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Low Birth Weight (LBW) refers to infants born with a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams and remains an important issue in neonatal health due to its association with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. To analyze the determinants of LBW based on primary studies published from 2021 to 2026. A literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach. Article searches were performed through PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest using the keywords low birth weight, determinant factors, risk factors, BBLR, and faktor risiko with Boolean operators AND/OR. The inclusion criteria were primary studies, full-text availability, publication in Indonesian or English, and publication years from 2021 to 2026. A total of 20 articles were included, consisting of 15 international articles and 5 national sources. The review showed that LBW is influenced by interrelated maternal, nutritional, obstetric, and sociodemographic factors during pregnancy. The most dominant factors included multiple pregnancy with an adjusted OR of 21.74, maternal food insecurity with an AOR of 6.85, maternal hemoglobin level <11 g/dL with an AOR of 5.21, lack of iron-folic acid supplementation with an AOR of 4.17, maternal age ≤20 years with an AOR of 3.42, pregnancy interval <1 year with an adjusted OR of 2.92, missed antenatal care visits with an AOR of 2.74, smoking during pregnancy with an OR of 2.18, and maternal hypertension with an AOR of 1.94. LBW is influenced by multiple interrelated factors; therefore, efforts to reduce its incidence should focus on evidence-based interventions, particularly through optimizing antenatal care services, improving maternal nutritional status, and early detection of pregnancy.

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and contributes to an increased risk of growth and developmental disorders in later life. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and the utilization of antenatal health services are important factors influencing fetal growth and development. Pregnant women with poor nutritional status are at higher risk of delivering low birth weight infants due to insufficient intake of essential nutrients required during pregnancy. In addition, inadequate utilization of antenatal care services may result in delayed detection and management of pregnancy-related complications. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal nutritional status and the utilization of health services with the incidence of LBW. The research employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all women who delivered in the working area of Puskesmas X in 2026. A total of 80 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected from maternal and child health (MCH) books and medical records and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between maternal nutritional status and the incidence of LBW (p=0.002), as well as between the utilization of health services and the incidence of LBW (p=0.004). It can be concluded that maternal nutritional status and compliance with antenatal visits are significantly associated with LBW, highlighting the need to improve nutritional monitoring and the quality of antenatal care services.

Kangaroo mother care is a treatment for low-birth-weight infants that involves direct skin-to-skin contact between the infant and the mother (skin-to-skin contact). This provides health and psychological benefits, particularly in providing warmth to the infant, enhancing maternal bonding, increasing maternal trust and satisfaction, and reducing stress. The difference in body temperature of low-birth-weight infants treated with kangaroo mother care for one hour and three hours. Research Method: The research design used was a quasi-experimental, pre-post test with control group design, which involves administering treatment or intervention to the experimental group and then measuring and analyzing the effects of the treatment. The sample size for this study was 30 people. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the independent t-test and paired t-test. The results showed that the infant's body temperature before the kangaroo mother care intervention was in the below-normal. The infant's body temperature after the intervention was in to normal range. The infant's body temperature after the kangaroo mother care intervention in the one-hour had a p value = 0,000 or <0,05). The infant's body temperature after the intervention was in to normal range. The infant's body temperature after the kangaroo mother care intervention in the three-hour had a p value = 0,000 or <0,05). The infant's body temperature after the kangaroo mother care intervention in the one-hour had a p value = 0,000 or <0,05). The infant's body temperature after the kangaroo mother care intervention in the three-hour had a p value = 0,000 or <0,05).

Pregnant women with poor nutritional status or Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) are at risk of health complications for both the mother and fetus, such as low birth weight (LBW). This study aimed to determine the relationship between pregnant women with CED and the incidence of LBW at RSUD Sultan Muhammad Jamaludin I. The study used a descriptive correlational design with a retrospective approach using secondary data from medical records. The population consisted of 330 respondents, selected by total sampling technique. Univariate and bivariate analyses (Chi-square test) were performed. Most respondents were under 35 years old (66.4%), primigravida (62.0%), in their third trimester (100%), and had tertiary education (54.2%). Most did not have LBW infants (91.8%), and most were not diagnosed with CED (24.1%). Chi-square analysis showed a significant correlation (p=0.001) with an Odds Ratio of 11.566, indicating that CED significantly influences the likelihood of LBW.

Husband support has a huge influence on wives when choosing the best course of action from pregnancy, childbirth to the post-pregnancy period so that it affects the occurrence of low birthweight. In addition, SEZ in pregnant women can cause problems not only in the mother, but also in the fetus including babies born with low birth weight. The purpose of this study was to analyze the support of husbands and SEZs in pregnant women with BBLR incidence in the working area of Telaga Biru Health Center. Quantitative research design with cross sectional approach, the population of all infants aged 0-24 months as many as 57 babies, the number of samples 57 infants using purposive sampling techniques in this study and the data were analyzed with chi-square statistical tests. The results of the study obtained that the majority of husband support was categorized as good as 46 respondents (80.7%), SEZs in pregnant women were mostly categorized as non-SEZ pregnant women as many as 44 respondents (77.2%) and the majority of BBLR events were not BBLR as many as 42 respondents (73.7%), and husband support was obtained with the incidence of BBLR p = 0.000 <α 0.05) and SEZ in pregnant women with the incidence of BBLR p = 0.000 <α 0,05. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the support of husbands and pregnant women in SEZs with the occurrence of BBLR in the working area of the Telaga Biru Health Center.

Background: LBW babies face difficulties adapting to life outside the womb because their organs, such as the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and digestive system, are not fully mature. The neonatal period is the most vulnerable period for a baby's survival, and one of the causes of newborn deaths is asphyxia. One of the complementary therapy techniques that can be used to increase saturation and hemodynamics in LBW babies is music therapy and murrotal therapy. Research method: The research method used in the intervention is a case report using the intervention method. The research was carried out in the NICU room at Tjitrowardojo Regional Hospital, Purworejo, when the research was carried out on 01-05 May 2024. The research participants were one neonate patient with a diagnosis of LBW accompanied by asphyxia. Oxygen saturation measurements were carried out before and after Murottal Surat Ar-Rahman Therapy was given. Results: After being given the Murotal Al-Qur'an Surah Ar-rahman therapy intervention within 30 minutes for five days, there was an increase in oxygen saturation in LBW babies with asphyxia on the first day from 88% to 93%, and on the fifth day there was an increase in oxygen saturation from 99 % becomes 100%.Conclusion: Murottal Al-Qur'an Surah Ar-Rahman therapy has a positive effect on oxygen saturation in patients with LBW accompanied by asphyxia

Cases of death in infants can be caused by several factors, one of which is Low Birth Weight (LBW). Babies born with low birth weight have a higher risk of experiencing delays in growth and development during childhood, and can even cause death compared to babies born with normal weight. Factors that affect LBW include: baby's length, mother's weight gain, mother's age, LILA, parity, birth spacing, nutritional anemia, and ANC. The purpose of this research is to find out the factors associated with LBW at the Bawangan Ploso Health Center, Jombang Regency, East Java Province in 2020. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all births recorded in the infant cohort data and data on pregnant and giving birth in the Bawangan Ploso Health Center, Jombang Regency for the period January 2020 to December 2020. The number of babies born in that period was 604 babies. Sampling used purposive sampling with a total sample of 100 respondents determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the baby's length was pertinent to LBW (p = 0,000 < 0,05), maternal weight gain was pertinent to LBW (p = 0,000 < 0,05), maternal age was pertinent to LBW (p = 0,002), LILA was pertinent to LBW (p = 0,000 < 0,05), parity was not pertinent to LBW (p = 0,096 > 0,05), birth spacing was pertinent to LBW (p = 0,000 < 0,05), nutritional anemia was pertinent to LBW (p = 0,000 < 0,05), and ANC was not pertinent to LBW (p = 0,243 > 0,05). Based on the multivariate test, the weight gain of pregnant women is the dominant factor that influences the incidence of LBW.

Babies with Low Birth Weight is a health problem that contributes to infant mortality. Low birth weight babies are not only at risk of death in the early months of life, but also at risk for other health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the demographic survey of BBLR events. This research method was carried out with quantitative descriptiveness. The sample amounted to 28 BBLR events at Pangeran Jaya Sumitra Hospital from June to November 2022 analyzed univariately. The results of the univariate analysis are the highest maternal age in the range of 20-35 years (92.9%), the most maternal education at the secondary level (78.6%), the variable location of residence which almost entirely comes from Kotabaru Regency which is 96.4%, based on the area where the most lives are obtained from urban areas which is 57.1%, and the most parity variable at number 1 which is 39.3%. The implication of the study is that the results of demographic surveys about the incidence of low birth weight in hospitals can be used to screen the potential occurrence of low birth weight in mothers who are preparing for pregnancy or are pregnant.    

Indonesia ranks ninth in the world with more than 15.5% of newborns experiencing LBW annually. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of MCH officers in early detection of LBW in pregnantwomen at the Poasia Health Center. This type of research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The informant determination technique was carried out by purposive sampling. Data collection used interviews and observations with research informants, namely 2 MCH officers and 2 pregnant women who had their pregnancies checked at the Poasia Health Center. pregnant at risk of LBW or not. As well as meeting ANC standards, however, the knowledge possessed by pregnant women who check their pregnancies at the Poasia Health Center is still lacking because pregnant women do not receive counseling related to LBW from KIA officers.

Preeclampsia is one of the causes of AKI and IMR. The causes of maternal death in Batam City are preeclampsia/eclampsia 35.7%, bleeding 14.3% and other causes 50%. Mothers with preeclampsia have a greater risk of giving birth to babies with LBW when compared to mothers with pregnancies without complications. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between preeclampsia and the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW). Quantitative research method with observational analytic design, cross-sectional research design. The sample in this study were 35 women giving birth with mild pre-eclampsia at the Embung Fatimah Hospital. Sampling technique with total samplingl. Data analysis using Chi Square. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between preeclampsia and the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW) at Embung Fatimah Hospital, Batam City (P value = 0.003 <0.05). the Oods Ratio value is 13,500 (2,256-80,792) which means that mothers with preeclampsia are 13 times more at risk of giving birth to babies with LBW babies than mothers who do not have preeclampsia. Pregnant women should carry out continuous antenatal visits from the beginning of pregnancy, so that risk factors can be detected early.    

Kenaikan berat badan selama kehamilan yang kurang dari normal dapat meningkatkan resiko bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) sedangkan peningkatan berat badan yang berlebihan dapat meningkakan resiko bayi dengan berat lahir tinggi atau makrosomia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kenaikan berat badan ibu selama kehamilan dengan berat badan lahir bayi. Desain penelitian meggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling sehingga didapatkan 56 responden. Pengambilan data lembar observasi dan analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan α 5% (p <0,05). Hasil analisis menggunakan chi square dengan nilai p value=0,026 menunjukkan terdapat hubungan kenaikan berat badan ibu selama kehamilan dengan berat badan lahir bayi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu hamil di RSIA Sitti Khadijah Kota Gorontalo mengalami kenaikan berat badan yang normal dengan melahirkan paling banyak bayi dengan berat badan normal. Diharapkan ibu dapat mengevaluasi terkait gizi sebelum hamil dan selama hamil sehingga dapat memiliki kenaikan berat badan normal selama kehamilan.    

Salah satu yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat saat ini adalah BBLR dengan berat badan kurang dari 2500gr. Prevalensi kasus BBLR di RSU Delima Medan pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 53,0%, pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 59,1%, pada tahun 2021 sebanyak 61,38%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya BBLR di RSU Delima Medan Tahun 2022.  Penelitian ini adalah survey analitik kuantitatif, dengan case control study. Populasi penelitian ini ibu yang melahirkan bayi dengan BBLR, bulan Januari 2022 sampai April 2022, pengambilan sampel sebanyak 56 sampel dengan perbandingan sampel 1:1 dengan uji statistik univariat, bivariat, multivariat. Hasil penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian BBLR : umur ibu dengan p(sig) 0,004, umur kehamilan dengan p(sig) 0,005, paritas dengan p(sig) 0,002, Jarak kehamilan dengan p(sig) 0,000, Riwayat penyakit dengan p(sig) 0,002, Komplikasi kehamilan dengan p(sig) 0,005, Faktor yang tidak berpengaruh adalah pekerjaan ibu dengan p(sig) 0,252, Faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh adalah jarak kehamilan dengan Exp(B)0,001. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan ada pengaruh  umur ibu, umur kehamilan, paritas, jarak kehamilan, komplikasi kehamilan, dan riwayat penyakit terhadap terjadinya BBLR. Disarankan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya di poli kebidanan RSU Delima untuk memberikan konseling tentang menjaga kehamilan, merawat kehamilan serta bekerjasama dengan faskes tingkat I agar edukasi dan konseling kepada seluruh ibu hamil dapat tercapai.

Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi yang lahir kurang dari atau sama dengan 2.500 gram dengan usia kehamilan < 37 minggu. Data rekam medis Rumkit Tk. III 04.06.02 Bhakti Wira Tamtama Semarang pada bulan januari dan februari 2020 sebanyak 22 bayi bayi. Adapun permasalahan pada Bayi BBLR yaitu ketidakstabilan suhu tubuh, gangguan pernapasan, imunitas imurologis, rentan kurang gizi, lemahnya reflek pengisap dan menelan motilitas usus. Pengganti inkubator adalah alternatif yang efektif dan ekonomis, salah satunya adalah Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan PMK dalam peningkatan berat badan pada bayi BBLR. Jenis penelitian ini adalah diskriptif dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah dua orang bayi BBLR dengan penerapan PMK dilakukan 60menit/hari selama 6 hari dan dilakukan pengukuran BB setelah 24 jam penerapan PMK terakhir. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa berat badan pada bayi BBLR pada subjek I dan II sebelum dilakukan PMK adalah 2217 gram dan 2200 gram dan setelah dilakukan PMK adalah 2554 gram dan 2510 gram sehingga mengalami peningkatan BB sebesar 337 gram dan 310 gram. Kesimpulan hasil peningkatan BB disebabkan perbedaan pada konsumsi nutrisi setiap individu berbeda sehingga adanya pengaruh penerapan PMK mendapatkan hasil yang berbeda. Penelitian ini direkomendasikan dalam perawatan bayi BBLR dan Rumkit Tk. III 04.06.02 Bhakti Wira Tamtama Semarang dapat menjadikan perawatan metode kanguru sebagai standar tindakan keperawatan untuk meningkatkan BB pada bayi BBLR.

In 2018, Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data showed that the prevalence of wasting in children under five in Indonesia was 10.2%, while in the age group under two years (baduta) it was higher, namely 11.7%. Nutrition Status Monitoring Data for 2017 also shows that the prevalence of wasting in under-fives is higher, which is 12.8% when compared to the toddler group, which is 9.5% (Ministry of Health RI, 2018). Based on the WHO classification, wasting in the underdog group in Indonesia is categorized as a serious public health problem, with a prevalence in the range of 10-14%. Malnutrition that occurs in 1,000 HPK, besides being at risk of inhibiting physical growth (failure to thrive) and being susceptible to disease (metabolic disorders: DM. Hypertension, obesity), also inhibits cognitive development (motor cognitive impairment) which will affect the level of intelligence and productivity of children in the future.    

Masalah gizi terbagi menjadi masalah makro dan mikro.  Masalah gizi makro adalah masalah yang utamanya disebabkan oleh kekurangan atau ketidakseimbangan asupan energi dan protein. Manifestasi masalah gizi makro bila terjadi pada wanita subur dan ibu hamil yang kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) adalah berat badan bayi baru lahir yang rendah (BBLR). Keadaan tersebut bila terjadi pada anak balita akan mengakibatkan marasmus dengan kwashiorkor atau marasmic kwashiorkor dan selanjutnya akan terjadi gangguan pertumbuhan pada anak usia sekolah. Masalah gizi terbagi menjadi masalah makro dan mikro.  Masalah gizi makro adalah masalah yang utamanya disebabkan oleh kekurangan atau ketidakseimbangan asupan energi dan protein. Manifestasi masalah gizi makro bila terjadi pada wanita subur dan ibu hamil yang kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) adalah berat badan bayi baru lahir yang rendah (BBLR). Keadaan tersebut bila terjadi pada anak balita akan mengakibatkan marasmus dengan kwashiorkor atau marasmic kwashiorkor dan selanjutnya akan terjadi gangguan pertumbuhan pada anak usia sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh pemberdayaan keluarga  terhadap  pengetahuan pengelolaan  makanan lokal Bagi Balita di Desa Noepesu. . Besar sampel 120 ibu yang mempunyai balita untuk kelompok eksperimen dan 60  orang ibu balita sebagai kelompok control 60 orang.Hasil penelitian  variable pengetahuan gizi (X1) mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap perilaku gizi ibu dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,333. artinya bahwa apabila pengetahuan gizi meningkat sebesar 1 persen maka perilaku gizi akan meningkat sebesar 0,333 persen. Simpulan dari penelitian ini pemberdayaan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan  ibu dalam memanfaatkan makanan local untuk balita  

Stunting merupakan salah satu kondisi kegagalan pertumbuhan fisik yang diukur berdasarkan tinggi badanmenurut umur. Batasan stunting menurut WHO yaitu tinggi badan menurut umur berdasarkan Z‐score samadengan atau kurang dari ‐2SD di bawah rata‐rata standar. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiprevalensi stunting pada anak usia sekolah di Indonesia, serta faktor risiko stunting dan upaya pencegahannya.Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi yaitu 37,2% pada balita (Riskesdas, 2013), 27,6 sampai 37,7% pada anak laki‐laki usia 5 – 12 tahun dan 25,1 sampai 35,8% untuk anak perempuan. Angka tersebut masihmelebihi batas non public health WHO yaitu 20%. Stunting disebabkan oleh berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR),defisiensi gizi kronis sejak bayi, kurangnya asupan kalori, protein, vitamin dan mineral, terutama vitamin D.Stunting mengakibatkan kemampuan pertumbuhan yang rendah pada masa berikutnya, baik fisik maupunkognitif, dan akan berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas di masa dewasa.Kata Kunci : Stunting, Faktor Risiko, Anak Usia Sekolah