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The white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the popular marine shrimp species in aquaculture due to its adaptability to various environmental conditions, including a wide range of salinity, and its omnivorous feeding behavior. This study aims to determine the effect of different combinations of stocking density and salinity on the growth rate and post larval survival of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The research was conducted using factorial planning based on two factors namely stocking density (3, 6, and 9ekor/L) and salinity (15 ppt and 25 ppt). Parameters measured included daily growth rate, absolute weight, survival rate, feed utilization efficiency, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Water quality observations were also made during the study period including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and total ammonia. The results showed that the combination of stocking density of 3 fish/L with salinity of 25 ppt gave the best results with a daily growth rate of 0,00664 gram and a survival rate of 86%. This treatment also produced the best feed utilization efficiency of 0.87 and the best FCR value of 1.27, indicating the most efficient use of feed. Water quality parameters during the study were within the appropriate range to support the growth of vanamei shrimp.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the green water system in the nursery phase of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus by observing growth performance, water quality, and survival rate. The experiment was conducted for 21 days using 450-liter circular tanks with two treatments: green water and clear water systems. The green water system was established by adding plankton starter to stimulate algal growth, while the clear water system used clean water with routine siphoning. Observations included absolute length, absolute weight, water quality parameters pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, and phosphate, and survival rate. The results indicate that the green water system provided superior nursery performance compared to clear water. Tilapia seeds reared in green water exhibited higher growth in length and weight, more stable water quality, and a greater survival rate 90% than those in the clear water system 80%. These improvements are attributed to the presence of microalgae, which serve as natural feed as well as bioremediation agents that reduce ammonia, nitrite, and phosphate toxicity. Therefore, the green water system proves to be more effective, economical, and environmentally friendly for tilapia nursery culture compared to the clear water system.

Feed is a key component in catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) cultivation because it directly affects the growth rate, health, and productivity of the fish. Among the various nutrients contained in feed, protein plays a crucial role, particularly in the formation and repair of fish body tissues. Adequate protein content supports optimal growth, while protein deficiency can reduce productivity. Therefore, analyzing protein levels in feed is essential to ensure its quality. This study aimed to analyze protein levels in catfish feed using the Kjeldahl method. The analysis was conducted at the Pekanbaru Center for Standardization and Industrial Services (BSPJI). The Kjeldahl method was chosen because it is known to have a high level of accuracy and reliability. The procedure involves three main stages: destruction, distillation, and titration. The working principle of this method is to convert organic nitrogen in the sample into ammonia, which is then captured and measured to determine nitrogen levels, which are then converted to protein levels. In this study, five feed samples with codes U-139 to U-142 were used. The test results showed that the protein content of the samples ranged from 20.44% to 23.09%. Furthermore, a Relative Percent Difference (RPD) value of 0.0013% was obtained, indicating a very high level of measurement precision. The analysis results were then compared with the fish feed quality standards based on SNI 2534:2006, and it was found that all samples met the minimum protein content requirements. Thus, this study confirms the effective and accurate use of the Kjeldahl method in analyzing protein content in catfish feed. These results also provide important information for farmers and feed producers in ensuring the quality of feed used to support catfish farming productivity.

This study aims to analyze the quality of domestic wastewater based on three main parameters: pH, ammonia, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The wastewater samples were collected from an industrial area, chosen for its role as a primary source of domestic waste that can impact environmental quality. The pH was tested using potentiometry, while ammonia and COD concentrations were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, a precise method for analyzing these substances. The results showed that the pH values of the wastewater ranged from 6.68 to 10.28. This variation in pH reflects the acidity or alkalinity of the wastewater, with some samples being neutral to slightly alkaline. The ammonia levels detected ranged from 0.0654 to 0.3849 mg/L. While these levels are within the limits set by regulations, they indicate a significant presence of ammonia in the wastewater, which requires continued monitoring. However, the most striking finding was the COD levels, which ranged from 21.60 to 245.71 mg/L, with some samples showing very high values. High COD levels indicate a large presence of organic matter, which can lead to a decline in water quality. Some samples with COD values exceeding the threshold of domestic wastewater quality standards, as stated in Ministerial Regulation No. 68 of 2016, require additional treatment to reduce organic contamination. Overall, while the pH and ammonia values remain within safe limits, the high COD levels in some samples indicate that further treatment is necessary to reduce organic pollution. This study emphasizes the importance of routine monitoring of domestic wastewater to protect environmental quality and prevent broader negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health.

This Field Work Practice was carried out at PT Varia Indowin Perkasa (VIP) which is located in Wongsorejo District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province from June 24, 2024 to August 24, 2024. The working method used in this Field Work Practice is a descriptive method with data collection through primary data. Data collection was carried out through active participation, observation, interviews and literature studies. The results of this PKL are monitoring water levels with different results for each plot from 100-130 cm, and water clarity with an average of 56 cm, an average temperature of 26℃. The pH results obtained with an average of 8.4, salinity ranged from 16-24 ppt, nitrite tended to fluctuate with the highest value reaching 0.07 ppm, ammonia 0-0.06. While alkalinity is still stable at 80-120 ppm. The problem in cultivation is the nitrite and ammonia content which exceeds the reasonable limit of 0.3 ppm, so that the water parameters are unstable in the middle of cultivation and the presence of pathogens in the pond waters, including early mortality syndrome and there are cases of shrimp not wanting to eat so that growth is inhibited.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) at PT PLN Nusantara Power Unit Pembangkitan Gresik in reducing pollutant loads from domestic wastewater. The evaluation involves analyzing water quality parameters including pH, BOD, COD, TSS, oil and grease, total ammonia, and total coliform at both inlet and outlet of the STP. Additionally, the actual daily discharge was observed and compared to the design capacity to assess operational efficiency. The method used was descriptive qualitative, involving field observation, documentation, and laboratory test data analysis during the January–March 2025 period. The results show that all outlet parameters met the effluent standards set by Regulation No. 68/2016 of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. However, the actual flow rate, which is only 1.6–3.3% of the design capacity, indicates potential inefficiencies in energy use and biological processes. Therefore, operational adjustments and optimization of STP capacity utilization are necessary for more efficient and sustainable system performance.

This study aims to analyze the effect of water quality on the productivity of bamboo lobsters (Panulirus versicolor) cultivated in a floating net cage sistem (KJA) in the waters of Sinabang Bay, Simeulue Regency. Water quality is one of the main environmental factors that determines the success of marine cultivation, especially for high-value species such as bamboo lobsters. Water quality parameters observed in this study included temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and ammonia levels. Measurements were carried out periodically during the 90-day cultivation period to capture environmental dynamics that affect the biological performance of lobsters. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental design with three treatments based on different cultivation locations that have variations in natural water quality, each with three replications. The results showed that optimal water quality significantly affected the increase in bamboo lobster productivity, as indicated by the parameters of the specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCR), and survival rate (SR). The location with the best water quality (P1), which had high DO and low ammonia levels, recorded a daily SGR of 1.82%, a FCR of 1.6, and a SR of 90%. Conversely, the location with low water quality (P3) showed significantly decreased biological performance, with suboptimal SGR, FCR, and SR, primarily due to low dissolved oxygen and high levels of toxic ammonia. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and management of water quality in marine cage sistems to support optimal lobster growth and survival. Therefore, managing aquatic environmental quality is key to increasing mariculture productivity and ensuring the sustainability of fishery resources in coastal areas.

PT X is a chemical manufacturing company specializing in the production of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. In addition to waste generated from production processes, PT X also produces domestic wastewater originating from supporting activities such as employee barracks, offices, and laundry facilities. This domestic wastewater contains parameters that can potentially pollute the environment, such as BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, and Total Coliform, some of which exceed the quality standards set by the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 68 of 2016. This study aims to design an effective Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (DWTP) system to process the domestic wastewater of PT X. The proposed DWTP system consists of a collection tank, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR), Aerobic Biofilter, and disinfection unit. Each unit is designed to reduce pollutant parameters to meet quality standards. Based on the calculations, this system can handle a wastewater flow rate of 21.91 m³/day with high treatment efficiency for critical parameters. The study results indicate that the proposed DWTP design can reduce environmental pollution, improve wastewater treatment operational efficiency, and comply with applicable regulations. Implementing this system is highly recommended to ensure environmental sustainability and the continued operations of PT X.

PT X, one of the state-owned enterprises to support the country's food security, is the largest and most comprehensive fertilizer producer in Indonesia that generates various wastes, including industrial liquid waste. Liquid waste has no economic value, so it is very important to treat it. PT X Company uses potential Hydrogen (pH)ysical and chemical treatment. There are two effluent treatment units, setting, line injection, and sludge treatment. All parameters evaluated include chemical requirements for oxygen (COD), zat padat yang tersuspensi(TSS), ammonia (NH3), total kjehdal nitrogen (TKN), fluorine, degree of acidity (potential of hydrogen (pH)), oil, and fat. According to the results after the analysis conducted in the study, it was found that the air pollution data after wastewater treatment was carried out showed that the quality of wastewater every month had met the quality standards of the rules and could be discharged into water bodies / seas. This shows the effectiveness of the treatment process implemented by the company.

Milk consumption and the need for beef cattle for food purposes or sacrificial purposes continue to increase from year to year. This increase is in line with the increasing level of the economy and awareness of the need for nutritious food. However, the increase in demand still faces many production constraints due to the difficulties faced by farmers, the decline in cattle production from year to year in Indonesia. This causes Indonesia to have to import beef for 35.95% of the total national beef consumption. With many factors that affect the decline in the production rate of dairy cows or beef cattle every year, one of them is air pollution and poor air quality in cages. Along with the development of technology, a monitoring and detection system for air cleanliness in cattle pens was created, using the MQ-7 sensor as the concentration of carbon monoxide, the MQ-135 sensor as the concentration of ammonia gas, the MQ-2 sensor as the smoke detection, and When the air pollution value of each sensor input is according to the air pollution standard index (ISPU), the outputs namely indicator lights, buzzers and blowers will be on, then there will be temporary air neutralization in the cage. This tool is made easier by internet of things technology, so that it can send notifications via telegram and can see the level of air pollution levels through the web.

Closed house chicken coop is an innovation from the development of technology in the livestock sector. In closed house chicken coops, many arrangements and adjustments to environmental conditions in the chicken coop are carried out which are expected to increase broiler chicken production. In this study, researchers created a centralized control system on 2 closed house chicken coops to make it easier for broiler chicken entrepreneurs to monitor and control the closed house chicken coops owned by the entrepreneur through one place, without having to go directly to the closed house chicken coop to monitor and control the chicken coop which of course will be quite draining time and energy. This study uses Haiwell Cloud Scada as an interface device connected to the Arduino Nano microcontroller, DHT-22 sensor as a humidity and temperature detector sensor, MQ-135 sensor as an Ammonia gas detector, water level sensor as a reader of the remaining chicken drinking water level, IR sensor as a reader of the remaining chicken food level, DC fan which has 2 functions, namely inlet and exhaust in the chicken coop. Servo motor as a silo damper controller to fill chicken food from the silo to the chicken feeder located in the chicken coop.

This research was carried out for approximately 1 month from 17 January – 05 March 2022. In situ measurements included temperature (Suhu), acidity (pH), and dissolve oxygen (DO). Directly in the Lab. Aquaculture Biotechnology Fakulty of Agriculture University of Muhammadiyah Sukabumi. the test included testing the ex situ water quality at the IPB University Laboratory. Testing ammonia and alkalinity. The results of the above objectives show a comparison of the growth of water quality in the vertiqua system (Vertical Aquaculture), to determine the effectiveness of the vertiqua system in goldfish cultivation on growth, feeding effeciency, and water quality.  

Galah shrimp is one type of freshwater shrimp that has great potential for cultivation. One of the obstacles to the growth of king prawns is water quality. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the installation of Vegetable Floating Raft (VFR) on the growth of king prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). This study was conducted using the t-test method, with control and Vegetable Floating Raft treatments. The results showed that the growth pattern of weight and length of king prawns in each treatment was relatively the same. However, the daily weight growth rate of king prawns in the control treatment was greater at 3.36%, compared to the treatment of Vegetable floating raft at 1.26%, while the daily length growth rate of king prawns in the control treatment was 0.86%. The daily length growth rate in the Vegetable floating raft treatment was smaller at 0.61%. During the study the value of the degree of survival of the control treatment was 95%, while in the treatment of Vegetable floating raft the percentage of the degree of survival of king prawns was 62%. Based on the results of visual observations seen the rest of the feed and the rest of the skin during molting. It is suspected that shrimp are stressed due to changes in water quality characterized by increased ammonia levels in the last maintenance week caused by the death of kale plants in the maintenance medium.        

Asnan Ridoanrisna. Efficiency Of Pakcoy Plants (Brassica Rapa) In Maintaining Water Quality To Support The Survival Rate Of Tilapia. Under Guidance By Robin And Novita Mz. Tilapia is a freshwater fish commodity with high economic value. According to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), tilapia exports reached 12.29 thousand tons with a value of USD 78.44 million. Tilapia farming faces the risk of mortality which can lead to economic losses, one of which is caused by organic pollution. To address this issue, this research employs phytoremediation methods with varying plant densities to improve water quality and tilapia survival. The study was conducted with four treatments: A75 (plant density 75% of the aquarium surface area), A50 (50%), A25 (25%), and A0 (no plants), using an aquarium size of 60 x 30 x 50 cm³. Each treatment received chicken manure at 1.8 grams per aquarium and 40 tilapia fish per aquarium. Observations were made over 15 days in March 2023, measuring physical and chemical water parameters including DO, pH, TDS, temperature, and ammonia, as well as calculating the survival rate of tilapia. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the study found that treatment A75 achieved the highest survival rate at 62.5%. This result indicates that higher plant density in the phytoremediation method is more effective in maintaining water quality and supporting tilapia survival.

Vertiqua biofical top filter is a cultivation technique with a recirculation system that utilizes limited land. Vertiqua is a solution for cultivation. When cultivating koi fish in vertiqua, the feed capacity increases and there is a high nutrient load so that the waters are easily polluted, therefore the presence of an upper biophysical filter can reduce pollution. This is important to study, especially the structure of the phytoplankton community because it is one of the biological indicators of ponds in koi fish cultivation. This research was carried out for 6 weeks in Sindangpalay Ciberem Sukabumi. The research was carried out by taking phytoplankton in the vertiqua at intervals of once every 2 weeks. The data analysis in this research is abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance. During the research results obtained were abundance 636-673, diversity 2.6, uniformity 0.9, and dominance 0.01. The water quality studied was ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, pH, DO, turbidity and temperature. These waters are stable and healthy, which is a positive indicator to support fish farming activities. The water quality in Vertiqua is classified as good and the ecosystem is balanced, these waters are ideal for supporting the productivity and health of farmed fish.

Limited land resources are a problem for fisheries, especially in urban areas. So the need for a new innovation in the field of fisheries for cultivation. Vertiqua (Vertical Aquaculture) is an innovation in vertical cultivation in limited land and water. The Vertiqua system as a cultivation medium has not been effective in increasing fish growth due to slow growth and high ammonia levels. Therefore, innovation is needed to increase the effectiveness of Vertiqua, namely by using the upper biofical filter. The data used to analyze is descriptive analysis by describing and describing the data that has been collected. Growth in length, weight, and survival, length-weight relationship, daily length growth rate, daily weight growth rate, and water quality were calculated using existing formulas. Comparative testing of growth was calculated using the T-test on the Mini Tab application. The results of the research showed that the top filter biofical vertiqua was able to increase the growth of koi fish. The growth value of the top biofical filter vertiqua is effective when compared to the soil pond. this is indicated by the value P<0.05. The upper biofical filter vertiqua system is also able to maintain the stability of water quality and suppress ammonia levels so that fish growth and survival are good. The vertiqua system with the upper biofical filter has an effect on fish growth, this is supported by the upper biofical filter, which is able to maintain water quality and suppress ammonia levels so that fish are not stressed and feed can be utilized properly.

The zooplankton community structure in koi fish (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) aquaculture using the Vertiqua system with a biological biofilter was analyzed to understand the crucial role of zooplankton as an integral part of aquatic ecosystems. Zooplankton, which connects phytoplankton with carnivorous consumers, also serves as an effective biological indicator for assessing changes in aquatic environmental conditions. This study employed a descriptive method to observe the abundance and diversity of zooplankton in three Vertiqua ponds. The observations revealed that the zooplankton groups Rotifera and Ciliophora were dominant, with abundances of 118 Ind/l and 106 Ind/l, respectively. The three observed Vertiqua ponds were categorized as mesotrophic, with an average diversity index of 2.2, zooplankton evenness index of 0.7, and dominance index of 0.2. Measurements of the water’s physical-chemical factors showed an average temperature of 26°C, pH 6, DO 6 Mg/l, ammonia 0.05 Mg/l, nitrite 2.33 Mg/l, nitrate 14.6 Mg/l, and phosphate 1.1 Mg/l. Based on the abundance and diversity of zooplankton found, the pond water conditions can be categorized as mesotrophic with a moderate level of fertility, supporting a varied zooplankton community structure.

Land and water sources are important in cultivation activities. Efforts to overcome the problem of limited land and water for cultivation include technology development. One of the technologies being developed is vertiqua. The Vertiqua that has been developed, both with and without biophysical filters, still has weaknesses, namely high levels of ammonia. Therefore, a biofical modification was carried out, namely using a biofical top filter to increase the effectiveness of reducing ammonia levels to support fish growth in the vertiqua. The aim of this research was to test the effectiveness of the biofical top filter on the rate of reduction in ammonia levels in the vertiqua. The research design was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for one treatment with three repetitions, in this study with an upper biophysical filter as treatment and three vertiquas as repetitions. The data analysis carried out in this research was an experimental method. The results of the research are presented in the form of graphs, tables and narratives using Microsoft Word and Excel. As for testing, the research sample was tested with the middle value using Microsoft Excel and Minitab 21 by comparing the test results with the standard. According to the research results, the use of an upper biophysical filter can have an effect on maintaining physical and chemical water quality parameters (P<0.05) so that they comply with quality standards. However, there are several water quality parameters that do not comply with quality standards, such as pH and nitrite. The use of the upper biophysical filter type in the vertiqua koi fish cultivation system has an effect on reducing ammonia and maintaining water quality so that it meets quality standards. However, the nitrite value at the beginning was high, but after two weeks of testing the value began to decrease, indicating that the upper biofical filter was running optimally.

The growth of comet fish (Carassius auratus) in the vertiqua system using a biofical filter is motivated by limited land and water which can cause low water quality to affect the growth rate of fish. The utilization of technology needs to be done to overcome these problems and the technology used is vertiqua. Previous research showed that comet fish in the vertiqua system produced slow growth rates and had high ammonia levels. Therefore, vertiqua was modified in the filter section to become a biofical filter. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of comet fish growth in the vertiqua system using a biofical filter. The benefits of this research are that the vertiqua system using a biofical filter can be a solution to overcome the problem of limited land and water, become a support for system cultivation innovation, and become a reference for further research. This research method uses descriptive methods, observation and interviews. The comet fish used in the study were 3-4 cm in size. The results of this study indicate that the vertiqua system using a biofical filter is still not effective in supporting fish growth. The growth rate of comet fish in the vertiqua system is significantly different from that in the soil pond and the growth rate of comet fish in the vertiqua system is lower than that of comet fish in the soil pond. Ammonia value is relatively high from the quality standard (>0.05). However, this system is able to maintain good fish survival and good water quality, especially in temperature, pH, and DO.

The aquaculture sector is one source of food production whose development in Indonesia reached 6,979,750 tonnes or 95.80%. Therefore, it can contribute to the community's nutritional adequacy rate. Fisheries cultivation must be encouraged, because it plays an important role in improving the community's economy. Catfish production in Indonesia reached 1.06 million tons and 19,550 tons in Lampung. Catfish can be cultivated with various types of pools including tarpaulin, concrete, soil, biofloc and bucket pools. The aim of cultivating in buckets is as a form of updating appropriate technology through cultivating in buckets and creating nutritional gardens. The levels of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in catfish ponds with plants will be lower than in conventional ponds without aquaponics. The experiment was conducted with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications (P1=1 head/liter, P2=2 head/liter, P3=3 head/liter and P4=4 head/liter). The best absolute weight growth rate was 3.1 grams, absolute length growth rate was 9.1 cm, and survival rate was 81%, accompanied by other water quality parameters such as temperature (26.5 - 28.4oC), pH (6.5- 6.8), DO (3-4 mg/L), TDS (135- 145 ppm).