturers and students plays a very important role. On the other hand, phenomena such as digital fatigue, low independence, and excessive workload are identified as significant barriers that can reduce academic performance. This analysis concludes that there is synergy in strengthening psychological aspects and creating an adaptable learning environment to maintain the stability of academic achievement amidst global demands.

Culture and traditions in Southwest Maluku contain a wealth of local wisdom that serves as a social glue, one of which is reflected in the use of the greeting Kalwedo. This greeting is not just a mere pleasantry, but has a very strong meaning in presenting the values ​​of brotherhood and local wisdom of the people of Southwest Maluku. This study shows several things, including, this study aims to interpret the antagonistic meaning of the greeting Kalwedo as a symbol of brotherhood by using the hermeneutic approach of Hans-Georg Gadamer. The research method used is qualitative descriptive-analysis. Data analysis was carried out through three hermeneutic movements, namely phenomenology, reconstruction, and dialogue. The results of the study show that Kalwedo contains the meaning of "we are together" or "we are one" which means emphasizing the unity of existence between the greeter and the greeted. Based on Gadamer's perspective, this meaning is formed from the fusion of horizons, namely between the past and the present, where the tradition will remain alive and meaningful in the contemporary context. The Kalwedo greeting serves as a medium for erasing barriers of difference, strengthening bonds of brotherhood, and building awareness of an inclusive collective identity. In conclusion, Kalwedo is a manifestation of wirkungsgeschichte (influential history) that continuously shapes and maintains social harmony amidst the dynamics of community life in Southwest Maluku.

This study examines the effect of digital banking transformation on financial inclusion in emerging economies, using Indonesia as a case study. Digital banking transformation refers to the technological development of banking services, including accessibility, transaction speed, system security, service integration, and the availability of user-relevant financial features. Financial inclusion is defined as individuals’ ability to access, use, and benefit from formal financial services in an easy, secure, affordable, and sustainable way. This research employs a quantitative explanatory design. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to users of mobile banking, internet banking, digital bank applications, and digital payment services in Indonesia. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling with criteria of being at least 17 years old, residing in Indonesia, and having used digital banking services within the last six months. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that digital banking transformation has a positive and significant effect on financial inclusion, with a path coefficient of 0.684, a t-value of 14.276, and a p-value of 0.000. The R-square value of 0.468 shows that 46.8% of the variance in financial inclusion is explained by digital banking transformation. These findings suggest that digital banking expands access to financial services, increases usage of formal financial products, and reduces barriers related to distance and cost. However, its effectiveness still depends on digital literacy, security, trust, infrastructure, and consumer protection. The study implies that banks and regulators should strengthen inclusive, secure, and affordable digital financial services for underserved communities.

This study aims to analyze the quality of public services at the Kelurahan Air Putih, Samarinda Ulu District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through interviews and questionnaires. The findings indicate that public service quality at Kelurahan Air Putih is generally categorized as good, as reflected in the majority of respondents agreeing with most service quality indicators, including procedural clarity, staff friendliness, service speed, and administrative requirements. Service completion targets approximately 15 minutes when all requirements are met. However, several aspects still require improvement, particularly in terms of information accessibility, service speed, facility availability, and reduction of service barriers. The study concludes that routine internal evaluation and openness to community feedback are key factors in maintaining and improving service quality. In addition, strengthening employee competence through regular training, optimizing digital service systems, improving public communication, and enhancing supporting infrastructure are expected to increase service effectiveness and customer satisfaction. These improvements will also contribute to more transparent, accountable, responsive, efficient, and citizen-oriented public services while supporting sustainable improvements in local government administrative performance and public trust.

This study examines the legal protection of children's rights to inclusive education and its implications for the institutional governance of Early Childhood Education (ECE) in Indonesia. A normative juridical method with a descriptive-qualitative library-based approach is used to evaluate the coherence between macro-level child protection regulations and operational standards for school management. The data are entirely secondary, sourced from statutory laws, ministerial regulations, and pertinent scientific literature. The findings reveal a fundamental tension: the constitutional rights of children with special needs to access non-discriminatory ECE are robustly guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 35/2014 on Child Protection, and Law No. 8/2016 on Persons with Disabilities, yet a wide gap persists at the implementation level. This discrepancy arises because derivative ECE governance instruments including accreditation frameworks and curriculum standards still frame inclusion readiness as a voluntary component rather than a binding obligation. Consequently, ECE institutions encounter systemic barriers in human resource management, physical accessibility, and curricular flexibility. The study underscores the urgency of transitioning ECE management toward a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) and recommends that the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education reform accreditation instruments by embedding inclusive indicators as mandatory prerequisites for institutional feasibility, thereby aligning administrative governance with the fulfillment of children's constitutional rights.