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Low Birth Weight (LBW) refers to infants born with a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams and remains an important issue in neonatal health due to its association with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. To analyze the determinants of LBW based on primary studies published from 2021 to 2026. A literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach. Article searches were performed through PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest using the keywords low birth weight, determinant factors, risk factors, BBLR, and faktor risiko with Boolean operators AND/OR. The inclusion criteria were primary studies, full-text availability, publication in Indonesian or English, and publication years from 2021 to 2026. A total of 20 articles were included, consisting of 15 international articles and 5 national sources. The review showed that LBW is influenced by interrelated maternal, nutritional, obstetric, and sociodemographic factors during pregnancy. The most dominant factors included multiple pregnancy with an adjusted OR of 21.74, maternal food insecurity with an AOR of 6.85, maternal hemoglobin level <11 g/dL with an AOR of 5.21, lack of iron-folic acid supplementation with an AOR of 4.17, maternal age ≤20 years with an AOR of 3.42, pregnancy interval <1 year with an adjusted OR of 2.92, missed antenatal care visits with an AOR of 2.74, smoking during pregnancy with an OR of 2.18, and maternal hypertension with an AOR of 1.94. LBW is influenced by multiple interrelated factors; therefore, efforts to reduce its incidence should focus on evidence-based interventions, particularly through optimizing antenatal care services, improving maternal nutritional status, and early detection of pregnancy.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease often referred to as a silent killer because it generally does not present noticeable symptoms. Several risk factors contribute to the development of hypertension, including high body mass index (BMI) and low levels of physical activity. However, data regarding the association between BMI, physical activity, and hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index and physical activity with hypertension among adults at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, from November 19 to December 6, 2025. The study population consisted of all adult patients with hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, totaling 2,797 individuals. A sample of 93 respondents was selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using observation sheets through measurements of height and weight to calculate BMI, as well as the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square statistical test. The univariate analysis showed that 27 respondents (29.0%) were classified as severely obese, 42 respondents (45.2%) had a low level of physical activity, and 28 respondents (30.1%) were categorized as having stage 2 hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. The bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure among patients with hypertension (p = 0.000). It is expected that healthcare providers at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center will continue to provide education regarding the importance of controlling body mass index and engaging in regular physical activity, as these factors contribute to increased blood pressure among patients with hypertension.

Low levels of maternal knowledge and appropriate nutritional practices, combined with limited continuity of nutrition education from health workers, remain significant risk factors for maternal and child health problems, including stunting. The GEMPITA Program (Gerakan Edukasi MPASI Tepat dan Aman / Safe and Appropriate Complementary Feeding Education Movement) was implemented as a community service initiative to improve nutritional knowledge, skills, and practices among families in the working area of Teratak Public Health Center. The program employed structured methods, including socialization, education, training, demonstrations, mentoring, and non-formal monitoring and evaluation. The target participants were mothers with children aged 6–24 months, as well as health workers and community health cadres. Program effectiveness was assessed using pretest posttest measurements and direct observation of behavioral changes. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in maternal knowledge regarding appropriate complementary feeding, enhanced skills in age-appropriate food preparation, and improved hygienic and nutritious feeding practices. In addition, the capacity of health workers to deliver nutrition education was strengthened. Overall, the GEMPITA Program proved effective in improving family nutrition practices and reinforcing the role of the public health center in stunting prevention through a sustainable community empowerment approach.

Stroke is one of the non-communicable diseases that is the leading cause of disability and death in the world. Clinical factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), and unhealthy lifestyle are known to contribute to the incidence of stroke. Oe-Cusse Referral Hospital serves as the main referral center in the treatment of stroke cases, but data on contributing clinical factors and medical treatment and rehabilitation strategies are still limited. This study aims to analyze the clinical factors that contribute to the incidence of stroke and describe medical treatment and rehabilitation strategies in stroke patients at Oe-Cusse Referral Hospital.This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional observational design. The research sample amounted to 50 stroke patients who were treated in the January-November 2025 period, selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through medical records and questionnaires related to medical treatment and rehabilitation. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS program, including descriptive analysis and logistic regression to see the relationship between clinical factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lifestyle, BMI, and other factors) and stroke incidence. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the average age of stroke patients was 56.2 ± 9.8 years, with an age range of 39–78 years. The average BMI of the patient was 27.5 ± 3.1 kg/m² which indicates a tendency to be overweight. The average systolic blood pressure of the patient was 150 ± 18 mmHg, indicating the predominance of hypertension in stroke patients. The average length of rehabilitation lasted 6.3 ± 1.8 weeks. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between clinical factors, especially hypertension, BMI, and diabetes mellitus, and stroke incidence. Clinical factors such as hypertension, high BMI, and diabetes mellitus contribute significantly to the incidence of stroke at Oe-Cusse Referral Hospital.

Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are closely related non-communicable diseases and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in older adults. These conditions are influenced by medical, behavioral, family, and environmental factors, requiring a holistic family medicine approach through home visits. This study aimed to describe the clinical condition, family function, and environmental factors of a 60-year-old female patient with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia using the APGAR and SCREEM approaches. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design in the form of a case report involving Mrs. S (60 years old) in Lebbek Village, Pamekasan Regency. Data were collected through anamnesis, physical examination, total cholesterol measurement using a GCU meter, environmental observation, and assessment of family function and environmental factors. The results showed blood pressure values of 161/96 mmHg and 160/96 mmHg on repeated measurement, with a total cholesterol level of 154 mg/dL. The patient had a high-salt and high-fat diet with low physical activity. APGAR assessment indicated poor family function with a total score of 4, particularly in the partnership and resolve domains, while the growth domain was categorized as accepting. SCREEM analysis identified education as the main barrier. In conclusion, management of this condition requires family-based interventions focusing on improving family cooperation and health education tailored to the patient’s literacy level.

Congenital Megacalyces is a rare anomaly of the renal pelvis-calyceal system characterized by non-obstructive calyx dilatation due to renal medulla hypoplasia. This condition is often misinterpreted as hydronephrosis, leading to unnecessary surgical interventions. Advances in genomic technology and precision imaging have opened up opportunities to understand the molecular basis and anatomical structure of this anomaly more deeply. A literature review was conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering publications that discuss the relationship between genomics, imaging, and clinical management of congenital kidney abnormalities. The integration of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), 3D MRI reconstruction imaging, and AI-based radiomics analysis has proven to enhance diagnostic accuracy, differentiate between obstructive and non-obstructive abnormalities, and assist in determining appropriate conservative therapies. Case studies demonstrate the association between SETBP1 mutations and the development of bilateral megacalyces, as well as the effectiveness of long-term monitoring based on multimodal data. The integration of genetic, imaging, and clinical data is a strategic step toward precision medicine in the management of Congenital Megacalyces. This approach improves diagnostic accuracy, reduces unnecessary invasive interventions, and supports individualized therapy based on genetic and anatomical risk factors.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints globally and is the main cause of decreased work productivity. One of the risk factors that has been widely studied in the literature is prolonged sitting duration. Prolonged sitting activities cause increased static pressure on the lumbar spine, fatigue of the supporting muscles, as well as a decrease in local blood flow that can trigger chronic pain. This study is a literature review with a meta-analytical approach that aims to analyze the relationship between long-term sitting and the incidence of LBP. The review process was carried out following PRISMA guidelines through searches on PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for publication in 2020–2025. Of the 20 previous studies analyzed, most showed a positive association between sitting time and an increased risk of LBP, both in adults, adolescents, and children. Sitting for more than 6 hours per day increases the risk of LBP by 33%, especially in individuals with low physical activity. In addition, longer sitting durations with poor posture and minimal active rest were found in the group of office workers and professional drivers who had a high prevalence of LBP. Physical activity has been shown to play a protective role against the risk of LBP, while ergonomic interventions such as lumbar support can reduce pain complaints. Although most studies were observational, the consistency of results supports the importance of prevention through reduced sitting time, increased physical activity, and ergonomic work environment settings. These findings provide a scientific basis for multidimensional interventions to effectively reduce the incidence of LBP.  

A high-fat diet can cause hyperlipidemia, which is one of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. Papaya flowers (Carica papaya L.) contain antioxidants that have the potential to inhibit the development of atherosclerotic lesions. This study aims to determine the effect of papaya flower extract on the histopathological features of the aorta of Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet. The study design is a posttest only-trial group design. The study sample consisted of 25 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups with treatment for 21 days. Group A received no treatment. Group B was given high-fat diet consisting of 3 mL of pork fat and 2 g of duck egg yolk. Group C was given high-fat diet and simvastatin 0.18 mg/200 gBW. Groups D and E were given high-fat diet and papaya flower extract 125 mg/kgBW and 250 mg/kgBW, respectively. The parameter used is the histopathological description of the aorta in the form of foam cell formation. The results showed that there were few foam cell in group A. Group B had many foam cells in the tunica intima and media of aorta. Group C, D and E showed a reduction in the number of foam cells. The administration of papaya flower extract (Carica papaya L.) was effective in inhibiting foam cell formation in the aorta of Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet, with a better effect seen at a dose of 250 mg/kgBW, which was almost comparable to simvastatin.

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) represent a global public health challenge. The increasing number of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) cases is a serious concern worldwide. A lack of education or minimal knowledge, along with risky behavior, contributes significantly to the high STI rates, particularly among the young age group. Purposes: The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the major types of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)—namely Gonorrhea, Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, Syphilis, and HPV—by identifying their risk factors and determining the most effective prevention strategies. Method:The researchers employed a literature review method. The data search process was conducted systematically on Google Scholar, limiting sources only to articles available in full text and having open access. Results: The literature review concludes that the factors of knowledge, attitude, behavior, and age significantly influence an individual's risk of contracting Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Therefore, prevention efforts must be carried out comprehensively, encompassing promotive (awareness enhancement), preventive (prevention), curative (treatment), and rehabilitative (recovery) activities. Practically, this prevention must include sexual health education, adoption of safe sexual behavior, implementation of routine health checks (screening), and vaccination (specifically for Hepatitis B and HPV). Conclusion: Overall, controlling the spread of STIs requires active and collaborative roles from all parties—including the government, health workers, and the community. The main key to suppressing the spread and burden of STI diseases in the community is through improving appropriate sexual health education, improving access to health services, and periodic health screening.  

Myopia is a multifactorial disease, affected by various hereditary and environmental conditions. This literature review aims to evaluate the association between risk factors in incidence of myopia in children aged 6 to 12 years old. A cross-sectional study of elementary students in MI Patihan Kidul, Ponorogo, East Java was performed. Eligible samples were 6 to 12 years old students. Examination was performed on September 7th 2023. The students underwent short history taking, body mass index (BMI), and visual acuity examination. Age, sex, BMI, family history of myopia, sleeping time, screen time, and duration of outdoor activity were examined as risk factors. A total of 336 children met the inclusion criteria, of which 48 (14.2%) of them had myopia. Family history of myopia was proven to increase the risk for myopia on their children (p value 0.012, OR 0.436).  Heredity is a well-established risk factor for myopia. This literature review provides evidence on the positive correlation between family history and the occurrence of myopia in children. 

The increasing proportion of the elderly population in Indonesia has led to a rise in degenerative health problems, one of which is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, increasing the risk of fractures, particularly among elderly women. Low calcium intake, lack of physical activity, and limited knowledge regarding osteoporosis prevention are major contributing factors. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge of Aisyiyah women in Cirebon Regency regarding osteoporosis in the elderly, including its definition, risk factors, impacts, and prevention strategies through proper nutrition and regular physical activity. The activity was conducted from October to December at the Aisyiyah Study Hall in Cirebon Regency, targeting pre-elderly and elderly women. The methods used included health education through lectures and interactive question-and-answer sessions, supported by laptops, LCD projectors, and PowerPoint presentations. Evaluation of participants’ knowledge was carried out using oral pre-tests and post-tests related to the delivered material. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of osteoporosis, the importance of adequate calcium intake, and the role of physical activity in maintaining bone health. This community service program is expected to contribute to increasing health awareness and reducing the risk and prevalence of osteoporosis among the elderly.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern that frequently remains undiagnosed until advanced stages. Early detection through simple laboratory screening is essential to prevent disease progression and associated cardiometabolic complications. This community service program aimed to assess kidney function using serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while increasing public awareness regarding CKD prevention. A total of 59 participants were included, with a mean age of 39.15 ± 15.39 years (range 16–75 years), predominantly female (74.58%). The mean serum creatinine level was 1.0 ± 0.19 mg/dL, and the mean eGFR was 91.08 ± 20.53 mL/min/1.73 m². Most participants demonstrated normal kidney function (28.8%) or mild decline (21.6%). A progressive reduction in eGFR with increasing age was observed, reflecting the physiological decline in nephron mass and renal perfusion. The program also provided education on kidney-protective practices, including optimal blood pressure control, diabetes management, adequate hydration, and avoidance of nephrotoxic agents. This intervention improved participants’ understanding of CKD risk factors and the importance of regular screening. In conclusion, serum creatinine and eGFR evaluation offer simple, accurate, and practical tools for early CKD detection, supporting promotive–preventive strategies to slow disease progression and enhance quality of life in at-risk populations.

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors that can cause damage to target organs, including the eyes. One of the complications that often occur in hypertensive patients is hypertensive retinopathy, which is damage to retinal blood vessels due to a persistent increase in blood pressure. This damage can be progressive and asymptomatic in the early stages, so it often goes undetected until severe visual disturbances appear. This study aims to identify and analyze the role of blood pressure control in the prevention of ocular complications in hypertensive patients through a literature review. The method used is literature review by selecting national and international research articles published in 2021–2025 from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. Inclusion criteria include full-text articles, relevant research designs, and discussing the relationship between blood pressure control and ocular complications. The results of the study showed that uncontrolled blood pressure increased the risk of retinal damage, decreased ocular perfusion, and microvascular changes detected through funduscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) examinations. Some studies have concluded that stable blood pressure control, not just the average value of blood pressure, has a significant effect in preventing the progression of hypertensive retinopathy. In addition, regular eye exams have been proven to be able to detect retinal changes early, so that preventive interventions can be carried out in a timely manner. Thus, optimal blood pressure control, therapy adherence, healthy lifestyle education, and regular retinal examinations are effective strategies in preventing ocular complications and maintaining vision quality in hypertensive patients.

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood pumped by the heart against the walls of the arteries. Abnormalities in blood pressure can take the form of high blood pressure or hypertension and low blood pressure or hypotension. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and sufferers often do not show any symptoms. This community service activity aimed to examine the results of blood pressure measurements among inmates at the Class IIB Detention Center in Masohi City. This study used a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach. There were 95 inmates who participated in this activity. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods to describe the blood pressure measurement results based on demographic data such as age, gender, education level, occupation, height, and weight. The results showed that most respondents were in the 20-30 age range (44.2%) and male (91.6%). The level of education shows that most respondents only completed high school (54.7%) and the majority worked as farmers (30.5%). Anthropometric characteristics in terms of height show that most respondents were between 140-160 cm (47.4%) and weighed between 51-60 kg (43.2%). The distribution of blood pressure shows that most respondents are in the pre-hypertension (40%), normal (29.5%), grade 1 hypertension (17.9%), and grade 2 hypertension (10.5%). Therefore, routine blood pressure checks need to be carried out so that inmates in detention centers can avoid hypertension, which can be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Despite various preventive measures, preeclampsia is still frequently found at the primary health care level. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women at the Tiley Care Community Health Center. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all pregnant women who visited antenatal care at the Tiley Care Community Health Center, with a sample of 60 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a review of medical records and KIA books, then analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that maternal age, history of hypertension, nutritional status based on body mass index, and adherence to antenatal care visits had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of preeclampsia. Meanwhile, parity did not show a significant relationship with the incidence of preeclampsia. This study concluded that the incidence of preeclampsia is influenced by various maternal factors and maternal health behaviors during pregnancy. These findings underscore the importance of implementing risk-based antenatal care through early screening, ongoing monitoring, and increased adherence to antenatal care visits as a preventative measure for preeclampsia at the primary healthcare level.

Background: Early marriage remains prevalent among adolescents aged 15–19 years, a period during which individuals are often medically and psychologically unprepared to assume marital responsibilities. Decisions to marry early are influenced by internal factors such as psychological readiness, emotional maturity, and critical thinking ability, as well as external factors including family pressure, cultural norms, and economic challenges. Objective: This study aims to explore the factors influencing adolescents' decisions to engage in early marriage and examine its impacts on their lives. Method: This research employed a qualitative descriptive design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 adolescents who had experienced early marriage. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and document review, and analyzed thematically. Results: The primary factors contributing to early marriage in Delu Depa Village, Kodi Bangedo District, were premarital pregnancy (2 cases), economic hardship (4 cases), and limited educational attainment (4 cases). The consequences included psychological, health, and social impacts. Psychologically, participants reported experiencing stress, anxiety, and depression. Health-related risks included complications associated with immature reproductive organs, such as premature birth, obstructed labor, and preeclampsia. Social impacts included stigma, limited social interaction, school dropout, and employment in low-skilled jobs to fulfill daily needs. Conclusion: Early marriage poses significant risks to adolescents' psychological well-being, physical health, and social functioning. Strengthened preventive efforts and targeted interventions are needed to reduce its prevalence and mitigate negative consequences.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a prevalent health issue among clinical medical students, with global studies reporting incidence rates of 73% in India and 81.9% in Saudi Arabia. Pain is most frequently reported in the neck, lower back, and shoulder areas. However, similar data from Indonesia, particularly Papua, remains limited. This study aims to identify the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs among clinical medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Cenderawasih University. The research employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 78 clinical students selected through purposive sampling. Data collection utilized the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to measure prevalence and the Nordic Body Map to localize pain. Data analysis used Chi-Square test to evaluate the relationship between risk factors (such as Body Mass Index/BMI and physical activity) and musculoskeletal complaints. Results showed the majority of respondents were female (74.4%) and aged ≥25 years (51.3%). Most respondents experienced pain at the "moderate pain" level (57.7%), with the most frequently reported pain areas being the back, waist, calves, knees, shoulders, and wrists. There was a statistically significant relationship between BMI and pain complaints (p=0.035), but no significant relationship was found between physical exercise and musculoskeletal complaints (p=0.129). This study concludes that BMI is a risk factor for MSDs in the studied population. Evidence-based recommendations are needed to reduce MSD risk and improve students' quality of life during clinical education.

Hypertension is a "silent disease" with a high prevalence that can be triggered by modifiable risk factors such as stress and smoking. Sei Langkai Community Health Center shows the highest hypertension service rate (20.12%) in Batam City with Sei Langkai Village having 50% of hypertension sufferers from the health center's working area. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between stress and smoking with the incidence of hypertension in Sei Langkai Village, the Working Area of ​​UPTD Sei Langkai Community Health Center, Batam City. This research method is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The accessible population is residents aged >17 years in RW 17 RT 05 Sei Langkai Village (334 people). A sample of 75 respondents was selected using a cluster random sampling technique. Data collection used the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire to measure stress and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to measure smoking dependence, as well as blood pressure observations. Data analysis used the chi-square test and Spearman correlation. The results showed a significant association between stress and hypertension (p=0.001; PR=5.688; 95% CI: 2.200-14.705). Of the 47 respondents experiencing stress, 87.2% had hypertension. There was a significant association between smoking and hypertension (p<0.001; r=0.585). Of the 28 respondents with heavy smoking habits, 96.4% had hypertension. The study concluded that stress and smoking are significantly associated with hypertension. Respondents with stress had a 5.688-fold higher risk of developing hypertension. The more severe the smoking habits, the higher the risk of hypertension.

Obesity among college students is a public health issue that is gaining increasing attention because it is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart disease, and can reduce quality of life and academic productivity. College students, as a group of early adults, are in a transition phase towards independence and are therefore vulnerable to lifestyle changes, including unhealthy eating patterns, fast food consumption, low physical activity due to busy studies, irregular sleep habits, and high academic stress. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with obesity among students at the Islamic University of Ogan Komering Ilir in 2025. This study used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. A sample of 95 students was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and body mass index (BMI) measurement to determine respondents' nutritional status. Independent variables included diet, physical activity, sleep quality, stress levels, and a family history of obesity. The results showed a prevalence of obesity of 17.9%. Bivariate analysis found a significant association between obesity and unhealthy diet (p=0.002), low physical activity (p=0.000), poor sleep quality (p=0.000), and high stress levels (p=0.001). Meanwhile, a family history of obesity showed a tendency to have an effect but was not statistically significant. These findings indicate that obesity in college students is largely influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of health promotion interventions on campus, such as balanced nutrition counseling, increased access to sports facilities, stress management, and education on healthy sleep patterns. Promotive and preventive efforts undertaken from a young age are expected to reduce the risk of obesity and chronic disease in the future.

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of death among women, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. This disease is largely preventable through early detection efforts; however, low levels of knowledge and awareness among women of reproductive age often hinder them from undergoing routine screening. Limited information leads to most new cases being diagnosed at advanced stages, thereby lowering treatment success rates and increasing the public health burden. This study aimed to analyze the differences in knowledge among mothers at Yayasan Harapan Anak Indonesia, North Jakarta, regarding early detection of cervical cancer before and after receiving health education using leaflets. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 40 reproductive-age women selected using total sampling. A structured questionnaire was used as the research instrument, covering questions about the definition, risk factors, symptoms, and early detection methods of cervical cancer. The intervention was carried out through a lecture accompanied by leaflet distribution, which provided concise, clear, attractive, and easy-to-understand information. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to evaluate differences in mean scores before and after the intervention. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 57.69 in the pretest to 88.08 in the posttest. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between pre- and post-intervention. The study concludes that health education using leaflets is effective in improving mothers’ knowledge about cervical cancer early detection. Health workers are recommended to expand educational coverage using simple printed media as a sustainable strategy for prevention, to enhance community awareness more broadly, and ultimately to reduce cervical cancer incidence.