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Odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) is an important ruminant forage because of its high palatability, adaptability to tropical environments, and potential for high biomass production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solid organic fertilizer on the growth and production of odot grass as a basis for developing productive and sustainable forage cultivation. The experiment was conducted in Pangi Village, Dulupi District, Boalemo Regency, from February to March 2026 using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of P0 without solid organic fertilizer, P1 at 10 t/ha, P2 at 20 t/ha, P3 at 30 t/ha, and P4 at 40 t/ha. Observed variables included plant height, leaf number, tiller number, and fresh weight production. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that P4 produced the best response for all measured parameters. The highest plant height was 77.83 ± 43.80 cm, with 18.83 ± 3.67 leaves, 2.42 ± 1.38 tillers, and fresh weight production of 52.33 ± 10.12 t/ha. These improvements indicate that 40 t/ha solid organic fertilizer enhanced nutrient availability and supported biomass formation. Solid organic fertilizer is therefore a promising locally based cultivation input for improving ruminant forage productivity.

Curriculum reform in Indonesia has repeatedly emphasized flexibility, deep learning, and student-centered instruction. Nevertheless, many reforms have not been translated effectively into classroom practice. Existing studies tend to focus on teacher competence and policy readiness, while the deeper dimension of teacher beliefs remains underexplored. This study aims to unpack how teacher beliefs shape responses to curriculum reform and to identify the belief-related factors that influence the success or failure of curriculum innovation. A qualitative descriptive design was employed using pre-Delphi reflective questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion data involving senior secondary school teachers and educational stakeholders. Data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns of belief, challenge, and adaptation. The findings reveal that teacher beliefs constitute the most decisive factor in curriculum implementation. Three major themes emerged: (1) a persistent gap between curriculum policy and classroom practice, (2) the difficulty of transforming teachers’ mindsets from fixed to growth-oriented perspectives, and (3) the construction of an ideal teacher identity characterized by reflection, adaptability, collaboration, and moral commitment. More importantly, teachers viewed curriculum change not merely as a technical demand, but as a moral and spiritual responsibility. Curriculum reform will remain ineffective unless it addresses teachers’ internal beliefs. Sustainable transformation requires professional development that integrates cognitive, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of teaching.      

This study aims to examine how the implementation of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) carried out by Friendshub contributes to building and strengthening brand awareness. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach and a case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the core team of Friendshub and documentation of marketing activities, which were then thematically analyzed to explore communication patterns and creative strategies applied. The findings reveal that Friendshub integrates six elements of IMC as proposed by Belch and Belch (2021)—advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, and digital/interactive marketing—implemented across various channels such as social media, WhatsApp, email blasts, and event organization that emphasizes direct experiential engagement. The success of this implementation is supported by close communication with clients, consistent visual identity, and the adaptability of messages to audience needs, while challenges include limited budgets, dependence on client briefs, and short execution timelines. These findings highlight that consistent, creative, and adaptive IMC practices are not only effective in enhancing brand awareness but also in strengthening long-term relationships between Friendshub as a brand and its audience, thereby contributing positively to the sustainability of its image and corporate growth.

Educational transformation in the era of globalization and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 requires educational institutions not only to produce academically competent graduates but also individuals with entrepreneurial spirit, creativity, and adaptability. The high rate of educated unemployment indicates the need for alternative approaches, one of which is the implementation of an edupreneurial business model. This concept integrates entrepreneurial principles into educational management, emphasizing innovation, value creation, and sustainability. This study analyzes the application of business models in edupreneurship within formal educational institutions, covering conventional, digital, and social models. The findings indicate that edupreneurship enhances educational relevance, expands accessibility, and supports financial independence of institutions. Social edupreneurship is considered effective in promoting educational equity through socially impactful business models. The success of implementing an edupreneurial business model depends on continuous innovation, technological utilization, strategic partnerships, and diversification of funding sources. Therefore, edupreneurship is recommended as a visionary, adaptive, and sustainable strategy for educational transformation.

This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis comparing the legal mechanisms of constitutional amendment in Indonesia and South Africa. The research employs a normative juridical method with a comparative law approach. Primary data is sourced from the authoritative texts of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945) and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Data analysis is conducted qualitatively using content analysis techniques on provisions related to constitutional amendments in both supreme legal documents. The research findings reveal fundamental differences in the constitutional amendment paradigms of both countries. First, Indonesia adopts a rigid amendment system implemented by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) with very strict quorum and approval requirements. Second, South Africa adopts a more flexible and differentiated system, where Parliament acts as the constituent authority, with varying approval levels depending on the substance of the amended provisions ranging from simple majority to two-thirds, and even involving the Provincial Council for certain matters. Third, despite different approaches, both countries affirm the principle of constitutional supremacy. These mechanistic differences reflect Indonesia's strategic choice to prioritize consensus and constitutional stability, while South Africa emphasizes constitutional adaptability and responsiveness to socio-political developments.

This study aims to analyze the concept of modern governance in public service delivery using a descriptive qualitative approach through an extensive literature review. Modern governance is understood as a governance model that emphasizes collaboration, transparency, adaptability, and the involvement of multiple actors within policy networks. The data were collected from books, journal articles, international institutional documents, and previous research relevant to governance and public administration. The findings indicate that modern governance significantly contributes to improving public service effectiveness, particularly through digital innovation, data integration, and collaborative mechanisms between government institutions and citizens. Several case studies—such as public service innovations in Surabaya, Surakarta, and various village administrations—demonstrate that this model can accelerate service processes and enhance public satisfaction. However, the implementation of modern governance still faces challenges, including limited resources, rigid bureaucratic culture, low public participation, and the inconsistent application of good governance principles. This study concludes that modern governance holds substantial potential to strengthen the quality of public services in Indonesia, yet requires strong governmental commitment, technological readiness, and active community involvement to be effectively implemented.

This research seeks to examine the innovative governance of police logistics to enhance the operational service efficiency at the Logistics Bureau of East Java Regional Police. The research context arises from the need to reform police logistics management to meet technological innovations and demands for public accountability. This research utilized a qualitative method featuring a case study approach, incorporating extensive interviews with logistics officers, operational personnel, and third-party providers, along with firsthand observations of digital logistics management systems. The results indicate that the adoption of the Integrated Logistic Management System (ILMS) and barcode tracking has improved transparency, distribution speed, and efficiency in operational budgets. Nonetheless, difficulties persist in human resource capability and interdepartmental collaboration. The dialogue suggests that these advancements correspond with adaptive governance theory, stressing bureaucratic adaptability in response to organizational shifts, and public service motivation, which underscores the importance of motivation and professionalism in enhancing the quality of public services. The research finds that digital innovation and performance-oriented assessment enhance the efficiency of police operational services. It suggests enhancing human resource capabilities, performance assessment systems, and collaboration among units to attain transparent, effective, and sustainable logistics management.

This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Konstitusi/MK) as a positive legislator through the lens of the living constitution approach, which conceptualizes the constitution as a dynamic and evolving document responding to social and political change. The main problem addressed is the extent to which the MK’s judicial activism in interpreting and even creating new legal norms aligns with constitutional principles, democratic legitimacy, and the balance of powers between the judiciary and the legislature. The objective of the research is to analyze how the MK’s progressive interpretations have transformed it from a negative legislator—which merely annuls unconstitutional laws—into a positive legislator that effectively fills legal gaps and constructs new constitutional meanings. Using a normative juridical method combined with case study analysis, this research explores key constitutional decisions, focusing on cases where the MK extended its interpretive authority beyond mere judicial review. The findings reveal that the MK, through the living constitution approach, justifies its role as a positive legislator by invoking principles of constitutional morality, justice, and responsiveness to societal evolution. However, this judicial creativity also generates tension with legislative supremacy and may risk overstepping the boundaries of judicial function. The synthesis of findings suggests that the MK’s transformation embodies the dynamic interplay between constitutional text and social context, reinforcing the adaptability of Indonesian constitutionalism. The study concludes that while the MK’s position as a positive legislator under the living constitution paradigm strengthens constitutional justice and protects citizens’ rights, it must remain anchored in checks and balances to prevent judicial overreach and preserve democratic legitimacy.

In the era of digital transformation, public bureaucracies face increasingly complex demands to become more adaptive, responsive, and efficient in meeting evolving public expectations. This change is increasingly crucial in newly autonomous regions such as Southwest Papua Province, which are building their governance systems from scratch. This research aims to examine the implementation of Agile Governance in accelerating public services, specifically by examining the extent to which agile principles such as flexibility, cross-actor collaboration, and continuous iteration have been applied within the regional bureaucracy. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a desk study method based on secondary data sourced from policy documents, institutional reports, relevant regulations, and the latest scientific literature. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to identify themes, patterns, and gaps in policy implementation. The results indicate that the implementation of Agile Governance in Southwest Papua remains limited, partial, and has not been systematically integrated into the regional bureaucratic framework. Current efforts to digitize public services emphasize technical aspects, but are not supported by adequate regulations, robust digital infrastructure, or strengthened human resource capacity. This results in the implementation of agile principles such as transparency, adaptability, and collaboration not being fully reflected in bureaucratic practices. This study concludes that the successful implementation of Agile Governance requires comprehensive institutional transformation, increased adaptive capacity of the apparatus, and contextualized governance design tailored to the needs of the new autonomous region. The study's contribution is to provide an empirical and conceptual foundation for promoting bureaucratic reform in Southwest Papua while enriching academic literature in the field of adaptive public administration, particularly within the framework of digital and agile governance.

This study examines the practice of reciprocity within the persatuan barang (goods-sharing) group during the implementation of the rewang tradition in Desa Banglas, Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti. The main focus of the research is to identify the various forms of exchange that occur, whether in the form of money, goods, or labor. A narrative qualitative approach was used, with data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, archival review, and documentation of bookkeeping records. The subjects of this research are members of the persatuan barang group who actively participate in social and cultural events in the village. The findings reveal three types of reciprocity: generalized, balanced, and negative. Generalized reciprocity is evident in voluntary contributions without expecting immediate return, often practiced among close kin or neighbors. Balanced reciprocity is demonstrated through exchanges of equal value with a certain expectation of timely return, particularly during communal events like weddings or funerals. Negative reciprocity, although rare, involves unequal exchanges that may lead to social tensions or perceptions of unfairness. These findings indicate that the persatuan barang group functions not only as an informal economic mechanism but also as a cultural institution that fosters mutual assistance, reinforces social cohesion, and preserves traditional values. The exchange systems operate within an implicit moral economy that prioritizes collective welfare over individual gain. Additionally, the tradition of rewang and the organizational role of persatuan barang highlight the resilience and adaptability of indigenous practices in supporting rural livelihoods amid changing socioeconomic conditions. The study suggests that such local systems of reciprocity play a vital role in sustaining social capital, strengthening community identity, and ensuring social security in the absence of formal welfare structures. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of these practices on community resilience and rural development.  

This study analyzes social change in Ponggok Village, Klaten, Central Java, from an impoverished village to a self-sufficient one, utilizing Talcott Parsons' structural functionalist framework and the AGIL model (Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, Latency). Prior to 2006, Ponggok Village faced poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and limited employment opportunities, despite its significant potential for spring water. The transformation began in 2009-2013 with collaboration between the village head and academics for potential mapping and the establishment of the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) Tirta Mandiri. The period from 2014 to 2018 marked a "golden era" with the implementation of the Village Law of 2014, increased village funds, and peak revenues from Umbul Ponggok. However, from 2019-2023, the village experienced a significant decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed, dividing the timeline into three periods (2009-2013, 2014-2018, 2019-2023). Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions, interviews, and literature reviews. The research findings demonstrate how Ponggok Village systematically fulfills the AGIL functional prerequisites by examining socio-economic policies through policies implemented by the Village Government, Village Consultative Body (BPD), and Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) in efforts to improve quality of life, foster social integration among stakeholders, and maintain values through sustainable programs aimed at achieving and sustaining the success of its transformation. These findings provide a holistic understanding of the village’s resilience and adaptability in facing social and economic challenges.

This study analyzes the relationship between intercultural communication competence and cultural empathy in Madura ethnic nomadic students. As a group that often faces challenges in cross-cultural communication, migrant students need to have high adaptability in order to interact effectively in diverse academic and social environments. This study aims to understand how the process of cross-cultural communication can shape the cultural empathy of Madura ethnic nomadic students, as well as how factors such as cross-cultural awareness, ease of perspective, feelings of empathy, and expressions of empathy contribute to their adaptation. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method of Madurese ethnic nomadic students spread across several provinces in Indonesia. The results of the study show that effective cross-cultural communication can help students in adjusting to a new environment, increasing comfort in interacting, and strengthening cultural empathy. Key factors contributing to this process include the ability to understand cultural differences, language skills, as well as a willingness to participate in the local culture.

In Indonesia, housing design policies are increasingly adopting a human-centered approach, recognizing that a home is deeply connected to the preferences of its occupants. These preferences are highly personal and diverse. While housing design is becoming more tailored to the characteristics of residents, few designs take into account the profession of the homeowner as a basis for classification. This research was conducted through direct field observations and interviews with homeowners. It focused on houses owned by individuals from 10 different professional fields in Indonesia. The goal was to explore how different professions influence the design and organization of living spaces. The study revealed that a homeowner's profession significantly impacts home design. Key findings include the addition of specialized rooms based on hobbies or interests, spatial arrangements that reflect the owner’s priorities, and increasing adaptability in design to account for climate change. These observations highlight the importance of considering profession-specific needs in housing design. The results suggest that the existing Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for housing and settlements need to be updated. The current standards focus primarily on minimum space requirements, but they should be expanded to include factors related to the homeowner's profession, which significantly shape the character of the design. Integrating these factors would lead to more personalized, functional, and sustainable housing designs.

This community service activity was carried out to improve the psychosocial capacity of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in Taiwan through online education that focuses on work stress management, adaptability, and achievement motivation. The activity was carried out in collaboration with the GANAS Community Taiwan and was attended by 35 participants who are members of the community. The implementation was carried out online using Zoom Meeting, with three webinar sessions, each discussing one main topic. Evaluation was carried out to measure the increase in participants' understanding of the material presented. The results of the activity showed a fairly good increase in understanding for the topics of stress management, work adaptation, and achievement motivation. Participants also provided positive feedback on the delivery method and the relevance of the material to the situations they experienced. This activity shows that a webinar-based educational approach can be an effective strategy in increasing PMI's knowledge and awareness of the psychosocial issues they face in the country of placement. Follow-up in the form of similar activities periodically is needed to strengthen the impact and reach more migrant worker communities in the future.

This qualitative study aims to gain insights into how English lecturers perceive and integrate generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their teaching, an increasingly relevant topic in education. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research involved two lecturers from a higher education context. Findings reveal a shift in perception: although both participants were initially reluctant due to unfamiliarity and concerns about learning quality, they gradually embraced AI after firsthand experience. They now recognize its potential to support teaching while maintaining careful oversight to ensure it does not compromise the learning process. Their evolving views highlight the importance of adaptability and critical awareness in incorporating AI into English language education.

This research analyzes the professionalism of secretaries in PT Bulog by examining their attitudes, skills, and competencies in fulfilling their roles. It explores how corporate culture influences secretarial professionalism, strategies for addressing workplace challenges, and the impact of ethical practices and personal values on work quality. Data was collected qualitatively through interviews, observations, and documentation. Results reveal that professionalism encompasses effective communication, time management, technological adeptness, and ethical conduct. Additionally, corporate culture significantly shapes secretaries' work attitudes and behaviors. To address challenges, secretaries adopt strategies like continuous learning and adaptability. This research highlights the importance of corporate culture, ethics, and ongoing skill enhancement in maintaining high standards of professionalism.

This study focuses on developing a global curriculum model that integrates intercultural and multilingual competencies to enhance students’ academic and communicative skills. The proposed framework emphasizes flexibility, inclusivity, and adaptability, combining theoretical knowledge with practical applications to help students thrive in multicultural, multilingual, and digitally mediated global contexts. Using a qualitative curriculum design approach, the study examines the integration of intercultural competence and multilingual education into existing curricula, offering a model adaptable to diverse educational settings. It further explores the impact of this curriculum on students' ability to communicate across cultural and linguistic boundaries, highlighting the importance of digital literacy and global communication skills. The findings indicate that the intercultural model enhances students' academic performance and global citizenship, preparing them for international collaborations and addressing global challenges. Additionally, the curriculum's adaptability ensures its alignment with digital education demands, making it relevant in today’s evolving educational landscape. The research underscores the importance of curricula that embrace cultural diversity and linguistic multiplicity, promoting inclusivity and preparing students for the complexities of an interconnected world. The study concludes with practical recommendations for educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers to implement intercultural and multilingual frameworks globally, ensuring students are equipped with the necessary skills for success in the digital and globalized world.

This study evaluates the role of instructional leadership in fostering inclusive education practices within primary schools. The research investigates how principals, through their leadership practices, contribute to the development of a culture of inclusion, particularly for students with special needs. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys of primary school teachers and qualitative interviews with principals and educators. The findings reveal that effective instructional leadership plays a crucial role in enhancing teacher engagement and promoting inclusive practices. Key leadership practices such as clear communication, ongoing support, and the active promotion of inclusivity were found to significantly impact the success of inclusive education. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of leadership training, with principals who received formal training being more capable of supporting inclusive practices. The involvement of the school community, including teachers, parents, and local stakeholders, was also identified as a critical factor in sustaining inclusive education practices. Finally, the study emphasizes the need for curriculum flexibility, showing that the ability to adapt teaching methods and materials to meet the diverse needs of students is vital for fostering inclusion. These findings underline the importance of comprehensive leadership development, community collaboration, and curriculum adaptability in creating inclusive primary school environments.

The low quality of public services is still a classic problem in Indonesia. Therefore, it is time for the government to implement e-government as an effort to improve services to the community. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of making online SKCK at MPP Pandeglang Regency as an implementation of e-government and to determine the factors that support and hinder e-government at MPP Pandeglang Regency. The research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, a case study of making online SKCK at the Pandeglang Regency MPP. This research found that the effectiveness of e-government as seen from the indicators of productivity, adaptability, job satisfaction and general development is good. The supporting factor is the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the lack of human resources and inappropriate placement of officers. This research has the implication that the e-government services provided should be socialized first so that they can be implemented optimally in society.