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Malay culture that developed in the Nusantara provides an intellectual heritage in the form of ancient texts, one of which text of Undang Undang Adat (UUA). The UUA text is a text containing Minangkabau customary law. This text was written in 1858 by Datuk Raja Bandara using Arabic-Malay script. The aim of this research is to reveal Minangkabau customary law institutions in the UUA Text. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained from the text will be analyzed and explained systematically. Based on reviewing the contents of the text, this research produces findings of customary legal institutions which include (1) cupak nan duo, namely cupak usali and cupak artificial, (2) four laws, namely the nagari law, law in nagari, law -luhak law, and nan twenty laws, (3) kato nan ampek namely kato pusako, kato mufakat, kato kudian bacari, kato dulu batapati, (4) judge's debt or obligation of the judge, and (5) sanctions for violations custom.        

This research explores the effectiveness of spiritual guidance, especially the Islamic approach, in dealing with juvenile delinquency. The adolescent phase, as an important transition period, tends to be marked by significant physical and mental changes. Uncontrolled juvenile delinquency can be detrimental to individuals and society. Research emphasizes the application of spiritual guidance to early adolescents and pre-adolescents to prevent deviant behavior. Spiritual guidance, as a process of providing direction and advice with religious values, has a crucial role in forming positive character. Findings from previous research show that spiritual guidance, including Islamic counseling, vent sessions, and religious activities, is effective in reducing levels of juvenile delinquency. Teenagers who receive spiritual guidance tend to have a positive mindset, use their time well, and have a better religious understanding. Although the study makes important contributions, resource limitations, methodological variations in previous studies, and the lack of long-term studies need to be addressed. Therefore, future research must overcome these limitations to provide deeper insight into the role of spiritual guidance in dealing with juvenile delinquency.    

: The condition of Indonesian education which until now has not yet found its identity. Curriculum changes have continued to be made until now we have arrived at the independent learning curriculum. Various problems even began to be felt. This research is based on the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum and the 2013 curriculum for teachers at Kunciran 2 Elementary School, what problems teachers face and how to overcome them. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, and data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of data analysis showed that teachers' problems in implementing the Merdeka curriculum and curriculum13 lie in the planning of learning implementation, planning and assessment of learning. The aim of this research is to find out the problems found in textbooks at Kunciran 2 Elementary School. So that we can find out what problems occur and the need for evaluation.    

The 2013 curriculum focuses on developing students' knowledge, understanding, abilities, values, attitudes and interests, with the aim of enabling them to apply this knowledge in a practical way. At the same time, it encourages independent learning based on each student's abilities, while providing opportunities for the development of character and important skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature study review. This research aims to determine the differences between the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum in various aspects, including characteristics, objectives, competencies, assessment methods and roles. The findings of this research can help the government choose a more effective curriculum for students, thereby optimizing the learning process for their future. Based on the research we conducted, we have drawn conclusions and provided recommendations to the government, emphasizing the need for well-developed policies, thorough outreach, and comprehensive teacher training before implementing curriculum changes. In the end, it is the teacher who will be directly involved with students in the learning process.    

This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach by utilizing observation, interviews and documentation analysis to determine the difficulties faced by teachers in implementing thematic learning. Research participants included the principal and class VI teachers at SD Negeri Peninggilan 5. The research findings revealed several main difficulties faced by teachers. First, at the planning stage, teachers have difficulty integrating lesson material into classroom learning steps when preparing lesson plans. Second, during implementation, teachers consider thematic learning to be time consuming because it covers many subjects and remains teacher-centered. Finally, in terms of evaluation, teachers experience difficulties in assessing students' affective mood due to individual differences, as well as facing challenges in completing subject-specific student learning outcomes reports. Efforts to overcome these difficulties so that thematic learning can be useful in improving the overall quality of teaching for other teachers.    

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Pati Ea Culture of the Lewuk Tribe in Natarita Hamlet and the Socio-Economic Conditions After the Pati Ea Ceremony in Natarita Hamlet, Darat Gunung Village, Talibura District. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The research subjects were the Lewuk Tribe Traditional Leaders, community leaders who had organized pati ea events and community leaders in Natarita Hamlet who were actively involved in pati ea events. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in the form of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that pati ea is a traditional ritual performed to honor the spirits who have died and ask for abundant yields in wulan lelen (rainy season) and to give thanks for the harvest in wulan daran (summer). Kula babong (deliberation), Teme Pelang ( soaking rice), Leron pati ( slaughtering animals) and Ekak ( feeding the ancestors). The Socio-Economic Condition of the Dusun Natarita community after the Pati Ea ceremony experienced a decline due to the community's non-compliance with adat.

This research aims to find and describe bound morphemes contained Indonesian Folklore from 34 Provinces. This research uses Morphological theory. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with Content Analysis techniques. The results of this research are: (1) There are 233 prefixes in Folklore of the Archipelago from 34 Provinces consisting of 6 prefixes (2.6%), 10 prefixes (4.3%), prefixes in- as many as 20 findings (8.6%), Prefix Men- as many as 44 findings (18.9%), Prefix me- as many as 48 findings (20.6%), Prefix me0n- as many as 60 findings (25.7%), prefix mem- as many as 40 findings (17.1%), prefix se- many as 5 findings (2.1%). There are 200 suffixes in Indonesian Folklore, the suffix -an totaling 50 findings (25%), the suffix -kan 100 findings (50%), and the suffix  -nya 50 findings (25%).

This research aims to conduct a literary psychological study of the novel entitled Hai, Luka by Mezty Mez. This novel was written by a famous author who describes the complexity of the emotions and psychological conditions of the main character. This research explores the psychological elements contained in the novel and analyzes their influence on the character development of the main character. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results of the research show that the classification of emotions in Dante's character is in the form of guilt, buried guilt, self-punishment, shame, sadness, hatred and love. In this case, the novel Hai, Luka provides a deeper understanding of the complexity of the characters and psychological conditions depicted through literary works. This research contributes to the field of literary psychology studies by revealing how authors use psychological elements to shape characters and stimulate emotional responses in readers

This research analyzes one case of defamation committed by a Media Zein celebrity on social media. Medina Zein was charged with article 27 paragraph (3) of Republic of Indonesia Law number 19 of 2016 concerning ITE. Defamation is one of the problems in forensic linguistics that often occurs in the real world and cyberspace. Defamation or defamation can be done verbally and in writing. The aim is to bring down someone’s good name and/or embarrass others. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. This research contains a general, clear picture and is based on facts that occur in the field regarding what is being researched. This research uses data analysis in which there is an explanation of the perpetrator and the crime he committed. The results of this research stated that sister Medina Zein was found guilty and sentenced on charges of defamation with a sentence of 6 months in prison.

This research aims to increase students' active critical thinking in Civics Learning by implementing the Discovery Learning Learning Model. The subjects in this research were class X DKV students at SMKN 2 Maros with a total of 34 students, consisting of 21 male students and 13 female students. The research method used in this research is Kemmis and Mc Taggart using a classroom action research design consisting of two cycles. In this research, it is a multiple choice test which is carried out at the end of the cycle. The results of this research show that student learning outcomes in cycle I obtained an average score of 60 and an average percentage score of 60%, while classical completeness was 60% in the sufficient category and continued in the next cycle in the second cycle actions obtained an average of 83 .0, the average percentage score of 83.0% with classical completeness of 90% is in the very good category. The results of the data in cycle II activities have met the KKM which has been determined by student learning outcomes in PPKn learning obtained in cycle I and cycle II, showing that there has been an average increase of 30%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning learning model can increase active critical thinking in PPKn learning for class X DKV students at SMKN 2 Maros for the 2023/2024 academic year.    

An abstranct is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any-depth analysis of a particular subject or disipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper purposes. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript orEngaging in communication within the realm of teaching and learning is fundamentally a social activity. It becomes particularly crucial for educators when guiding visually impaired students, necessitating the utilization of a variety of learning strategies that extend beyond the confines of sight within the classroom. To effectively achieve educational goals, teachers employ a myriad of methods to convey instructional materials. This research endeavors to scrutinize the communication strategies implemented by teachers while educating visually impaired children, delving into the intricate communication dynamics between educators and students. The study delves into the exploration of multimodal learning techniques employed by teachers to impart educational messages within the classroom setting. The results elucidate distinct phases within the learning strategies embraced by teachers, ranging from the cultivation of personal and intimate connections to the meticulous selection of teaching materials. The study sheds light on the application of multi-modal learning, encompassing auditory-kinesthetic, kinesthetic-visual, and audio-visual styles. Additionally, the research delineates stages pertaining to learning outcomes and the responses of teachers to their students.    

The present study was conducted during school closure during the pandemic period, from 2020 to 2022. This study aims to explore teachers’ responses to the difficulties in using the online platform, and how teachers cope with the challenges in running online classes. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, and document analysis. The study participants were seven junior high school teachers in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara. They had mixed work experiences. The results of the study showed that teachers responded differently to the demand for teaching using an online platform. Most teachers conducted online classes on a pro forma basis in order to comply with government policies. They viewed themselves unprepared to participate in online classes. The study also found teachers’ difficulties in teaching online classes due to students’ lack of adequate knowledge, skills and motivation in utilizing the online platforms provided by their schools. The study concludes that there is a need for comprehensive training and support for teachers to effectively adapt to online teaching methods. Additionally, it suggests that schools should invest in improving students' digital literacy skills to enhance their engagement and success in online learning environments.    

In the era of globalization, the views of Indonesian people towards the rise of the LGBT phenomenon have become complex, considering that Indonesia is thick with religious and cultural values. Although the country adheres to human rights principles, an understanding of religious norms is often a filter for views on sexual diversity. Especially among the younger generation, there is significant disagreement on whether the rise of LGBT is in accordance with the ideals of Pancasila as the basis of the state. On the one hand, there are groups that support LGBT rights as a form of respect for human rights, while on the other hand, there are concerns that this phenomenon is not in line with the values of Pancasila which emphasizes unity and unity in diversity. Further research needs to be done to understand more deeply how the views of Indonesian people, especially the younger generation, towards the LGBT phenomenon in the context of the globalization era.  The purpose of this study is to examine more deeply and describe the community's views on the current rise of LGBT which can trigger the destruction of the morals of the Indonesian nation. The theory used in this study is the theory of people's views through observations by interviewing several communities and conducting online surveys.  

This research aims to shape the disciplinary character of students in elementary schools through music theory material with sub-materials of values ​​and forms of notation. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques of observation, questionnaires and interviews. The research was conducted in 7 (seven) meetings, the results of the research showed that there was a change in the theoretical understanding category with a percentage of 97.8%, and statements of disciplinary attitudes increased with a percentage of 95%. Disciplinary character is assessed based on the student's ability to sing the song Pada Mu Negeri according to the tempo, beats, and other punctuation marks contained in the score. The results showed that students were able to sing the song according to the punctuation marks in the sheet music.    

This research aims to: (1) describe further the meaning contained in the poem A Pair of Bodies by Bode Riswandi. (2) classify and explain lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, referential meaning and non-referential meaning in the poem A Sepaair Bode by Bode Riswandi. This research method uses qualitative research methods with descriptive characteristics. The analysis results obtained in this research contain lexical, grammatical, referential and non-referential meaning. Semantic studies prove that we are able to reason about the words contained in the poem A Pair of Bodies by Bode Riswandi, from the most basic through vocabulary analysis to deducing the meaning of each line of the poem. The poem A Pair of Bodies by Bode Riswandi tells the story of someone who loses their identity after having difficulty going through life without someone to help them, but no matter how much hatred they have for themselves, humans can only rely on themselves to survive.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze language errors in food advertisements on Instagram, particularly those related to phonological and morphological errors. The study was conducted by collecting samples of food advertisements on Instagram using a descriptive qualitative method. The data used in this study were words and phrases from Instagram food advertisements that had phonological or morphological errors. Data were collected through the observation and note-taking technique. The results of the study showed that there were phonological and morphological errors in the language. The most common error was the use of italics in foreign languages. The results of this study are expected to be used as one example of a language error case, particularly in the field of phonology and morphology.

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of the independent curriculum by using the role play learning method assisted by image media and a projector in class II UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. This research is Classroom Action Research, the subjects of this research are class 2, totaling 32 students consisting of 20 boys and 12 girls. This research was carried out for 3 weeks. The implementation of this action was carried out in 2 cycles, the first cycle consisting of 3 meetings and the second cycle consisting of 3 meetings. This research was carried out in the Teaching Profession Strengthening (P2K) activities which started on September 4 - October 14 in the 2023/2024 academic year. The results of the research show that during the learning process there is a change in students' attitudes during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations, namely the implementation of the Role Play type cooperative learning model assisted by picture media and projectors can increase students' self-confidence in asking both the teacher and their friends about the material. that are not understood and can improve student attendance. So, Role Play cooperative learning assisted by image media in thematic learning is suitable for use in this class. This can be seen from the increase in learning outcomes for class II students at UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan after the Role Play type of cooperative learning was held with the help of image media and a projector.  

The development of the times is so fast that the role of education becomes very important in helping students to have a high skilled side.  The use of project-based learning models is one way to help students think creatively. This learning model is often called project-based learning which is included in the independent curriculum. The project-based learning model is designed to facilitate the development of students' creativity skills through the application of real projects that are relevant to the learning material.  This research uses a qualitative method based on literature study. The data contained in this study comes from previous studies that have been documented in the form of journals and books.  The results showed that the application of project-based learning model was significantly able to improve students' creative thinking ability. Students showed improvement in the ability to formulate new ideas, solve complex problems, and collaborate effectively. In addition, they developed positive attitudes towards learning, increased motivation, and experienced improvements in the understanding of learning concepts. This research contributes to understanding the use of project-based learning model, as an effective strategy to enhance students' creativity in educational contexts. The application of the findings in this study can help educators and policy makers    

This research seeks to find out how social criticism is in cyber literature, the Whynesia monologue on the Tretan Universe YouTube channel. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data used are three cyber videos of Whynesia monologue literature on the Tretan Universe YouTube channel. This research data was collected using the listening and note-taking method. The results of the research show that Whynesia's cyber literary monologue on the Tretan Universe YouTube channel has deep social criticism regarding the phenomena currently occurring. Through the flow of the monologue delivered, the narrator presents a discourse of social criticism regarding social problems that occur in Indonesia. This monologue presents the importance of social criticism which acts as a tool to maintain societal stability. Strong and courageous monologues in conveying criticism, stimulate thinking about the importance of creating stable conditions in society, where people must express their voice or social criticism regarding problems in the environment. The implication of the findings is the importance of social criticism to maintain the stability of society and the importance of new media such as research objects to revive literary works as a medium for social criticism. Therefore, society must fight so that existing inequalities or problems can be voiced to create stability and regeneration of literary works as a medium used in society.

This research aims to (1) describe the types of meaning that exist in naming waterfall tourist objects and (2) describe the factors behind naming waterfall tourist objects. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique in this research uses literature study. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative data analysis technique. Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies meaning. One of the objects of semantic study is names. Humans can give names to animals, objects, food, and even places to use as identity. Each region has local wisdom that characterizes it, one of which is tourism. Tasikmalaya is famous for its many tourist destinations, one of which is the natural waterfall tourist attraction. The results of this research show that the name of the waterfall tourist attraction in Tasikmalaya has several types of meaning, including lexical meaning, referential meaning, denotative meaning and conceptual meaning. Apart from that, there are several factors behind the naming of waterfall tourist attractions in Tasikmalaya, including the similarity factor, the place of origin factor, the distinctive characteristic factor, and the new naming factor.