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Submandibular Abscess is an accumulation of pus in the neck space resulting from the spread of infection, most commonly originating from dental infection. This condition requires surgical incision and drainage along with comprehensive nursing care to prevent serious complications. This study used a descriptive method in the form of a case study approach through the nursing process, aimed at describing nursing care for patients with Pre and Post Op Submandibular Abscess. Nursing diagnoses that emerged in Ny. T consisted of five diagnoses: Pre-op: Acute Pain related to physiological injuring agent and Anxiety related to situational crisis. Post-op: Acute Pain related to physical injuring agent, Risk of Infection evidenced by invasive procedures, and Knowledge Deficit related to lack of information exposure. Interventions provided included Pain Management, Relaxation Therapy, Infection Prevention, and Health Education. After nursing implementation for four days (February 12-15, 2026), out of the five diagnoses, two were fully resolved: anxiety and knowledge deficit, while three others were partially resolved due to time constraints, requiring continuous follow-up of nursing care.

Soft Tissue Tumor (STT) is an abnormal lump or swelling caused by new cell growth originating from connective tissue. Post-operative STT presents major nursing problems including acute pain, knowledge deficit, and risk of infection that require comprehensive nursing care. This scientific paper aims to describe nursing care for Mr. R with post-operative Soft Tissue Tumor (STT) Gluteal Sinistra in Mawar 2 Ward of RSUD dr. Soeselo Tegal Regency. The writing method used is descriptive with a case study plan through interviews, physical examination, observation, and documentation. Assessment was conducted on February 8, 2026 on Mr. R, a 37-year-old male, who underwent left gluteal tumor removal surgery on February 7, 2026. Assessment results identified three nursing diagnoses: acute pain related to physical injury agent (D.0077), knowledge deficit related to lack of information exposure (D.0111), and risk of infection evidenced by invasive procedure effects (D.0142). After nursing interventions for 2x24 hours on February 8–9, 2026, evaluation showed all three nursing diagnoses resolved: pain scale decreased from 6 to 2, the client was able to re-explain the tumor disease, and the surgical wound was clean without signs of infection. The conclusion of this nursing care shows that the application of deep breathing relaxation techniques, health education, and proper wound care are effective in addressing nursing problems in post-operative Soft Tissue Tumor patients.

Background: Lymphadenopathy is an enlargement of the lymph nodes commonly caused by infection or inflammatory processes, which may lead to pain and risk of postoperative complications. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of nursing care for a patient following left-sided lymphadenopathy surgery. Method: This case study used a nursing process approach, encompassing data collection through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation review of medical records conducted in Mawar 2 Ward at RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. Results: Based on assessment, three primary nursing diagnoses were identified: acute pain, knowledge deficit, and risk of infection. Following standard nursing interventions, pain was reduced, patient knowledge improved, and the wound was maintained without signs of infection. Conclusion: The systematic application of nursing care can help reduce patient complaints and prevent postoperative complications of lymphadenopathy.

Tumor Left Scapular Region is an abnormal tissue growth in the left scapular area that can cause pain, mobility disturbances, and decreased upper extremity function. The aim of writing this case study was to obtain a description of the implementation of nursing care for Ny. H with Post-Operative Tumor Left Scapular Region in Mawar 2 Ward, RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. The method used is a case study with a nursing process approach including assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation conducted on February 8–9, 2026. The assessment results showed that the patient complained of pain in the post-operative wound of the left scapula with a pain scale of 5, there was a risk of infection due to the operative wound, and the patient lacked knowledge about the disease experienced. Nursing diagnoses established were acute pain, risk of infection, and knowledge deficit. After nursing actions were carried out for 2×24 hours, pain decreased, no signs of infection were found in the operative wound, and patient knowledge increased. It can be concluded that the application of nursing care in patients with Tumor Left Scapular Region was able to help reduce pain, prevent infection, and increase patient knowledge to support the healing process optimally.

Introduction: Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg that has the potential to cause serious complications. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.11% (Riskesdas, 2018), in Central Java 37.57%, and in Tonjong Village 15,951 patients aged ≥15 years were recorded (Tonjong Health Center, 2025). Purpose: To provide direct and comprehensive family nursing care to Ny. T, the family of Tn. D, with hypertension in Tonjong Village, Dukuh Kauman RT 03 RW 04, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. Method: Case study with a nursing process approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation, conducted on December 26–29, 2025. Results: Assessment revealed that Ny. T complained of dizziness, neck pain, difficulty sleeping, and soreness in both legs with blood pressure of 167/100 mmHg. The family had no knowledge about hypertension. Two diagnoses were established: Acute Pain (D.0077) and Knowledge Deficit (D.0111). Interventions included complementary foot massage therapy to address acute pain and health education on hypertension. After three visits, the Acute Pain diagnosis was partially resolved with a decrease in pain scale from 3 to 2 and blood pressure from 167/100 mmHg to 150/95 mmHg, while the Knowledge Deficit diagnosis was fully resolved. Conclusion: Family Nursing Care with the SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI approach had a positive impact on improving the condition of Ny. T. It is recommended that the client continue foot massage independently, implement the five family health tasks, and routinely utilize health facilities.

Background: Gout arthritis is a metabolic disease caused by excessive uric acid levels in the blood (hyperuricemia), which leads to monosodium urate crystal deposition in the joints. Globally, the prevalence of gout arthritis ranges from 1–4% of the general population. In Indonesia, the national prevalence reaches approximately 7.3% based on medical diagnosis, and in Brebes Regency, cases reach 62.4%. At the Tonjong Health Center service area, the prevalence of gout arthritis in Karanganyar Hamlet, Tonjong Village, reaches 2.04%. Gout arthritis requires comprehensive nursing care including pain management and health education to prevent recurrence. Objective: To implement nursing care for Ny. S, family of Tn. S, with musculoskeletal system disorder: gout arthritis in Karanganyar Hamlet, Tonjong Village, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. Method: This study used a case study design with a single patient/family subject. Data collection was conducted through interview, observation, physical examination, and study documentation on December 26–27, 2025 at the patient's home. Results: Assessment revealed Ny. S (72 years) experienced acute pain in the right knee joint with a pain scale of 3/10 and uric acid level of 7.3 mg/dL, along with knowledge deficit regarding gout arthritis. Two nursing diagnoses were established: acute pain and knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions included pain management education, non-pharmacological therapy (turmeric decoction), pharmacological therapy (allopurinol), and health education. Implementation was conducted over two visits. Evaluation results showed that acute pain was partially resolved (pain scale reduced to 2/10, uric acid 7.2 mg/dL) and knowledge deficit was resolved. Conclusion: Nursing care for patients with gout arthritis through pain management and health education can reduce pain intensity and improve family knowledge about the disease. Non-pharmacological intervention with turmeric decoction contributed to decreasing uric acid levels and pain. Keywords: gout arthritis, acute pain, knowledge deficit, family nursing care, non-pharmacological therapy

Background: Community nursing is a specialty field that combines nursing science skills, public health sciences, and social assistance in addressing individual and family health problems, including non-communicable diseases such as gout arthritis. Gout arthritis is a metabolic disease characterized by pain and joint inflammation due to the accumulation of purine crystals (hyperuricemia). The WHO reports a prevalence of gout arthritis reaching 3.74% globally, while in Indonesia the prevalence reaches 11.9% based on health worker diagnosis. In Brebes Regency, the prevalence reaches 13.67%, with 3,078 sufferers out of 22,550 productive-age population. Objective: To provide comprehensive community nursing care to Ny. R with musculoskeletal system disorder: gout arthritis in Tonjong Village, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. Method: This study uses a case study approach with data collection through interview, observation, physical examination, and documentation study conducted on December 26–28, 2025. Results: Assessment findings showed that Ny. R, a 60-year-old woman, had a history of gout arthritis for 3 months with uric acid levels of 9.6 mg/dL, complaining of pain and aching in the left foot with pain scale 3. Two nursing diagnoses were established: acute pain and knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions included pain management, uric acid level monitoring, lemongrass stem decoction foot soak complementary therapy, and health education using leaflets. After 2 days of implementation, uric acid levels decreased to 8.2 mg/dL and pain scale decreased to 2. Conclusion: Community nursing care through complementary therapy (lemongrass stem decoction foot soak) and health education effectively reduced pain and improved knowledge about gout arthritis in Ny. R.

Background: Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a surgical procedure to deliver the fetus through an incision in the abdominal and uterine wall. Patients with a history of previous sectio caesarea frequently experience acute pain, risk of infection, and lack of knowledge regarding post-SC contraception, requiring comprehensive nursing care. Objective: To describe the application of nursing care in a patient with post-operative sectio caesarea with a history of sectio caesarea indication. Methods: This study used a descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, documentation, and relevant literature review. Results: Assessment of Ny. S revealed three nursing diagnoses: acute pain, knowledge deficit, and risk of infection. Interventions included pain management, family planning (KB) health education, and infection prevention through wound care. Following nursing interventions, the knowledge deficit resolved completely, while acute pain and risk of infection were partially resolved. Conclusion: Systematic nursing care can effectively address nursing problems in post-SC patients and improve patient health outcomes.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global public health concern, with hypertension affecting an estimated 1.4 billion adults worldwide. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension among individuals aged 18 years and above reached 30.8% in 2023. In Kecamatan Tonjong, Kabupaten Brebes, the number of hypertension sufferers aged 15 years and above reached 15,951 people in 2025. Objective: To implement comprehensive family nursing care for Ny. S, family of Tn. F, who experienced cardiovascular system disorders due to hypertension in Desa Karang Jati RT 01 RW 05, Kecamatan Tonjong, Kabupaten Brebes. Method: This study used a descriptive narrative method with a nursing process approach (assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation), conducted through home visits over three days from December 26–28, 2025. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation. Results: Two nursing diagnoses were identified: acute pain related to hypertension and knowledge deficit regarding hypertension. Nursing interventions included pain management, oral medication administration (captopril 25 mg), and health education. Complementary non-pharmacological therapy using cucumber juice was applied once daily for three days. Conclusion: After three days of nursing implementation, both nursing diagnoses were fully resolved. Blood pressure decreased from 165/90 mmHg to 132/77 mmHg and the pain scale reduced from 4 to 1. Discharge planning was provided including recommendations for routine blood pressure monitoring, healthy lifestyle, and consistent medication adherence.

Background: Distal radius fracture is the most common fracture of the radius bone near the wrist joint. The prevalence of fractures in Indonesia in 2024 was 3.8%, indicating that approximately 20 million people experienced fractures. Therefore, nursing care planning is required to address musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: To describe the nursing care for patients with Musculoskeletal System Disorders: Post-Op ORIF Fracture of One-Third Distal Radius Dextra. Method: This study used a descriptive narrative method by providing an overview of nursing care through a nursing process approach. Results: Nursing diagnoses that emerged in the patient included acute pain, impaired physical mobility, risk of infection, and knowledge deficit. Interventions performed included pain management, mobilization support, infection prevention, and health education. Conclusion: After two days of nursing implementation, one diagnosis was fully resolved and three diagnoses were partially resolved due to time constraints. Discharge planning was provided including deep breathing relaxation techniques, passive ROM exercises, and wound dressing changes every two days.  

Background: Acute pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx caused by viral or bacterial infections, frequently resulting in sore throat, fever, and dysphagia. This condition is among the most prevalent acute respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity and the burden of healthcare services. Objective: This case study aimed to describe the comprehensive nursing care provided to patient An. F with acute pharyngitis at Ward Anggrek 1, RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. Methods: A descriptive study design with a nursing process approach was employed. Data were collected through anamnesis, physical examination, observation, and documentation review. The nursing process encompassed assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation. Results: Assessment revealed chief complaints of throat pain (NRS scale 5), fever (38.8°C), erythematous tonsils, and nutritional deficit. Three nursing diagnoses were established: acute pain related to physiological injury, hyperthermia related to disease process, and knowledge deficit related to insufficient information exposure. Interventions included pain management, hyperthermia management, and health education. Following two days of nursing care, the patient’s condition significantly improved, with pain scale reduced from 5 to 3 and body temperature normalized to 37.7°C. Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing care incorporating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches effectively reduced pain and fever, and improved patient and family health literacy regarding acute pharyngitis.

Diabetes Mellitus Type II is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Globally, the number of people with diabetes in 2024 is estimated to reach 800 million, with more than 95% being Type II Diabetes Mellitus. At RSUD Prof. M. Yamin, SH Pariaman in 2025, there were 189 recorded cases of Type II Diabetes Mellitus without complications. The purpose of this scientific paper is to provide nursing care to a patient with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Internal Medicine Ward of RSUD Prof. M. Yamin, SH Pariaman. The method used is a case study with a nursing process approach, including observation, interviews, physical examination, and data collection from medical records. This study was conducted in the internal ward for 5 days, from February 6, 2026 to February 10, 2026, with the subject Mrs. N. The assessment results identified nine nursing problems: unstable blood glucose levels, acute pain, impaired skin/tissue integrity, ineffective peripheral perfusion, impaired physical mobility, sleep pattern disturbance, fatigue, risk of infection, and risk of nutritional deficit. The evaluation after 5 days of nursing care showed that five diagnoses were resolved, namely unstable blood glucose levels, ineffective peripheral perfusion, fatigue, risk of infection, and risk of nutritional deficit. Meanwhile, the other four diagnoses were not fully resolved but showed improvement. It is expected that the patient and family will maintain adherence to a healthy lifestyle, therapy, diet, and regular follow-up in order to prevent complications.

Laparotomy is a major surgical procedure associated with a high risk of acute postoperative pain. According to Gan (2017), if pain is not properly managed, it can progress to chronic pain. (Toro et al., 2018) reported that severe pain on the first postoperative day is still commonly found in laparotomy patients, while (Small & Laycock, 2020) indicated that moderate to severe pain within the first 24 hours following major surgery remains a significant clinical issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological pain management following laparotomy under general anesthesia, specifically to identify the types of opioid analgesics used, analyze their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity, identify side effects, and examine administration techniques and routes. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases covering the years 2015–2026. The included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and retrospective studies addressing opioid pharmacological pain management in adult patients following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Study quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review indicate that opioids are effective in reducing postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. The most commonly used opioids are morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone. Of all the opioids reviewed, oxycodone provided the best pain control, while intrathecal morphine was most effective in reducing the need for supplemental opioids during the early postoperative period. Other opioids, such as extended-release dinalbuphine sebacate and tegileridine, are also effective, but the number of studies is still limited. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation, and dizziness. Pharmacological pain management using opioids is effective in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone are the most commonly used opioids. Oxycodone and intrathecal morphine have shown good results in improving pain control and reducing the need for supplemental opioids. The selection of opioid type, dosage, and administration technique must be tailored to the patient’s clinical condition to achieve optimal analgesia with minimal side effects.

Fracture is a condition characterized by the disruption of bone continuity that often causes acute pain, especially in patients following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF). Effective pain management is essential to support the recovery process and improve patient comfort during hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cold compress therapy (cryotherapy) in reducing pain intensity in post-ORIF patients. This study used a case study method on a patient diagnosed with a right humerus fracture at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital. Data were collected through interviews, interventions, and documentation using the PQRST method. Cryotherapy was administered once daily for three consecutive days using an ice bag applied to the painful area. The results showed a gradual decrease in pain intensity from scale 7 to 6 on the first day, 5 on the second day, and 4 on the third day. The patient also reported increased comfort after the intervention. These findings indicate that cryotherapy is effective as a non-pharmacological intervention in reducing postoperative pain and improving patient comfort.

Sectio caesarea is a common surgical procedure to deliver a baby when normal delivery is not possible or risky. Postoperatively, patients often experience acute pain that can interfere with the recovery process. The benson relaxation technique is a nonpharmacological method that has been shown to be effective in reducing pain through a relaxation and patient confidence approach. This study uses a case study approach on Mrs. T, a post-sectio caesarea patient at Harapan Bunda Hospital, Batam City. Nursing care is carried out comprehensively for three days, including assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The main intervention was the administration of benzone relaxation techniques for 10–15 minutes every day. After three days of applying the Benson relaxation technique, Mrs. T's pain intensity decreased from a scale of 6 (moderate pain) to a scale of 2 (mild pain). Patients show increased comfort, ability to be active, and decreased expressions of pain such as grimacing. These results support previous findings that benzon relaxation is effective as a nonpharmacological therapy in reducing postoperative pain. This technique can be a safe and easy-to-apply alternative in nursing practice, especially for post-sectio caesarean patients.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacterium that affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory mucosa, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a comorbidity that can worsen the course of leprosy. The female patient, Mrs. D, aged 55 years came to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital with the main complaint of red bumps accompanied by pain on the face, hands, chest, and back since 3 days ago and additional complaints such as fever, joint pain, and numbness and loss of feeling in the legs, weakness, frequent thirst, and frequent urination. Dermatologic status is obtained in the facial region in the form of erythema nodules with firm boundaries with numular size, multiple. Laboratory examination showed anemia and leukocytosis. The therapy given was MDT MB package, ferrous sulfate 1x325 mg and PRC transfusion 3 kolf. Complaints arose acutely after the patient resumed taking MDT (multidrug therapy) leprosy drugs which had previously been stopped for more than 3 months. Based on the time of onset of symptoms, history of leprosy treatment, and the manifestation of systemic inflammatory lesions with signs of neurotropism, it can be suspected that the patient is experiencing a type 2 leprosy reaction or Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL).

A Normocytic normochromic anemia is one of the most common types of anemia found in geriatric patients with chronic diseases or acute bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) may cause continuous blood loss resulting in decreased hemoglobin levels. This case report discusses a 72-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital with complaints of black stools for four days prior to admission accompanied by epigastric pain, nausea, weakness, and pallor. The patient had a history of long-term use of analgesic and anti-gout medications due to chronic joint pain, which was suspected to be a risk factor for UGIB. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva and tachycardia, while laboratory findings showed hemoglobin of 7.1 g/dL, hematocrit of 23.3%, MCV of 82 fL, MCH of 29 pg, and uric acid level of 11.56 mg/dL, leading to the diagnosis of normocytic normochromic anemia caused by UGIB accompanied by gout arthritis. The patient received intravenous fluid therapy, proton pump inhibitors, antifibrinolytic agents, gastroprotective therapy, packed red cell transfusion, and other supportive treatments. During hospitalization, clinical improvement was observed, including cessation of gastrointestinal bleeding, reduced epigastric pain, and increased hemoglobin level to 8.6 g/dL. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management in geriatric patients with anemia caused by UGIB and comorbid gout arthritis.

Gout arthritis is a disease characterized by sudden inflammation of the joints due to high levels of uric acid in the body (hyperuricemia). This condition is marked by acute episodes of joint inflammation, often affecting a single joint and preceded by asymptomatic periods of varying duration. Older adults represent the final stage in the human lifespan and experience the natural aging process. This study employed an analytic survey design with a cross-sectional approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between gout arthritis pain and the level of independence in activities of daily living among patients at the Helvetia Public Health Center. The results showed that the majority of older adults in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Helvetia experienced high levels of pain, with 73 respondents reporting severe pain. Meanwhile, most respondents demonstrated independence in their daily activities, with 72 categorized as independent. The findings indicate a significant relationship between gout arthritis and the level of independence in activities of daily living among older patients at the Helvetia Public Health Center.

A fracture occurs when bone continuity is disrupted due to external pressure or force that exceeds the bone's capacity. Fractures constitute a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. A primary surgical intervention for this condition is the Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) procedure, which aims to reposition broken bone fragments to their normal anatomy. This procedure is considered crucial for achieving proper bone union and minimizing the potential for postoperative complications. As a consequence of the surgical incision and tissue trauma, patients commonly experience postoperative pain. The management of this pain can broadly be categorized into two approaches: pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Among non-pharmacological methods, cold compress therapy has proven effective in alleviating pain in patients following ORIF surgery. The sensation of pain can be alleviated through the application of a cold pack by inhibiting sensory nerve conduction and suppressing local inflammation. Simultaneously, cryotherapy also reduces blood flow to the injury site, which in turn limits blood extravasation and the accumulation of edema fluid. A descriptive case study analysis of four patients with acute pain after lower extremity ORIF surgery. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS).: The application of cold compresses using cold packs for 3 days to 4 respondents before the cold compress was applied was on a pain scale of 6–7 (moderate to severe category), after the intervention the pain scale became 2–3 (mild category). The results indicate that cold compress therapy in patients with lower extremity post-ORIF fractures is effective in reducing pain levels. Therefore, cold compress therapy is recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce pain in patients with fractures after ORIF.

The postpartum period following Sectio Caesarea is often accompanied by acute pain due to surgical incisions, which may interfere with mobilization, breastfeeding, and maternal recovery. Effective pain management is essential to prevent further complications and enhance maternal comfort. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions such as Benson relaxation therapy can be implemented. This study aimed to evaluate the application of Benson relaxation therapy in reducing acute pain among postpartum Sectio Caesarea mothers.This study employed a case study design involving four postpartum Sectio Caesarea patients (Ny. R, Ny. A, Ny. Y, and Ny. S) treated in the Ayyub Ward of RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang in 2026. Data were collected through comprehensive nursing assessments, pain intensity measurement using a numeric rating scale, observation of mobilization ability, and evaluation before and after intervention.The results showed that after regular implementation of Benson relaxation therapy, all patients experienced a gradual decrease in pain intensity (from scale 4–7 to ≤3), improved comfort, better breathing control, and increased ability to perform early mobilization. Consistent nursing education, therapeutic guidance, and family involvement supported the effectiveness of the intervention. It can be concluded that Benson relaxation therapy is an effective, safe, and easily applicable nursing intervention for reducing acute pain in postpartum Sectio Caesarea patients.