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Bullying among adolescents is an aggressive behavior carried out intentionally, repeatedly, and involving an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is an important issue because it can affect adolescents’ psychological well-being, social relationships, and academic achievement in both the short and long term. This study uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing recent national and international studies regarding the causes, forms, and impacts of bullying. The findings indicate that bullying is influenced by internal factors, such as low empathy, poor self-control, negative self-concept, and the desire for social recognition. In addition, external factors also contribute, including parenting styles, peer influence, unfavorable school climate, and the development of social media that increases the risk of cyberbullying. The impacts of bullying are experienced not only by victims, who may suffer from low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, but also by perpetrators, who are at risk of developing persistent aggressive behavior and reduced empathy. Therefore, cooperation among families, schools, and communities is needed to prevent and address bullying effectively.

Aggressive behavior is one of the manifestations commonly found in individuals with mental disorders, and this can potentially cause harm both to themselves and to their surroundings. To address this condition, one non-pharmacological approach that can be implemented is the use of Mozart classical music therapy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Mozart classical music therapy on patients who have the potential to exhibit violent behavior at Aceh Mental Hospital. The research activities were conducted from July 2 to 5, 2025. The research design adopted in this study is pre-experimental using the One group pretest-posttest Design method. The study subjects consisted of 15 inpatients who had been identified as being at risk for violent behavior, with sample selection carried out through purposive sampling. The findings of the study showed that the average score of signs and symptoms before the intervention was 5.73, with a score range of 3 to 8. After the intervention in the form of Mozart classical music therapy, the average score of signs and symptoms decreased significantly to 1.60, with a range between 1 and 2. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed a Z value of -3.437 with a significance level of P = 0.000 (P < 0.05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that Mozart classical music therapy has a significant effect in reducing the risk of violent behavior in patients. Therefore, Mozart classical music therapy is recommended as an effective supportive intervention and can be routinely integrated into psychiatric care rooms.

Adolescence is a transitional period prone to problematic behavior due to significant physical, emotional, and social changes. One of the main factors influencing adolescent behavior is parenting style. This study aims to examine the importance of parenting styles in preventing problematic behavior in adolescents. The method used in this study is a literature review. The results of the study indicate that democratic (authoritative) parenting plays a protective role in preventing delinquency, aggressive behavior, and maladaptive behavior. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to be positively correlated with increased deviant, aggressive, and antisocial behavior in adolescents. Furthermore, self-control and morality act as mediators that can strengthen or reduce the influence of parenting styles on juvenile delinquency. Thus, the role of the family as the primary and primary environment is crucial in early detection and prevention of problematic behavior in adolescents.

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that is intentionally and repeatedly carried out, characterized by an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is not limited to childhood and adolescence but may also produce long term effects that extend into adulthood, including among university students. This study aims to explore the long term impact of bullying on victims’ mental health, with a particular focus on students who have experienced bullying in the past. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using a literature review approach. Data were obtained through a comprehensive analysis of scientific articles, national and international journals, and previous studies related to bullying and mental health. The findings show that victims of bullying face a higher risk of psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD, low self esteem, and difficulties in social interactions. These effects influence not only emotional well-being but also academic functioning, including reduced concentration, decreased learning motivation, and lower academic performance. In addition, prolonged psychological stress resulting from bullying may lead to physical problems, such as sleep disturbances and somatic complaints. Factors including limited social support, maladaptive coping strategies, and high intensity or prolonged exposure to bullying were found to intensify the negative impacts experienced by victims. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive prevention and intervention efforts in higher education settings, such as the provision of accessible counseling services, the implementation of strict anti bullying policies, and the strengthening of social support systems to minimize the long-term mental health effects of bullying among university students.  

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of peer pressure as a factor that forms problematic behavior in adolescents. This study uses a literature review method with more than 19 relevant journals. The selected journals followed inclusion criteria that focused on adolescents, peer pressure, and problematic behaviors within a specific time frame. The results of the study showed that peer pressure contributes to problematic behaviors such as aggressive behavior and social violence (bullying, cyberbullying, aggressiveness, disruptive behavior), addictive and health-risking behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption/drinking behavior), violations of academic/school norms (truancy, juvenile delinquency), online/sexual risky behavior (cybersex), and internal psychological problems (decreased self-confidence). The psychosocial dynamics found included the need for acceptance, group conformity, low self-control, and weak family support. These influences can be direct or indirect through the internalization of group values. These findings confirm that problematic behaviors are not formed singularly, but from complex interactions between individual factors and the social environment. Therefore, prevention efforts require a collaborative approach between families, schools, and the community.

The development of digital technology has increased the popularity of online games among adolescents. Excessive intensity of online gaming may have negative effects on health, particularly sleep quality and aggressive behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the intensity of online gaming and sleep quality as well as aggressive behavior among tenth-grade students at SMAN 38 South Jakarta in 2025. This research is quantitative associative method with a correlational analytic design using a cross-sectional approach. The population in the study was 145 students, with a sample of 117 respondents selected using random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The results showed a significant relationship between the intensity of online gaming and sleep quality with a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), as well as a significant relationship between the intensity of online gaming and aggressive behavior with a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and (Ha) was accepted. In conclusion, higher intensity of online gaming is associated with poorer sleep quality and increased aggressive behavior among adolescents. It is expected that adolescents can manage and limit their online gaming time wisely to reduce its negative impact on health and behavior.

The development of digital technology and the widespread use of social media, particularly Instagram and TikTok, have opened opportunities for online interaction but also increased the risk of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is aggressive behavior via digital media intended to harm or degrade others. One psychological factor believed to influence this behavior is emotional regulation, which is the ability to manage and express emotions appropriately in different situations. This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional regulation and cyberbullying behavior among early adult students in Jambi. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was used, involving 127 students aged 18–25 years, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire, which included an emotional regulation scale and a cyberbullying behavior scale. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test with SPSS software. The results showed a significant negative relationship between emotional regulation and cyberbullying behavior, with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.632 and a significance level of p < 0.001. This indicates that students with better emotional regulation skills are less likely to engage in cyberbullying. Thus, enhancing emotional regulation skills could be an effective strategy in preventing cyberbullying among students.

The rapid development of digital technology and its increasing number of users have led to increased use of online games among adolescents. A frequently encountered behavioral problem is aggressive behavior resulting from online gaming. The research method used was a literature review by examining various previous research articles relevant to the research topic. The sources used were scientific journals discussing aggressive behavior due to online gaming in adolescents. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively to obtain an overview of the level of tendency for aggressive behavior to emerge, which is influenced by the intensity of online gaming. The results of the study showed a significant relationship between aggressive behavior and the intensity of online gaming. Therefore, the implication is that guidance and counseling should not only focus on behavioral management but also efforts to detect early and prevent it through assessment, early screening of risky behavior, information services, psychoeducation on digital literacy, play time management, and emotional management. Collaboration between guidance counselors, teachers, and parents is crucial in integrating students' behavioral development sustainably, so that guidance and counseling services become a system that plays a role in reducing the risk of aggressive behavior due to online gaming in adolescents.

Teenage brawls have become an increasingly urgent social issue, considering the destructive impact they cause. This study aims to explore the causes and negative impacts of student brawls through a literature review. By analyzing 20 related academic articles, it was found that the triggers of brawls can be divided into two main dimensions. The internal dimension includes factors such as deindividuation, identity crisis, and low self-regulation, while the external dimension encompasses ineffective parenting styles, peer influence, and provocation through social media. The impact of brawls is significant, not only on physical aspects and fatalities but also on psychological disturbances, moral decline, stigmatization, and serious legal consequences. This study concludes that a comprehensive intervention approach is needed, involving school counseling services, education on better parenting, and community monitoring to reduce the tendency for teenage aggression. This strategy is expected to address the root causes of brawls in a more structured and effective manner, creating a safer environment and supporting positive teenage development.

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior commonly experienced by adolescents and has significant impacts on both physical and mental health. Schools, as primary social environments for teenagers, often become settings where bullying occurs. Several factors contribute to this behavior, particularly peer influence, family roles, and social media use. This study aimed to analyze factors related to bullying behavior among adolescents in a junior high school, including respondent characteristics, peer influence, family roles, and social media usage, as well as their relationships with bullying behavior. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 71 eighth-grade students as respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with the Chi-Square test. The results showed significant relationships between peer factors (p=0.003), family roles (p<0.001), and social media use (p=0.001) with bullying behavior. A large proportion of respondents reported high social media usage (45.1%) and low family involvement (45.1%), while more than half (53.5%) were categorized as being at risk of engaging in bullying behavior. These findings indicate that adolescents are strongly influenced by their social environment, both offline and online. Negative peer interactions and limited family supervision can increase the likelihood of bullying behavior. In conclusion, peer factors, family roles, and social media use are significantly associated with bullying among adolescents. Therefore, collaboration between families, schools, and communities is essential through psychosocial assessments, increased family involvement, and character education programs to prevent and reduce bullying behavior.

Domestic violence (DV) is a hidden crime phenomenon with complex criminology, deeply rooted in the interaction between economic pressures and unequal social norms. Financial instability, such as unemployment and poverty, creates profound psychological stress on individuals, especially for perpetrators who fail to fulfill their breadwinner role, which is then expressed through aggressive behavior. Economic crises even causally increase stress, leading to physical or psychological violence. The dominant profile of perpetrators is men with low emotional control who are financially stressed and adhere to patriarchal ideology, while the majority of victims are women (housewives) who are vulnerable due to economic dependence and lack of access to resources, reinforcing the dynamics of economic violence as a systematic means of control. Optimizing response requires an integrated approach: strengthening law enforcement through sensitivity to non-physical violence and guaranteeing the protection of victims' assets, empowering victims economically through training and access to capital to foster independence, and transforming social norms through gender equality campaigns and deconstructing patriarchal culture that considers domestic violence a private matter.