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Sleep duration and sleep quality are essential physiological needs that play a significant role in the emotional and behavioral development of children aged 3–6 years. Adequate sleep supports brain development, cognitive functioning, emotional regulation, and social interaction skills in early childhood. Conversely, poor sleep duration and low sleep quality may negatively affect children’s attention, mood stability, and ability to interact socially with peers and caregivers. This article is a literature review using a systematic review approach that analyzes 10 scientific articles published between 2016–2026 to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. The article selection process followed the PRISMA flow diagram, with articles sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The findings consistently indicate that inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in social interaction among children. Furthermore, sleep disturbances were found to negatively influence children’s emotional self-regulation abilities, which are crucial for adaptive behavior. Therefore, ensuring adequate sleep duration and improving sleep quality are important strategies to support optimal emotional and behavioral development in preschool-aged children.

  Red dragon fruit contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols that have antioxidant potential and possess natural pigments that can be used as cosmetic colorants. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a blush-on powder preparation from dragon fruit pulp extract as an alternative natural colorant. The evaluation includes organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, irritation, spreadability, fineness, moisture content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the formulation met most of the requirements, exhibiting a pink color, a smooth texture, no odor, homogeneity, a pH of 6 suitable for the skin, no irritation, even spreadability within 4 applications, a fineness degree of 97.6%, and a moisture content of 6.91%. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.3036 ppm (very strong), although the relative inhibition percentage was low (18.35%). Thus, dragon fruit extract has the potential as a natural ingredient in blush-on powder that provides both color and antioxidant benefits.

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) remains a major public health concern, particularly in primary care settings. Lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns and physical activity are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to respiratory health. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary health care facility in East Halmahera, Indonesia, from January to February 2026, involving 106 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of ARI among respondents was 77.4%. Bivariate analysis showed that dietary patterns (p = 0.006) and physical activity (p = 0.015) were significantly associated with ARI. In contrast, age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with ARI (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dietary patterns and physical activity were significantly associated with ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle-related factors in addressing respiratory infections at the primary care level.  

The results of the study show that pricing strategy contributes dominantly to increasing sales, but the lack of digital promotion causes limited market reach. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in driving national economic development and providing employment. However, in facing an increasingly competitive market, MSMEs need to implement efficient marketing strategies to ensure sustainability and sustainable growth. This community service activity aims to provide knowledge and assistance to Indonesian Es Teh MSMEs regarding the implementation of flexible marketing strategies, both through digital and traditional channels. The activity took place at the Es Teh Kampung Solo outlet in Kramatwatu Square. The methods used included counseling, training, and assessment of marketing strategy implementation, with a primary focus on optimizing social media as an interactive and competitive digital promotional tool. The results of this activity demonstrated a significant increase in MSMEs' understanding of strategic marketing planning, promotional innovation, and the use of digital platforms to expand market reach. Thus, it is hoped that digital-based marketing strategies can strengthen the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs. This activity is expected to contribute to increasing the competitiveness and sales volume of the Kampung Solo Es Teh MSME in a sustainable manner through the implementation of a modern marketing approach that is responsive to technological changes.

Post section caesarea (SC) and method of operative female sterilization (MOW) are surgical procedures that may cause various problems, such as pain, limited mobility, decreased muscle strength, and risk of postoperative complications. Physiotherapy management through exercise therapy is an important intervention to accelerate the recovery process. Objective this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of exercise therapy in improving the functional condition of patients post SC and MOW in Annisa Ward 32 A at PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Hospital. Method: used was a case report on a 33-year-old female patient following SC and MOW procedures. The physiotherapy interventions included deep breathing exercises, active range of motion exercises of the extremities, light abdominal muscle contractions, gradual early mobilization, as well as breast massage and oxytocin stimulation. The results showed a reduction in pain from a scale of 4–5 to 2–3 based on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), improvement in mobility such as independent position changes, and increased activity tolerance, including sitting and walking with minimal assistance. In addition, the patient showed increased confidence in performing daily functional activities. Conclusion: exercise therapy has a positive effect on improving mobility, reducing pain, and accelerating functional recovery in post SC and MOW patients. Therefore, exercise therapy is recommended as an essential component of postoperative physiotherapy management to improve patients' quality of life.

Strawberries are horticultural commodities that are highly susceptible to postharvest deterioration due to their high respiration rate, microbial activity, and oxidative degradation, resulting in a relatively short shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of edible coatings in extending strawberry shelf life through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Literature was collected from several scientific databases using keywords related to edible coating, shelf life, and strawberry, covering publications from 2019–2026. From an initial 109 articles, a selection process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 35 articles specifically discussing the application of edible coatings on strawberries. The synthesis results showed that all studies reported an extension of shelf life after edible coating application, although the effectiveness was influenced by the type of material, formulation, and storage conditions. Chitosan was the most widely used coating material due to its natural antimicrobial activity and excellent film-forming ability. The incorporation of bioactive compounds such as essential oils, plant extracts, and phenolic compounds was proven to enhance antifungal and antioxidant activities. In addition, nanotechnology-based systems demonstrated better preservation performance compared to conventional systems. However, methodological standardization and industrial-scale validation are still required to support commercial implementation.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease often referred to as a silent killer because it generally does not present noticeable symptoms. Several risk factors contribute to the development of hypertension, including high body mass index (BMI) and low levels of physical activity. However, data regarding the association between BMI, physical activity, and hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index and physical activity with hypertension among adults at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, from November 19 to December 6, 2025. The study population consisted of all adult patients with hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, totaling 2,797 individuals. A sample of 93 respondents was selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using observation sheets through measurements of height and weight to calculate BMI, as well as the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square statistical test. The univariate analysis showed that 27 respondents (29.0%) were classified as severely obese, 42 respondents (45.2%) had a low level of physical activity, and 28 respondents (30.1%) were categorized as having stage 2 hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. The bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure among patients with hypertension (p = 0.000). It is expected that healthcare providers at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center will continue to provide education regarding the importance of controlling body mass index and engaging in regular physical activity, as these factors contribute to increased blood pressure among patients with hypertension.

Sweet orange peel (Citrus x aurantium L.) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamin C with antioxidant and moisturizing potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a body lotion using 15% ethanol extract of sweet orange peel obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, irritation, cycling test, cream type, and DPPH antioxidant activity assessments. The preparation was semisolid, yellow, with a characteristic herbal aroma, homogeneous, pH 8, adhesion time of 4.10 seconds, spreadability of 9.9–11.1 cm, and acceptable viscosity. The preparation caused no skin irritation, remained stable through six cycling test cycles, and formed an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ of 284.6 ppm (weak category) compared to vitamin C as positive control (IC₅₀ 4.2 ppm). It was concluded that ethanol extract of sweet orange peel can be formulated into a stable and safe body lotion, though further optimization is needed to enhance its antioxidant activity.

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common neuropathy caused by compression and tension of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist. The most common symptoms of CTS include pain and paresthesia (tingling) with or without numbness in the me dian nerve area of ​​the wrist. Method: The method used was a case study on a 72-year-old male patient diagnosed with bilateral CTS who experienced pain (NRS 7/10), tingling, numbness, and limitations in hand movement and functional activity. Physiotherapy interventions provided included Ultrasound therapy (US), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), nerve mobilization, and structured exercise therapy in the form of stretching and median nerve gliding. Evaluation was carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) for functional activity. Result: The results showed a significant reduction in pain, with motion pain decreasing from a scale of 7 to 3 and pressure pain from 5 to 1 after three therapy sessions. Furthermore, there was an increase in functional activity, as indicated by a decrease in BCTQ scores, namely the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) from 4 to 2 and the Functional Status Scale (FSS) from 4 to 2. This indicates a gradual improvement from the moderate-severe category to approaching mild. Conclusion: A multimodal physiotherapy approach is effective in reducing pain, reducing paresthesias, and improving hand function in CTS patients. Combining various therapeutic modalities has been shown to be more optimal than single therapies because it can address various pathological aspects simultaneously. Therefore, comprehensive, evidence-based physiotherapy interventions are highly recommended in the conservative management of CTS.

Perimenopause is an important phase in a woman's life characterized by extensive hormonal changes as the ovaries gradually lose their function. During this period, the body experiences significant hormonal fluctuations, particularly a decrease in estrogen and progesterone production, which can cause various physical discomforts such as fatigue. One way to overcome fatigue is through low-impact exercise. This exercise is a light, safe activity that can improve physical fitness and enhance the body's endurance, thereby potentially reducing fatigue levels in perimenopausal women. This study used a descriptive method with a case study approach conducted on two perimenopausal women, Mrs. T and Mrs. N. The results of the nursing care showed that after six sessions of low-impact exercise over two weeks, the fatigue levels of both respondents decreased, as evidenced by their Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) scores. Mrs. S's FAS score decreased from 28 to 23, while Mrs. N's decreased from 30 to 27. The symptoms experienced by Mrs. T decreased on the third day and further decreased on the sixth day. For Mrs. N, symptoms decreased on the third day and further decreased on the fifth day. The results of this study indicate that low-impact exercise is effective as an intervention for fatigue issues in perimenopausal women.

Regular physical activity is known to play an important role in maintaining overall health, including improving immune system function and mental health. Lack of physical activity remains a public health issue, making it important to understand the impact of physical activity on the immune system and mental health. This study aimed to review the effect of regular physical activity on the immune system and mental health using a literature review method. The literature sources were obtained from publications within the last five years using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The articles were then screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in nine relevant articles for analysis. The selection results indicate that regular physical activity can increase the mobilization and activity of immune cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, and also modify the adaptive immune system through changes in T cells and B cells. In addition, physical activity also improves mental health through neurobiological mechanisms such as increased endorphin, dopamine, and serotonin levels, which can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as improve sleep quality and psychological well-being. Therefore, regular physical activity has a positive effect on the immune system and mental health and can be used as a promotive and preventive strategy to maintain overall health.

The increase in the number of elderly residents demands the provision of residential facilities that not only meet physical needs, but also support the psychological and social well-being of their users. This study aims to formulate the concept of behavioral architecture-based nursing home design by focusing on the relationship between elderly activity patterns, privacy levels, and spatial relationships of space in the local context of Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach in the framework of architectural design, with data collection through observation of elderly activities, site analysis, and documentation studies. Activity data was analyzed to identify space needs and usage patterns, then synthesized with site characteristics to formulate the concepts of zoning, circulation, and behavior-based spatial relationships. The results of the study show that the activities of the elderly form a layered behavioral structure, including residential and health activities as primary needs as well as social, productive, and educational activities as support for psychosocial welfare. Hierarchically arranged space zoning based on privacy levels has been proven to improve the readability of the space, sense of security, and comfort of the elderly. The integration of green open spaces as part of the activity system also strengthens support for light physical activity and social interaction. This study confirms that the application of behavioral architecture allows the translation of data on elderly behavior and site conditions into a contextual, humanist, and quality-of-life-oriented design concept. These findings provide practical implications for designers and policymakers in the development of sustainable elderly housing.

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) is a global health problem that significantly contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. The goal of this activity is to educate residents about preventing ARI, so that they have a good understanding of the disease and are able to take preventive measures independently. The program included information on ARI, simple inhalation therapy, and proper waste disposal. Prior to the health promotion on ARI prevention, 70% of residents had poor knowledge about the disease. After the activity, there was a significant increase in knowledge, with 90% of residents demonstrating a good level of understanding. This improvement indicates a positive shift in public awareness regarding ARI prevention. The activity successfully emphasized the importance of prevention efforts for ARI, focusing on promoting Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS). Educating the community about ARI prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of the disease. Regular health promotion activities, particularly those targeting community participation and practical steps for prevention, are vital for enhancing public health and preventing ARI, which remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide. The results highlight the effectiveness of health education in raising awareness and improving knowledge on preventing ARI.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that cannot be completely cured or cannot even be completely cured. The vile shard plant is empirically used by the community to treat diabetes (DM). This study aims to conduct phytochemical screening and test the activity of 96% ethanol extract of kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bl.) as a herbal antidiabetic in male white mice (Mus musculus) with alloxan induction. Method: This research is an experimental laboratory research with a true experimental posttest control design using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment P1 (without treatment) as normal control (N), P2 as positive control (+), P3 as negative control (-), P4 kejibeling leaf extract 250 mg/kg BW, P5 kejibeling leaf extract 500 mg/kg BW. Result:The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. SPSS results show that the data is normally distributed (p>0.05) and homogeneous (p>0.05). The results of the ANOVA on the treatment of giving keji beling leaf extract 250 mg/Kg BW showed a sig. 0.393 (p>0.05) and treatment of 500 mg/Kg BW obtained a sig value. 0.517 (p>0.05). Conclusion:The conclusion from the research results shows that administering doses of 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW of keji beling leaf extract can reduce blood sugar levels in mice. It is hoped that the results of this research will be useful for the community as an antidiabetic therapy using kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bl.).

Bullying is a psychosocial hazard that can occur in the school environment and may negatively affect students’ mental health, social interactions, and learning processes. Bullying can take various forms, including physical, verbal, and psychological actions that occur repeatedly and cause victims to experience emotional distress, decreased learning motivation, and feelings of insecurity at school. This Community Service Program (PKM) aimed to increase high school students’ knowledge and awareness regarding the dangers of bullying and its prevention through the principles of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). The methods used in this activity included delivering educational materials through lectures, conducting question-and-answer sessions to assess students’ initial understanding, and facilitating interactive discussions to encourage active participation. Monitoring and evaluation were also conducted to assess the effectiveness of the activity. The results of the program indicated a significant improvement in students’ understanding and awareness of the forms, impacts, and prevention strategies related to bullying in the school environment. Students also demonstrated a more critical attitude toward bullying behavior and a greater awareness of the importance of creating a safe, healthy, and respectful school environment. The application of an OSH-based approach in bullying prevention is expected to strengthen the safety culture in schools and support the development of a conducive learning environment for all students.

The rapid development of technology in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has driven the education sector to continuously adapt to the evolving demands of digital-based industries. One of the key technological innovations supporting this transformation is the Internet of Things (IoT), which enables data acquisition, real-time monitoring, and remote control of systems through internet networks. In response to these developments, a community service program was conducted to enhance the understanding and technical skills of students at SMK Negeri 1 Sindang through the provision and utilization of an IoT Trainer Kit Simulator as a practical learning medium. This activity aimed to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and industry-relevant technological applications by introducing students to hands-on IoT system implementation. The program included demonstrations and guided practice on the use of sensors, microcontrollers, and web-based monitoring platforms to simulate real-world industrial scenarios. The results indicate that students showed high enthusiasm and active participation throughout the activity. Moreover, participants were able to grasp the fundamental concepts of IoT systems, understand component integration, and recognize the relevance of IoT applications in supporting automation and digital transformation. Overall, this community service activity contributed positively to strengthening students’ digital competencies and preparedness for the demands of the contemporary industrial and technological landscape.

The phenomenon of moral degradation and the increase in negative activities among children during the crucial hours between dusk and evening have become serious challenges for the community in Ujung Negeri Kahan Village. This community service research aims to evaluate and optimize the role of the "Maghrib Mengaji" program as a preventive instrument to shield children from unhealthy environmental influences and gadget dependency. The method employed in this service is participatory mentoring using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, involving religious leaders, parents, and village officials. Through the restructuring of activities in mosques and prayer rooms, this program focuses not only on Qur'anic literacy but also on the cultivation of noble character (akhlakul karimah). The results indicate a significant transformation in behavior; children who previously engaged in counterproductive outdoor activities are now more focused on positive spiritual and social endeavors. The success of the program is indicated by a decrease in the intensity of nighttime wandering and an increase in learning discipline. The conclusion of this activity confirms that community synergy through structured religious programs is effective in reducing the potential for juvenile delinquency and strengthening the moral resilience of the younger generation at the rural level.

This activity was conducted in Timbang Lawan Village, located in Bahorok Sub-district, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The results of surveys and interviews with partners indicate that most residents, especially housewives, carry out activities at home, work as agricultural laborers, and engage in farming. This situation provides significant opportunities to train and educate them through programs aimed at improving economic conditions and financial independence. However, the main inhibiting factors identified are limited access to information, knowledge, and technology, which hinder their creativity in utilizing leisure time productively. The purpose of this community empowerment program is to provide education and socialization to inspire and empower the community in addressing economic problems through training in making dishwashing liquid. After this activity, it is expected that participants can reduce household expenses by no longer needing to purchase dishwashing liquid on a daily basis. Moreover, if opportunities arise, they may also identify business prospects to develop dishwashing liquid production. The expected benefit of this activity is to foster an entrepreneurial spirit among housewives in Timbang Lawan Village.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a fundamental pillar of the Indonesian economy, but their potential is often hampered by the digital divide, especially in rural areas. The Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) initiative is a way for the government to encourage digital transformation and make payments more accessible to everyone. This article aims to document and analyse the process and impact of a community service programme that facilitated the adoption of QRIS among 10 MSMEs in Pematang Tengah Village, Tanjung Pura Sub-district. This activity used the Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) method, which emphasises active collaboration between the service team and MSME partners. The process included participatory planning, collaborative action in the form of intensive training and mentoring, and joint evaluation. The results showed that all 10 MSME partners successfully adopted and used QRIS for daily transactions. The significant benefits included increased transaction efficiency, improved financial record-keeping, and a more modern business image. The main challenges identified were initial doubts about the technology and unstable internet connectivity, which were successfully mitigated through personalised mentoring based on trust. It was concluded that the CBPAR (Community-Based Participatory Action Research) method is a highly effective framework for implementing technological innovation in rural MSME communities because it not only addresses technical skill gaps but also builds crucial social capital such as trust and digital confidence.

Plastic waste management in rural areas, particularly in tourism villages, remains an environmental challenge that requires sustainable solutions. Negeri Tongging Village, as a tourism area around Lake Toba, has experienced an increase in household plastic waste that has not been managed optimally, potentially affecting environmental quality and community well-being. This community service activity aimed to enhance community awareness and capacity in plastic waste management through the implementation of a circular economy approach based on a waste exchange program and ecobrick production. A participatory approach was employed by actively involving the community in all stages of the activity, including socialization, program implementation, and evaluation. The program was carried out during the 2025 Community Service Program of Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, consisting of circular economy socialization, collection of plastic waste through an exchange scheme with basic necessities, training on ecobrick production, and the provision of supporting facilities for environmental cleanliness. The results indicate an increase in community participation and environmental awareness, a reduction in improperly disposed plastic waste, and an improvement in community skills in processing plastic waste into useful products. In addition, the activity strengthened mutual cooperation and environmental responsibility among community members. In conclusion, the application of a circular economy approach through ecobrick-based activities can serve as an effective alternative solution for plastic waste management while simultaneously supporting sustainable community empowerment in rural tourism areas.