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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), financial performance, and Earning Per Share (EPS) on firm value. The object of this research consists of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2021–2024. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data in the form of annual financial statements as the primary source. The sample was selected using purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria, ensuring that only companies with complete data and consistent reporting were included in the analysis. The independent variables analyzed include the audit committee, independent commissioners, institutional ownership, Return on Assets (ROA), and Earning Per Share (EPS). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to process the data in this study, allowing the researchers to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of the variables on firm value. The findings indicate that firm value is significantly influenced by financial performance, particularly ROA, highlighting the importance of operational efficiency and profitability in enhancing shareholder wealth. While certain GCG variables such as institutional ownership showed positive influence, other elements like audit committees and independent commissioners produced mixed results, suggesting that governance mechanisms may have varying effects depending on organizational context. Meanwhile, EPS demonstrated inconsistent results in relation to firm value, implying that market perceptions of earnings may not fully capture the impact on overall firm valuation. This study provides insights for policymakers, investors, and corporate managers on the relative importance of governance and financial indicators in value creation for state-owned enterprises.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on firm value and examine the role of audit committees and gender diversity as moderating variables in raw materials companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using a quantitative approach with a sample of 58 companies selected through purposive sampling, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results show that CSR has a positive and significant effect on firm value, indicating that the higher the disclosure and implementation of CSR, the higher the market appreciation of the company. However, audit committees and gender diversity were not proven to be able to moderate the relationship between CSR and firm value. This finding implies that although CSR has been proven effective in increasing firm value through positive investor perceptions, corporate governance mechanisms represented by audit committees and gender diversity have not functioned optimally in strengthening this relationship. Therefore, companies need to consistently improve the quality of CSR implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of the role of audit committees and gender diversity policies so that they are not merely regulatory compliance but actually contribute to overseeing and directing the company's sustainability strategy.  

Stock price crash risk has become a critical concern in investment decision making and risk management, drawing the attention of investors and regulators amid a dynamic global business environment and repeated financial crises. However, empirical evidence on this issue remains limited in developing countries, particularly in the Iraqi context. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between board characteristics—board gender diversity, board size, and board independence—and stock price crash risk, as well as the mediating role of audit committee effectiveness. The study uses secondary data from ten banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX) during the 2017–2023 period. The findings show that board gender diversity and board size significantly reduce stock price crash risk. Higher female representation on boards is associated with more conservative decision making and stronger monitoring, which improves financial reporting transparency. An appropriately sized board also enhances oversight and lowers the likelihood of extreme negative stock price movements. In addition, the results indicate that the frequency of audit committee meetings mediates the relationship between board independence and stock price crash risk, suggesting that board independence is more effective when supported by an active audit committee. This study recommends that investors and financial analysts consider board characteristics and audit committee effectiveness when assessing firm value and risk. Furthermore, regulators and policymakers are encouraged to promote gender diversity on corporate boards to strengthen governance quality and reduce the probability of stock price crashes.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of company size and Good Corporate Governance (Institutional Ownership, Independent Board of Commissioners, and Audit Committee) on Company Value in energy sector issuers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021–2024 period. The research method applied in this study is a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from company annual reports. The population includes energy companies operating in the Oil, Gas, and Coal sub-sectors. The sample was determined through purposive sampling, resulting in 60 data observations consisting of 15 companies over four consecutive years. The analytical technique employed utilizes SPSS software version 55 with multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationships among variables. The results indicate that company size significantly influences company value. Good corporate governance proxied by institutional ownership shows a negative effect on firm value, while independent commissioners and audit committees have no significant effect. Simultaneous findings confirm that company size and good corporate governance together influence firm value.

The objective of this study is to directly analyze and illustrate the compositioneof the auditecommittee, which consists of financial knowledge, independence and the quantity of members on the committee, concerning the financial statement quality of energy sector industries listed on the IDX in 2023-2024.High-quality financial statements are a crucial component reflecting the outcome of the accounting process and are vital for stakeholders in decision-making. Despite regulatory requirements for audit committees, corporate financial statements in Indonesia often contain earnings management or accounting irregularities, indicating that the audit committee's very existence is insufficient to guarantee financial statements' quality. A numerical approach with a causal-comparative approach is utilized in this investigation. The secondary quantitative data are obtained from companies’ yearly financial statements, annual reports, and corporate governance disclosures published on the official IDX website. The data are examined using EViews software for panel data regression, going through many steps, including descriptive statistics, classical assumption testing, panel data model selection, and regression analysis for hypothesis testing. The audit committee's size, objectivity, and financial acumen make up the study's independent variables. Meanwhile, financial statement quality as the dependent variable is measured through earnings quality proxy using the discretionary accruals calculation approach (Jones model or Modified Jones model). Specifically, this research seeks to deliver theoretical and practical benefits for regulators in formulating corporate governance policies, give companies a comprehension of the importance of an effective audit committee, and help investors make informed investment choices.

Taxes are a primary source of government revenue and play a crucial role in economic development. However, tax avoidance practices are still widely practiced by companies, including in the mining sector, which has significant potential to generate state revenue. This study aims to examine the influence of financial distress, corporate governance (independent commissioners and audit committees), and institutional ownership on tax avoidance in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2023 period. The study population consisted of 83 companies, and through purposive sampling, 61 companies were selected, with a total of 244 observations. The analysis used panel data regression with the help of Eviews 25. The results indicate that financial distress and institutional ownership have a positive effect on tax avoidance, while independent commissioners and audit committees have a negative effect on tax avoidance. These findings suggest that a company's financial condition and ownership structure play a significant role in determining tax avoidance policies.

In addition to the key findings, the study also emphasizes the importance of fostering a deeper understanding of the role of audit committees within the broader context of financial governance. Despite the recognition of the audit committee’s importance in improving the quality of financial reporting, the findings indicate that there is a significant gap in the implementation of best practices across private commercial banks in Iraq. This gap is attributed to the lack of full compliance with regulatory requirements regarding the composition of audit committees, particularly in terms of ensuring independence and financial expertise. The study further reveals that while the audit committee's independence and expertise play a crucial role in enhancing the quality and relevance of financial information, many banks still struggle to implement effective oversight mechanisms. This situation is exacerbated by the complex regulatory environment in Iraq, where overlapping supervisory authorities and weak enforcement of governance mechanisms hinder the effectiveness of financial reporting processes. The lack of coordination between audit committees and internal audit units, as well as the limited ability to assess financial performance, further undermines the oversight function of audit committees. To address these challenges, the study suggests several recommendations, including enhancing the legal framework to enforce stricter compliance with the formation of qualified and independent audit committees. Additionally, increasing awareness and training among stakeholders about the importance of audit committees and their roles in ensuring transparent and reliable financial disclosures is crucial. Strengthening the oversight function and improving coordination between audit committees and internal audit units will also help in mitigating the existing weaknesses in the financial reporting process. These steps are essential for improving the reliability of financial information, thereby fostering investor confidence and contributing to the overall stability of the banking sector in Iraq.

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure on tax aggressiveness with financial distress as a moderating variable. The population in this study was manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019-2023. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 70 companies with 350 analysis units (panel data). The results of this study indicate that corporate governance proxied by independent commissioners has a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness. Meanwhile, corporate governance proxied by institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and audit committees has no effect on tax aggressiveness. In addition, CSR disclosure also has no effect on tax aggressiveness. Financial distress is proven weaken the negative relationship between independent commissioners and tax aggressiveness, but is not proven to weaken the negative relationship between institutional ownership, managerial ownership, audit commitees, and CSR disclosure on tax aggressiveness. This study is provides for stakeholders, such as managers, shareholders, and the government in developing strategies to reduce tax aggressiveness practices.

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Audit Committee and Leverage on Financial Statement Integrity in Food and Beverages Sector Manufacturing Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021-2023 Period. The data used in this research is secondary data in the form of financial reports and annual reports of food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the IDX from 2021-2023. The population in this study amounted to 20 company reports, with the sample determined through purposive sampling technique, and obtained a research sample of 18 companies. The analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression using SPSS software version 25. The test results show that managerial ownership, audit committee have a positive influence on the integrity of financial statements, while institutional ownership and leverage have no influence on the integrity of financial statements.

This qualitative literature review explores the relationship between internal governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Drawing insights from recent studies, the review identifies key governance elements—such as board independence, ethical leadership, and audit committees—that enhance CSR outcomes by fostering accountability and stakeholder alignment. Additionally, emerging governance trends, including digital tools and ESG integration, are examined to understand their impact on CSR performance. Comparative analysis highlights the contextual differences across industries and regions, emphasizing the role of cultural, regulatory, and institutional factors in shaping governance-CSR dynamics. The findings underscore the importance of robust and context-specific governance strategies to optimize CSR initiatives and achieve sustainable development. This review also discusses its limitations and suggests directions for future research, including the integration of emerging technologies and sector-specific analyses.

  Government-regulated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs are intended to reduce the impact on society and the environment, but CSR cannot be done without the support of good corporate governance (GCG). The purpose of this study is to ascertain and examine previous research on the impact of corporate governance and environmental and social responsibility, or CSR, on corporate value, financial performance, and profits. This research combines qualitative methods with a literature study strategy, which involves using data collected from publications published in national journals to support ideas. Twenty samples of indexed and non-indexed articles were selected by the researchers from Google Scholar. Based on the findings of previous research studies, this study found that the impact of corporate governance (GCG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance and firm value varies. By increasing stakeholder trust, CSR often improves profitability, however, these benefits are not always visible due to high implementation costs. The contribution of corporate governance, including audit committees and independent boards, to business efficiency and transparency varies. Researchers believe that a more thorough study of the impact of GCG and CSR on firm value, financial performance, and profits will be conducted in the future.    

The Author, 2024. The Influence of Female Audit Committees, Audit Committee Work Experience, and Audit Committee Accounting & Finance Education on the Value of Manufacturing Companies (In Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022). Thesis Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Palangka Raya University. Supervisor: Dr. Fitria Husnatarina, SE., M.Si., Ak., CA and Rini Oktavia, SE., M.Sc. This research aims to explain the influence of female audit committees, audit committee work experience, and audit committee accounting & finance education on company value. This research uses secondary data, the population used in this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The sampling technique in this research was using a purposive sampling method. There are 23 manufacturing companies that meet the sample criteria in this research, so the observation data amounts to 92. The data analysis method in this research uses SPSS statistical tools with multiple regression analysis equations. The research results show that: (1) The existence of a female audit committee has an influence on increasing company value significantly; (2) Audit Committee Work Experience has a positive and significant effect on Company Value; and (3) Audit Committee Accounting and Finance Education has a positive and statistically significant relationship to Company Value.

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of environmental performance on the sustainability reporting of companies in Indonesia, utilizing the PROPER scale as a measurement tool. This research examines whether there is an improvement in sustainability report disclosures associated with the environmental performance assessed through the PROPER scale. The study involves companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that have published annual and sustainability reports for five consecutive years. The analytical method employed is WarpPLS, with a total of 85 observations. WarpPLS is used to identify statistical relationships between environmental performance and the intensity of sustainability reporting. The findings indicate that there is an enhancement in sustainability report disclosures when the audit committee and board of directors hold regular meetings. Companies without governance committees tend to focus more on governance improvement rather than on disclosing sustainability reports. Good environmental performance, particularly in companies with specific industry types and the presence of governance committees, enhances sustainability reporting. However, companies with strong environmental performance tend to make the audit committee and board of directors focus on other responsibilities, given that the community already understands that these companies manage their environmental impact well. This study underscores the importance of the Indonesian government's support in encouraging, facilitating, and urging companies to achieve the gold category in the PROPER scale. This not only demonstrates good environmental performance but also enhances sustainability report disclosures. This research implies that good environmental performance should be accompanied by increased transparency in sustainability reporting to truly contribute to sustainable development.    

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of environmental performance on the sustainability reporting of companies in Indonesia, utilizing the PROPER scale as a measurement tool. This research examines whether there is an improvement in sustainability report disclosures associated with the environmental performance assessed through the PROPER scale. The study involves companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that have published annual and sustainability reports for five consecutive years. The analytical method employed is WarpPLS, with a total of 85 observations. WarpPLS is used to identify statistical relationships between environmental performance and the intensity of sustainability reporting. The findings indicate that there is an enhancement in sustainability report disclosures when the audit committee and board of directors hold regular meetings. Companies without governance committees tend to focus more on governance improvement rather than on disclosing sustainability reports. Good environmental performance, particularly in companies with specific industry types and the presence of governance committees, enhances sustainability reporting. However, companies with strong environmental performance tend to make the audit committee and board of directors focus on other responsibilities, given that the community already understands that these companies manage their environmental impact well. This study underscores the importance of the Indonesian government's support in encouraging, facilitating, and urging companies to achieve the gold category in the PROPER scale. This not only demonstrates good environmental performance but also enhances sustainability report disclosures. This research implies that good environmental performance should be accompanied by increased transparency in sustainability reporting to truly contribute to sustainable development.

This research aims to examine the effect of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance in IDX companies. The population in the research uses the property and real estate sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020 - 2022. The results of this research indicate that corporate governance on independent commissioners, audit committees has an effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, corporate governance in institutional ownership has no effect on tax avoidance. And corporate social responsibility has an effect on tax avoidance.    

This study aims to determine the effect of audit committees, environmental costs, intellectual capital, liquidity and company growth on company financial performance in food and beverage sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2023 period totaling 126 companies. The data used in this study were obtained from financial report data and annual reports. The population in this study were food and beverage sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling method and 160 sample data were obtained from 32 companies. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results of this study indicate that environmental costs and company growth have a positive and significant effect on the company's financial performance, while the audit committee, intellectual capital, liquidity do not affect the company's financial performance.

Good audit quality is an important factor in ensuring the integrity and reliability of an entity's financial reports. This research aims to examine the influence of free cash flow and audit committee effectiveness on audit quality. Free cash flow reflects the availability of financial resources for a company to finance operational and audit activities. Meanwhile, an effective audit committee can ensure adequate oversight of the financial reporting and audit processes. This research uses panel data which includes companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2022 period. Free cash flow is measured using the ratio of operating cash flow to total assets, while audit committee effectiveness is measured using a composite score that includes the audit committee's independence, expertise and activities. Audit quality is assessed based on proxies such as the size of the public accounting firm, auditor industry specialization, and audit fees. The research results show that free cash flow and audit committee effectiveness have a significant positive influence on audit quality. Companies with high free cash flow tend to have adequate resources to pay higher audit fees, thereby encouraging auditors to carry out a more in-depth and quality audit process. In addition, an effective audit committee can ensure good oversight of the financial reporting and audit process, thereby improving audit quality. These findings provide important implications for companies and regulators in improving audit quality through managing free cash flow and establishing effective audit committees. Future research can explore other factors that influence audit quality and include relevant control variables.

This analysis aims to examine the influence of tax planning and GCG on firm value in sector energy companies listed on the IDX for the period 2020-2022. The independent variable uses tax planning and GCG, while the dependent variable is firm value. Data obtained from consolidated financial reports of  energy sector companies listed on the IDX for three research periods, namely 2020 - 2022, so that 51 samples were obtained for processing. Multiple liniear regression analysis was carried out to show the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of the analysis show that tax planning has an effect on firm value, while institutional ownership, managerial ownership, independent commissioners and audit committees have no effect on firm value.

Fraud is related to fraudulent actions that are carried out intentionally and result in another party suffering losses. The main issue raised in this research is related to the large number of fraud cases that occur in Sharia Commercial Banks. The underlying reason for researching this issue is because, the majority of Sharia Commercial Banks have formed independent audit committees, held audit committee meetings, and given audit committee terms of service by referring to POJK N0.55/POJK.04/2015 concerning the Formation and Implementation Guidelines for Committee Work. Auditing. The formulation of the problem is whether the number of audit committees, audit committee meetings and the number of audit committees that occurs in banking, can it influence internal fraud that occurs in banking. With the aim of having audit committee meetings and the number of audit committees, it can minimize the risk of fraud in banking.This research is quantitative research, namely research based on the philosophy of positivism, used to research certain populations and samples, data collection using research instruments, data analysis is quantitative or statistical. Data analysis uses statistics by presenting data using tables. Because the data obtained in this research is in the form of financial report figures. The figures obtained will be analyzed further in data analysis, the data management process uses eviews 10.From the research results, it can be concluded that the variable number of audit committees has a significant effect on internal fraud in Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia for the 2018-2021 period. The Audit Committee Meeting variable has an insignificant negative effect on Internal Fraud in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the 2018-2021 period. And the variables Number of Audit Committees and Audit Committee Meetings have a significant effecton Internal Fraud in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the 2018-2021 period.

Good Corporate Governance is the most well-known principle in the world for maintaining the integrity of world organizations. Almost all international locations in all countries adhere to the foundation of building responsibility and openness. Unfortunately, in its application, GCG does not explain the values ​​of stakeholders. The study aims to reconstruct GCG (OECD version) and look for a more appropriate Sharia Concept. Of course, this will provide a solution to the problem itself. After analyzing the values ​​and character of SET, we built a modern GCG positioned on Islamic concepts. These concepts are; One; deeper sympathy from stakeholders, second; principles regarding stakeholder rights: third, equality in stakeholder behavior, fourth, the principle of openness, finally, regarding corporate accountability.Weak GCG practices in Indonesia are caused by the low level of protection for investors, law enforcement, transparency and ineffective public company audit committees. This condition strongly encourages the need for effective and efficient global corporate governance. Islamic Corporate Governance The Islamic perspective lies in the Islamic Company Theory which has greater concern for wider stakeholders which include God, humans and nature. The difference in goals between conventional Corporate Governance and Sharia GCG which tends to adhere to Sharia Enterprise Theory (SET). SET equates material and spiritual values. This shows that Sharia GCG does not only achieve material benefits, but also spiritual values. SET also equates egoistic values ​​with altruistic values, which in Islamic law are realized in the form of worship.