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Social and economic welfare reflects the quality of life in a region and is influenced by local social, economic, and environmental factors. East Java, as the second most populous province in Indonesia, faces challenges in improving the welfare of its residents, particularly due to varying regional characteristics such as employment, education, and population demographics. To understand the patterns of interrelationships among factors affecting welfare, this study conducted a klaster analysis to group regions based on similar characteristics. The klaster analysis employed both hierarchical (complete linkage) and non-hierarchical (K-means) approaches to determine the optimal number of klasters. The results revealed that the level of diversity across regions in East Java tends to be homogeneous in social and economic aspects, with average values exceeding standard deviations. Assumption tests for the klaster analysis confirmed that the data met the assumptions of multivariate normal distribution and dependency.Through hierarchical (complete linkage) and non-hierarchical (K-means) klaster analysis, two main klasters were formed, dividing districts/cities in East Java based on welfare characteristics. Using the complete linkage method, 27 regions were grouped into klaster 1, and 11 regions into klaster 2, while K-means grouped 26 regions into klaster 1 and 12 regions into klaster 2. Out of the six variables used, one variable was found to be insignificant in influencing the klastering results. Based on the mapping results, the grouping aligns with similar criteria, where urban areas predominantly fall into one klaster, and the other klaster is dominated by rural areas.

Improving the quality of Human Resources (HR) is a major challenge in facing global competition. Education as the main means of improving the quality of HR in Indonesia is still faced with the problem of inequality of access and quality between regions. This inequality causes disparities in educational development between urban and remote areas. This study focuses on grouping provinces in Indonesia based on aspects of educational development in 2023, using cluster analysis. Secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) is used as the basis for analysis, including variables of average length of schooling, Gross Participation Rate (APK), Pure Participation Rate (APM), number of senior high schools, and community literacy development index. This study uses hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis methods to group provinces in Indonesia. The results of the hierarchical cluster analysis using the average linkage method show the most optimal cluster with the formation of three clusters. The first cluster consists of 31 provinces, the second cluster consists of 2 provinces, and the third cluster consists of 1 province. Data characteristics show large variations in the number of senior high schools and relative homogeneity in the average length of schooling between provinces.

The purpose of this study is to show how much green finance—which includes investments in renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, green technology, social investment, and green bonds—can help a sample of Iraqi bank employees achieve sustainable financial performance, including accounting, marketing, and comprehensive performance. The research problem was that the banking system and the government must work together effectively to provide the required financial tools, such as low-cost bank loans and exemptions from environmental taxes, in order to achieve sustainable financial performance and make the shift to a green economy. By examining the connection between these factors, two primary hypotheses were created to gauge the degree of influence and linkage. The primary instrument for gathering information pertaining to the field component of the study was the questionnaire form. There were 179 people in the sample. The study included a variety of statistical techniques, including standard deviations, arithmetic averages, and structural equation modeling with the aid of statistical tools (spss.var.29, amos.var.26). The most significant of the conclusions drawn was that green financing has a morally beneficial effect on sustainable financial performance.

Poverty in Aceh Province is a significant challenge with variation between districts/cities due to differences in access to education, health, job opportunities, and infrastructure. This study aims to group districts/cities in Aceh based on poverty indicators in 2021 in order to produce a more targeted policy basis. The research data consists of 23 poverty indicators obtained from secondary sources. Cluster analysis is applied using hierarchical (average linkage) and non-hierarchical (K-Means) methods to identify poverty patterns between regions. The results of the hierarchical cluster show that there are two main groups, namely the first cluster has low poverty rates, higher education, strong purchasing power, and low unemployment, while the second cluster has the opposite characteristics. The non-hierarchical analysis (K-Means) produced five clusters with significant differences in poverty levels, labor force participation, education, and economy. These findings provide a basis for the Aceh government to design poverty alleviation policies that focus on the specific needs of each cluster to accelerate the improvement of welfare in all districts/cities in Aceh Province.

Poverty means the inability to fulfill the basic needs of family members, both food and non-food.  In this study, we will analyze several indicators that are assumed to be factors that influence poverty in East Java in 2023, including East Java in 2023, including the percentage of poor people, life expectancy, average years of schooling, and unemployment rate. life expectancy, average years of schooling, and open unemployment rate using cluster analysis to group kabupatens. cluster analysis to group districts/cities into clusters based on the factors that influence poverty. factors that influence poverty. The data used is secondary data obtained through the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) website as much as 38 data. Then the data obtained were analyzed for data characteristics, multivariate normal distribution assumption test, independent assumption test, and cluster analysis. assumption test, multivariate normal distribution, independent assumption test, cluster analysis hierarchical, and non-hierarchical cluster analysis, and selection of the best method to determine the optimum cluster. optimum cluster. So that the results obtained data characteristics tend not to be equal, fulfill the multivariate normal distribution assumption test, dependent data. At Hierarchical clustering results obtained the grouping of districts/cities in East Java based on the factors that influence poverty into 5 based on factors that influence poverty into 5 clusters, with 7 districts/municipalities in cluster 1, 16 districts/municipalities in cluster 2, 10 districts/municipalities in cluster 3, 4 districts/municipalities in cluster 4. districts/municipalities in cluster 3, 4 districts/municipalities in cluster 4, and 1 district/municipality in cluster 5. Based on these results, differences in characteristics between clusters indicates that there are significant variations in poverty factors in each region. The results of the non-hierarchical clustering resulted in the grouping of districts/municipalities in East Java based on the factors affecting poverty into 2 clusters, with 13 clusters. factors that influence poverty as many as 2 clusters, with 13 cluster 1, 25 districts/cities in cluster 2. Also, the results of the ANOVA test results obtained the results of all variables of the factors that influencing poverty in districts/municipalities in East Java Province significantly on poverty.

Coumarin, a key bioactive compound in cinnamon, is known for its anticoagulant, antibiotic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. This study investigates the potential of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) extract as a natural anticoagulant using both the Lee-White method, for visual observation of clotting time, and blood smear analysis for microscopic evaluation. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of the extract in preventing blood coagulation compared to untreated blood samples. Results demonstrated that blood without any anticoagulant clotted within an average time of 5 minutes and 33 seconds. In contrast, blood treated with cinnamon extract did not exhibit coagulation, indicating a significant anticoagulant effect. Microscopic examination further supported these findings, as the blood cells in the treated samples appeared separated, with no visible aggregation or linkage between the cells. These findings suggest that cinnamon extract has strong potential as a natural anticoagulant, offering a safer and more accessible alternative to synthetic anticoagulants. Further research could explore its applications in medical treatments, particularly in conditions requiring blood thinning or clot prevention. This study highlights the potential of cinnamon as a valuable bioactive agent in the field of biomedical science, especially for anticoagulation therapies.

The South Sumatra Independent Food Movement (GSMP) Mentoring aims to improve the organizational capabilities of farmer communities in South Sumatra, through improving Organizational Capability. The main problem faced is the suboptimal field assistance related to plant and fish cultivation. A participatory approach is applied through socialization, formation of working groups, identification of needs, preparation of action plans, training, and technical assistance, as well as development of market access. The results of the study showed a significant increase in farmer welfare, marked by an increase in average income of 25%, an increase in food production of 20%, and strengthening local capacity. This program has also succeeded in increasing farmer access to agricultural technology and wider markets, in accordance with the theory of community empowerment, human capital, and market linkage. Recommendations for the sustainability of this program include the application of a participatory approach and ongoing assistance in other community empowerment initiatives