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Tiku Beach in Tanjung Mutiara District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra is a 12.77 km coastal area experiencing continuous shoreline changes due to abrasion and accretion. This study aims to identify and map shoreline changes and calculate the area of abrasion and accretion in 2014, 2019, and 2024 using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) method based on Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery. The MNDWI method utilizes the reflectance difference in the Green band (Band 3) and SWIR band (Band 6) to automatically separate the land-water boundary. Shoreline change analysis was performed using Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and End Point Rate (EPR) methods through ArcGIS 10.8 software with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension. Analysis of 336 transects shows that accretion is more dominant than abrasion along Tiku Beach. The largest accretion was recorded at transect 230 with an NSM value of 71.3 m and an EPR rate of 7.12 m/year, while extreme abrasion occurred at transect 249 with an NSM value of -121.67 m and an EPR rate of -12.15 m/year. The evolution of the shoreline shows that in 2014 the coastline was still relatively stable, then in 2019 mild abrasion occurred in the west along with accretion in the east, and by 2024 this pattern became more pronounced. The results of this study are expected to serve as a scientific basis for decision-making in coastal disaster mitigation planning and sustainable coastal management in Agam Regency.

Green Open Space (GOS) is an essential element in urban spatial planning that functions to maintain air quality and ecosystem balance. This research aims to analyze the influence of GOS on the concentration levels of Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) in the urban area of Jayapura City. The study locations were focused on two areas with distinct characteristics: Jalan Sam Ratulangi, which has high vegetation coverage, and Jalan Percetakan, which is dominated by built-up areas and dense commercial activity. The methods used include spatial analysis utilizing Landsat 8 satellite imagery Band 4 (Red) and Band 5 (NIR) to calculate the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), a vegetation time series analysis from 2019–2024, and direct CO2​ concentration measurements taken at three different times (morning, noon, afternoon). The data was processed using ArcGIS with the Kriging Interpolation method to generate spatial distribution maps of CO2​ in both locations. The results show that Jalan Sam Ratulangi has a GOS area of 6.13 ha (94%), while Jalan Percetakan has only 2.95 ha (31%). This difference significantly impacts CO2​ levels, with an average concentration of 484 ppm at Sam Ratulangi, which is lower than Percetakan's average of 567 ppm. The highest CO2​​ value at Percetakan reached 649 ppm during the afternoon, whereas Sam Ratulangi recorded only 488 ppm. This study proves that the wider and healthier the GOS, the lower the CO2​​ concentration detected. These results demonstrate that vegetation plays a significant role in reducing carbon emissions in urban areas, supporting the crucial role of GOS in maintaining air quality and supporting sustainable urban development in Jayapura City.

Settlements are an important aspect in regional development, where settlements reflct human activities in fulfilling basic needs for housing. Wai Mhorock Village is one of the administrative villages located in Abepura District, Jayapura City. Based on Regional Regulation No. 18 of 2006 this study aims to analyze and examine the settlement patterns developing in this village and to identify whether population factors are the main influence on settlement distribution, or whether other factors play a role. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. Data collection was carried out through comprehensive field observation, documentation, in-depth interviews and data processing using applications such as ArcGIS, SPSS, or Excel.The results of this study show that the settlement distribution in Wai Mhorock Village is categorized as dispersed. This pattern occurs due to various factors, and based on regression results, it was found that population variables—such as those not yet working and those already employed—significantly influence the Y coefficient. From these findings, it is expected that policies can be formulated to enhance regional development and to address issues within Wai Mhorock Village.

Class C sand mining activities in Nagari Aia Dingin, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency have been ongoing since 1999 and continue to expand to this day. This mining provides economic contributions to the local community, but on the other hand, it also has a significant impact on the environment, particularly on land cover changes. This study aims to analyze changes in open land caused by sand mining activities, using remote sensing technology as a monitoring tool. The approach used is descriptive quantitative, through the interpretation of Google Earth satellite imagery in 2015 and 2018 and Sentinel-2 imagery in 2024. Spatial analysis was conducted with the help of ArcGIS software to obtain a visual and numerical picture of land cover changes. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in the area of sand mining from 2015 to 2024. In 2015, the mining area was recorded at 8.72 hectares, and increased to 22.14 hectares in 2024. This indicates an increase in mining land area of 13.42 hectares over a nine-year period. Land use conversion has occurred on a massive scale, from dryland forest, scrubland, and dryland areas to open-pit mining areas. This land cover change has the potential to cause environmental degradation such as erosion, reduced biodiversity, and disruption to regional water systems. These findings underscore the importance of stricter monitoring and sustainable spatial planning in natural resource management. The use of remote sensing technology has proven effective in monitoring the dynamics of land use change and can serve as a basis for formulating environmental policies that are more responsive to the impacts of mining activities.

Flood disaster is the most frequent disaster in Indonesia. Based on BNPB records throughout 2021, flood disasters have occurred 1,279 times. Poor drainage system can be one of the factors causing flood disasters. Way Mhorock Village, Abepura District is one of the areas that has poor drainage network quality. This is because Way Mhorock Village is one of the centers of community activities, so it has the potential to cause flooding. This study examines the quality of the drainage system against disasters in Abepura District by focusing on Way Mhorock Village. The research methods used to achieve the objectives in this research are qualitative methods, spatial analysis, and analytical hierarchy process. Qualitative descriptive analysis method to assist and describe the actual drainage problems in the field in the form of pictures. Spatial analysis method using GPS by recording problematic drainage points then processed using ArcGIS software. Analytical Hierarchy Process method by capture the perspective of stakeholders from the agency to determine the assessment of the quality level of the drainage system that has the potential to cause flooding in Way Mhorock Village. The results showed that there are 4 problems that affect the quality of drainage in Way Mhorock Village, namely drainage sedimentation, land use change, drainage cross section, and the volume of waste found at 33 points in Way Mhorock Village. Based on the results of the analytical hierarchy process using an expert choice application, drainage sedimentation is the most influential criterion on improving drainage quality with alternative handling provided in the form of law enforcement policies against environmental violations by the community.  

The increasing population triggers a demand for land for housing and other activities. Along with this, issues arise regarding the limited availability of land, especially in rapidly developed areas. This limitation has the potential to create an imbalance between the growing need for space and the existing land capacity. This study evaluates the land carrying capacity in four sub-districts in the southern part of Medan City, namely Medan Tuntungan, Medan Johor, Medan Amplas, and Medan Denai, in dealing with the continuously growing population. Using a spatial analysis approach with ArcGIS 10.8 software and detailed spatial data, this research identifies potential areas for residential development and projects the capacity of land to accommodate future populations. The analysis covers physical and environmental aspects such as land slope, soil type, natural disaster risks, and access to public facilities. The results show that each sub-district has different potentials and challenges. Medan Tuntungan, with its large area and flat land conditions, shows significant potential for residential development, although attention must be given to the existence of protected areas and agricultural land that must be preserved. Medan Johor, as an economic center, faces substantial pressure on land use, with some areas nearing their maximum capacity. Medan Amplas and Medan Denai, which are more urban, experience stricter land limitations. Population growth projections indicate a significant increase in land demand in some sub-districts in the coming decades. Without effective management, this has the potential to exert high pressure on the environment and urban infrastructure. This research emphasizes the importance of spatial planning and sustainable development policies to maintain a balance between housing needs and environmental conservation.

The coastline changes from time to time in line with natural changes such as wave activity, and sediment. This study aims to determine the changes in coastline on the coast of Pati Regency in 2015-2024. The research method utilises Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technology by taking Landsat-8 satellite image data processed using ArcGis application then calculated using Haversin Formula and Euclidean Distance calculation. The results showed that the largest shoreline change was found in transect 3 located in Dukuhseti Subdistrict, Kembang Village with a value of 453.92 metres within 10 years and the smallest shoreline change value occurred in transect 8 located in Tayu Subdistrict, Tunggulsari Village with a change value of 2.41 metres within 10 years.

Coastal areas have the potential to prosper the surrounding community. The coastline is the boundary line between land and sea level that is dynamic. Changes in the coastline can lead to abrasion and accretion. This study aims to determine changes in the coastline on the Situbondo coast for a period of 10 years by taking Landsat 8 satellite image data processed using ArcGIS 10.7. The method used in this study uses the calculation of the Haversin formula and Euclidean Distance. The results showed that the smallest shoreline change in Situbondo Regency over a period of 10 years occurred in transect 24, precisely in Agel Village, Jangkar District with a shoreline change rate of 1.11 meters. While the largest 10-year shoreline change in Situbondo Regency occurred in transect 25, precisely in Kumbangsari Village, Jangkar District with a shoreline change rate of 106.42 meters.    

Rock strength has an important role in the mining industry. These forces can determine many aspects of mining such as slope geometry, excavation, blasting, and drilling. Rock strength can include tensile strength, compressive strength, and shear strength. In this case, the test is carried out to determine the correlation of uniaxial compressive strength and indirect tensile strength. The method used to determine the correlation of compressive strength and indirect tensile strength is by linear regression approach, which will then be analyzed for accuracy through Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage error (MAPE). This study used quantitative and qualitative methods, starting from the coordinate data of rock sampling locations, physical properties and mechanical properties. In this study, there were 6 sampling locations located in 2 different areas, namely Loa Janan and Sanga-sanga. The secondary data used are regional geological maps and maps of the area where the study is located. Furthermore, secondary data is processed using Arcgis software for mapping, and using Microsoft Excel software to assist in calculations in determining the value of physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The results of the compressive and tensile strength tests in this study showed a perfect corelation using linear regression, namely UCS= 3.9582 σt - 0.4004, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.972 and a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.945. and obtained RMSE 0.033 and MAPE 5.89%.

Perkembangan permukiman di Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali, mempengaruhi kualitas air dan proses infiltrasi tanah. Dengan luas wilayah 1365,88 km² dan populasi 664 ribu jiwa, perubahan penggunaan lahan, khususnya pertumbuhan permukiman baru, menurunkan tingkat infiltrasi tanah sehingga dapat menimbulkan berkurangnya daerah resapan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi daerah resapan air di Kabupaten Buleleng dengan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) dan dengan menggunakan aplikasi ArcGis versi 10.2. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menentukan lokasi persebaran resapan air di Kabupaten Buleleng dari proses skoring dan tumpang susun peta-peta tematik (overlay) dengan menggunakan lima parameter yang mempengaruhi resapan air suatu wilayah, yaitu jenis tanah, curah hujan, kemiringan lereng, geology, dan penggunaan lahan. Dari Hasil pembobotan (skoring) tersebut diperoleh lima kelas kriteria kondisi resapan air yaitu kondisi mulai sangat kritis sebesar 43,241 kondisi buruk sebesar 37,241, kondisi agak buruk sebesar 31,241, kondisi baik sebesar 24,241, dan kondisi agak baik sebesar 15,24.  

Flooding is one of the disasters that often occurs in Indonesia, there are several cities that are always subscribed to flooding, one of which is Bandung Regency. On this occasion the author analyzed the vulnerability map in Bandung Regency using ArcGIS software by processing annual rainfall data, land use parameters, slope data, land elevation, and soil texture with this data the author obtained a percentage value of the level of flood vulnerability in Bandung Regency. Areas that have low elevations tend to experience flooding every year. From the processed data, there are 8 sub-districts in Bandung Regency with a flood prone percentage of more than 50%, namely Ketapang, Margahayu, Dayeuh Kolot, Pameungpeuk, Bojong Soang, Margaasih, Rancaekek, and Baleendah sub-districts. Based on the analysis of the flood prone map, most of Bandung Regency has a flood prone level classified as 'Less Prone', with an area of 64,277.228 hectares.

Rapid development has caused changes in land use patterns, where built space increasingly dominates and pressures natural spaces to change function (Pribadi et al., 2006) explaining that changes in land use patterns result in fluctuations in the carrying capacity of land resources, giving rise to land disasters. landslide (landslide). Buol et al. (1980) and Darmawijaya (1990) explained that landslides are essentially caused by the inability of the soil to support the load above it because the soil has experienced degradation of its soil properties. The method used in this research uses a weighted scoring method. The results of the analysis of 5 parameters of potential landslide-prone areas in Tanah Datar Regency obtained 3 classifications of levels of vulnerability, namely high-level landslide-prone areas covering an area of ​​2032.6955 ha, moderate-level landslide-prone areas covering an area of ​​16174.395 ha and low-level landslide-prone areas covering an area of ​​6284 ha. ,6345 ha. The most extensive area prone to landslides with a high level is in North Lintau Buo District. The area prone to moderate landslides is most extensive in North Lintau Buo District. The most extensive low-level landslide-prone areas are in Sepuluh Koto District.

Limboto Subdistrict, which is the capital of Gorontalo Regency, has fairly high population growth and is an area that is vulnerable to the effects of drought. This causes the availability of groundwater to decrease. This study aims to utilize the GIS application to determine the pattern of groundwater flow in the Limboto District. This groundwater flow pattern can be used as a reference for further research related to groundwater. The type of data in this study is the type of primary data. The method used in this research is a survey method, namely by measuring directly in the field. The data analysis technique used to determine the pattern of groundwater flow in Limboto Regency is utilizing software (GIS) using ArcGIS 10.7 software to obtain a map of groundwater flow patterns in Limboto District. The results of the spatial analysis of the groundwater flow pattern map in Limboto District show that water flows from the northern part of the study site to the southern part of the study site.

The Map is a picture of the earth's surface that is displayed on a flat plane with a certain scale and the depiction of the earth's surface is reduced to a certain scale in the form of symbols that are selective in a certain projection system that is represented in two dimensions from a three-dimensional space. Various types of data can be described and explained in maps and provide information on the correlation of data to the geographical conditions (geospatial information) of an area which can then be used as a tool in policy formulation, in this case the customary area of ​​the Ayapo village in the East Sentani District. This research was conducted using a mapping method using spatial data based on satellite imagery from Google Earth Pro and community participation through field surveys through interviews. The data was then processed using ESRI ArcGIS software. The research was conducted in the Ayapo traditional village, Jayapura Regency, Papua Province. From the results of the information depiction carried out, it was obtained a map of the Ayapo village, a mapping of the distribution of indigenous peoples which included traditional leaders and tribal chiefs as well as a map of the structure of the customary space. Mapping also obtained the development of the ayapo village for 3 years, namely 2002, 2014, and 2021 which showed the growth of the village spread out along the coast of Lake Sentani in a linear form. This customary mapping becomes a source of information for the development of traditional traditional villages in Jayapura district.