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Sales and purchase agreements that occur electronically between sellers and buyers create online buying and selling. Internet and social media users in Indonesia, online E-Commerce businesses are increasingly growing. E-Commerce is business activities involving consumers, manufacturers, service providers and intermediaries using computer networks, namely the internet. E-Commerce users are also of various ages, because there are many conveniences when shopping online, just open the desired E-Commerce application, choose the items you buy and the goods arrive as desired within a few days. The increasing number of online buying and selling has indirectly influenced changes in legal regulations. The rules that apply in Indonesia are still unclear regarding electronic buying and selling. This is due to the fact that the conditions necessary for the validity of an electronic agreement have not been specifically regulated. The aim of this research is to determine the validity of electronic contract agreements in E-Commerce transactions in terms of civil law. In this research, normative research methods were used. This method involves processing data from legal regulations and applying rules or norms as the basis for research. Research results Electronic documents are binding and recognized as valid evidence to provide legal certainty regarding the operation of electronic systems and electronic transactions, especially for proof and related to legal actions carried out through electronic systems

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Managerial Ownership, Debt Convenant and Litigation Risk on Accounting Conservatism. The population in this study consisted of manufacturing companies, the consumer goods industry sub-sector which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. A sample of 12 companies used in this study was found by purposive sampling method. The data used is secondary data. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics using panel data regression analysis techniques. The empirical results of this study indicate that independent Debt Convenant does not have a statistically significant effect on Accounting Conservatism while Managerial Ownership and Litigation Risk have a significant negative effect on Accounting Conservatism. The results show that managerial ownership has a significant positive effect on Accounting Conservatism, and Litigation Risk has a significant positive effect on Accounting Conservatism, debt agreements do not have a significant effect on Accounting Conservatism, and managerial ownership, litigation risk together have an effect on Accounting Conservatism.  

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk mengkaji ulang tentang pengaturan logo dan bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diperoleh oleh pemilik sah logo apabila terjadi pembajakan atas logo tersebut. Dalam penulisan artikel ini data diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan, penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data yang bersifat teoritis. Sedangkan penelitian lapangan guna memperoleh data primer melalui wawancara dengan responden dan informan yang ada kaitannya dengan masalah yang diteliti. Hasil penilitian menjelaskan bahwa hak cipta merupakan hak eksklusif pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta untuk mengumumkan atau memperbanyak ciptaannya, yang timbul secara otomatis setelah suatu ciptaan dilahirkan. Perlindungan hak cipta bersifat otomatis dan timbul setelah suatu ciptaan diwujudkan dalam bentuk yang nyata (tangible form). Pendaftaran atau pencatatan hak cipta bersifat sukarela/tidak wajib kerena pendaftaran atau pencatatan tidak menimbulkan hak cipta. . Seperti yang dinyatakan dalam Pasal 1 ayat (1) UUHC yang menyatakan, “Hak Cipta adalah hak ekslusif pencipta yang timbul secara otomatis berdasarkan prinsip deklaratif setelah suatu ciptaan diwujudkan dalam bentuk nyata tanpa mengurangi pembatasan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan”. Dalam hal ini perlindungan hukum terhadap HKI telah mengalami berbagai perkembangan yang begitu pesat dalam sebuah tatanan internasional dan bahkan telah menjadi salah satu isu pada era globalisasi dan liberasi pada saat ini. Perundingan yang melahirkan World Trade Organization (WTO) atau Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia dan juga disepakatinya perjanjian internasional tentang Aspek-aspek Hak kekayaan Intelektual Terkait Perdagangan (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights-TRIPs Agreement). Penegakan hak kekayaan intelektual terutama dalam lingkup ekspor dan impor (border enforcement) muncul sebagai salah satu isu penting selama proses negosiasi dan penyusunan TRIPs Agreement.      

This study aims to examine and explain the migration journey of the Prophet in the SKI book. This research uses library research methods or library research with a historical approach. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the meaning of hijrah was not merely an attempt to escape from trials and ridicule, but in addition to that meaning, hijrah was also intended as a stepping stone to establish a new society in a safe country, it also had the meaning of affirming the position of Muhammad and his followers. , with the previous era After the Prophet migrated to Medina, Islam developed rapidly. The Prophet made many agreements with non-Muslim groups such as the Prophet's agreement with the Jews of Medina and the agreement with the Quraysh infidels known as the Hudaibiyyah agreement. In addition, there were also many wars that took place between Muslims and infidels, such as the wars of badr, uhud, khandak, hunain, and fathul Mecca.    

The purpose of this research is to examine 1. What factors attract foreign buyers to import cashew nuts from Indonesia?.2. What are the obstacles faced by foreign buyers in the process of importing cashew nuts from Indonesia?.3. What are the stages of the process carried out by buyers to import cashews from Indonesia?.4. What is the solution to these obstacles? This research was made using a qualitative descriptive analysis type of research regarding the marketing process of the cashew nut export sales business. (2) Currency differences. (3) Obstacles in the Form of Regulations. (4) International trade barriers are seen from economic institutions, namely: The influence of economic organizations, Anti-dumping regulations that increase import duty rates, Embargoes related to the prohibition of trade between countries. What is the solution to these obstacles? (1). Solution for difficult payments, by L/C. (2) The solution when the currency, using the USA currency or by agreement, is exchanged to the value of the destination country. (3) The solution to obstacles in the form of regulation, is to instinctively follow market trends. (4) Solutions to barriers to economic institutions, exporters take advantage of facilities from countries that are members of economic organizations, export at competitive prices, and resolve trade embargo issues between countries.

Customer satisfaction is very important to a company's services, because satisfied customers will come back, buy more, spread the experience to another friend, and is willing to pay more to do business with a trusted provider. Efforts to maintain customer satisfaction one of which is to monitor what they want from the services that are presented. This study aimed to measure the level of customer satisfaction in the business of outdoor education and training, in which customer satisfaction is measured on the dimensions of perceived service and expected service. The population in this study is service users of the outdoor education and training at the Centre for Education and Training Managerial Behavior University of Wijaya Putra that training in January and June 2014, samples were taken by purposive random sampling technique amounts to 143 people. The variables of this study customer loyalty, service quality, perceived quality, perceived value, and customer expectation and customer complaints. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression analysis with hypothesis testing with the F test and t test. The expected outcome of this research is the acquisition of the factors that affect customer satisfaction on service providers of outdoor education and training, in terms of quality of service indicators (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy). The results show that there is good agreement between the performance perceived by the user's expectations of the outdoor education and training services. These conditions can be considered satisfactory by management for the success of providing the best service to users of the service. Cartesian diagram determine the right strategy for the management to improve service quality are a top priority especially.