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The study aims to analyze the role of digital media as a distracting factor affecting the faith loyalty of Catholic adolescents in their relationship with God amid religious pluralism in Indonesia. The development of digital media has transformed how adolescents understand, express, and live out their faith, while simultaneously presenting both opportunities and ambivalent challenges. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, analyzing various theological, sociological sources, and Church documents. The findings indicate that digital media can serve as a broad and participatory space for expressing faith, but it also has the potential to create distractions in three main dimensions: cognitive, affective, and practical. Cognitively, adolescents experience confusion in understanding faith teachings due to the diversity of information available. Affectively, there is a shift in orientation from a relationship with God toward the pursuit of emotional gratification in digital spaces. Practically, there is a decline in engagement in concrete religious practices. Within the context of religious pluralism, this complexity intensifies and influences the formation of adolescents’ faith identity. This study also finds that digital media does not only have negative impacts but also holds positive potential as a means of deepening faith when used critically and reflectively. Therefore, the role of the Church is essential through contextual, dialogical, and integrative pastoral accompaniment combined with critical digital literacy. Through this approach, adolescents are expected to integrate their digital experiences into a more mature, authentic faith life rooted in a deeper relationship with God.

The book on the City of God and the City of Man is a masterpiece by St. Augustine that is very influential in the history of philosophy and theology. This book contains the background of Augustine's philosophical and theological reflections on the accusation of the destruction of the Roman Empire against Christianity. The City of God described in Augustine's perspective is a city that prioritizes love for God. While the City of Man is a city that reflects self-love. The implications of both types of cities in Augustine's perspective are very relevant to be discussed in the discourse on the concept of statehood. This paper also aims to analyze the relationship between democracy and capitalism in the perspective of Augustine of Hippo's thought, especially through the concept of civitas Dei (City of God) and civitas terrena (World City). This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. The results of this study show that democracy and capitalism, although providing space for freedom, are vulnerable to deviations when not guided by the correct moral orientation. In light of Augustine's thought, the crisis in modern democracy such as; Money politics, media manipulation, and anarchic demonstrations reflect the dominance of self-love (amor sui) that characterizes the civitas terrena. Therefore, democracy can only operate fairly if it is rooted in moral values ​​that lead to the common good (Bonum communae).

This study aims to examine the components of the Christian Religious Education (CRE) curriculum in the family, its design and development, and its concrete implementation. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design through library research, using data sources such as books, academic journals, and relevant articles. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques to produce a systematic and in-depth description. The findings show that the CRE curriculum in the family consists of interconnected components, namely objectives, content, strategies, methods, and evaluation, which must be implemented in an integrated manner. Faith education in the family is carried out through methods such as role modeling, habituation, teaching, discussion, mentoring, and practical application. Effective strategies include parental role modeling, dialogical communication, and love-based discipline. The implementation of the curriculum is realized through concrete activities such as family prayer, family worship, Bible reading, and the application of Christian values in daily life. In conclusion, the success of Christian Religious Education in the family largely depends on the active role and consistency of parents in implementing the curriculum in a holistic and continuous manner. With the right approach, the family can become an effective center of faith education in shaping children who are faithful, character-driven, and prepared to face life’s challenges.

This study aims to examine the methods, models, strategies, as well as the design and development of the Christian Religious Education curriculum within the family. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive type through library research, using data sources such as books, scientific journals, and relevant articles. The results of this study indicate that faith education in the family should be carried out holistically through various methods such as modeling, habituation, teaching, and mentoring. In addition, educational models such as the theocentric, relational, and participatory models provide clear direction in nurturing children’s faith. Effective strategies include modeling, dialogical communication, spiritual habituation, mentoring, and discipline based on love. Meanwhile, a simple family-based curriculum that includes objectives, materials, methods, media, and evaluation is essential to support a well-directed educational process. The success of Christian Religious Education in the family largely depends on the active role and consistency of parents in implementing methods, models, strategies, and curriculum in an integrated manner. With the right approach, the family can become an effective center of faith education in shaping children who are faithful, have strong character, and are prepared to face life’s challenges.

Advances in information and communication technology have encouraged governments to integrate digital systems into public service delivery through e-government initiatives. In Riau Province, the Riau application at the Soeman H.S. Library exemplifies this implementation. This study examines how the Riau application enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of public services within the library. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Findings show that the application provides convenient online access to library information and services. However, challenges remain, including limited financial resources, dependence on external parties, and insufficient feature development to meet user needs fully. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening institutional capacity, improving infrastructure, and formulating strategic plans to sustain digital library services. In line with Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution, regional governments possess autonomy to manage local affairs, aiming to improve public welfare through enhanced services, community empowerment, and civic participation while promoting regional competitiveness with attention to equity and democratic values. Following Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003, digital governance transformation is necessary to reduce bureaucratic barriers, integrate workflows, and support inter-institutional collaboration.

The book on the City of God and the City of Man is a masterpiece by St. Augustine that is very influential in the history of philosophy and theology. This book contains the background of Augustine's philosophical and theological reflections on the accusation of the destruction of the Roman Empire against Christianity. The City of God described in Augustine's perspective is a city that prioritizes love for God. While the City of Man is a city that reflects self-love. The implications of both types of cities in Augustine's perspective are very relevant to be discussed in the discourse on the concept of statehood. This paper also aims to analyze the relationship between democracy and capitalism in the perspective of Augustine of Hippo's thought, especially through the concept of civitas Dei (City of God) and civitas terrena (World City). This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. The results of this study show that democracy and capitalism, although providing space for freedom, are vulnerable to deviations when not guided by the correct moral orientation. In light of Augustine's thought, the crisis in modern democracy such as; Money politics, media manipulation, and anarchic demonstrations reflect the dominance of self-love (amor sui) that characterizes the civitas terrena. Therefore, democracy can only operate fairly if it is rooted in moral values ​​that lead to the common good (Bonum communae).

Religious and cultural diversity are inseparable realities of modern society. In the era of globalization, interactions among people from different religious and cultural backgrounds have become increasingly intensive, creating both opportunities and challenges for the practice of religious mission. These conditions require an inclusive, contextual, and dialogical approach in order for mission to remain relevant and constructive within pluralistic communities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between mission and dialogue in the context of multiculturalism and religious plurality. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach. Data were collected from books, scientific journals, and relevant theological documents, and were analyzed descriptively and interpretively. The findings indicate that mission should not be understood merely as the proclamation of the Gospel, but as active participation in Missio Dei, expressed through acts of love, justice, compassion, and peace. Interreligious dialogue serves as a strategic means of fostering tolerance, mutual understanding, respect, and cooperation among people of different faiths. The integration of mission and dialogue therefore represents a relevant and transformative approach for promoting social harmony and peaceful coexistence in pluralistic societies, particularly in the Indonesian context.

The contemporary ecological crisis demonstrates an imbalance in the relationship between humans and nature that is not only ecological, but also theological and moral. This article aims to analyze the ecological crisis from the perspective of Augustine of Hippo through the concepts of free will (liberum arbitrium) and the order of love (ordo amoris), as well as their relevance to the relationship between humans and nature. This study employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. The primary data sources are secondary literature, namely books and academic studies discussing Augustine’s philosophical and theological thought, supported by journal articles, Church documents, and contemporary ecotheological studies. The data were analyzed using descriptive-analytical and hermeneutic methods. The results of the study indicate that the ecological crisis originates from the disorientation of human will influenced by excessive self-love, which gives rise to an anthropocentric and exploitative attitude toward nature. From Augustine’s perspective, the restoration of the relationship between humans and nature requires an order of love directed toward God as the highest good. Therefore, the ecological crisis is understood as a spiritual crisis that demands an inner transformation of humanity in establishing an ethical relationship with all creation.

The Qur'an al-Karīm employs at least four principal terms in referring to human beings, namely al-basyar, al-insān, al-nās, and banī Ādam. These terms are not merely synonymous; rather, each represents distinct yet complementary dimensions of humanity in constructing a holistic concept of the human being. This study aims to: (1) analyze the semantic meanings of these four terms based on mufrodat studies, Makkiyah-Madaniyah classification, and asbābun nuzūl; (2) compare the interpretations of classical scholars - Al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, Al-Qurṭubī, and Fakhr Al-Rāzī - with those of contemporary scholars - Sayyid Quṭb, Ibn ‘Āshūr, M. Quraish Shihab, and Buya Hamka; and (3) formulate their implications for Islamic education. This research employs a library research method using the tafsīr maudhū‘ī approach integrated with Izutsu’s semantic analysis model. The findings reveal that al-basyar represents the physical-biological dimension of human beings; al-insān represents the spiritual dimension in relation to ‘ubūdiyyah toward Allah; al-nās represents the social-collective dimension; and banī Ādam represents the intellectual-rational dimension inherited from Adam through the divine gift of teaching al-asmā’ (Qur'an 2:31). Collectively, these four dimensions provide fundamental implications for the development of objectives, curriculum, methodology, and evaluation within holistic and comprehensive Islamic education.

A mid the growing complexity of contemporary education, the challenge of integrating intellectual achievement with moral and spiritual development has become increasingly urgent. This study examines educational strategies in the Qur’an through the perspective of tafsir tarbawi, focusing on four core approaches: exemplary conduct, advice, dialogue, and storytelling. The research aims to explore how the Qur’an presents pedagogical methods that not only convey knowledge but also shape character and internalize values in learners. Employing a qualitative library research design with thematic and tafsir tarbawi approaches, this study analyzes relevant Qur’anic verses and supporting scholarly literature. The findings reveal that the Qur’an offers a holistic and dynamic model of education in which exemplary conduct functions as a behavioral model, advice serves as a means of value internalization, dialogue promotes reflective and critical thinking, and storytelling strengthens moral awareness through narrative experience. These strategies are interconnected and operate across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The study concludes that Qur’anic educational strategies remain highly relevant for contemporary Islamic education, particularly in strengthening character formation, reflective learning, and the integration of values in educational practice.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Qirâat (variant Qur’anic readings) on the interpretation of legal verses in Adhwâ’ al-Bayân by Muhammad al-Amîn al-Syinqîthi. Employing a qualitative library research approach, this study examines how both mutawâtir and syâdz Qirâat contribute to the process of Islamic legal deduction (istinbâth). The findings reveal that Qirâat function not merely as linguistic variations but also have significant implications for expanding, reinforcing, and providing flexibility in legal meanings across various domains, including worship (ibadah), family law (munâkahât), transactions (mu‘âmalah), and jihad. Al-Syinqîthi integrates linguistic analysis, textual evidence, and the objectives of Islamic law (maqâṣid al-syarî‘ah) in a comprehensive manner, enabling him to accommodate different Qirâat without generating legal contradictions. Mutawâtir Qirâat serve as the primary foundation for legal rulings, while syâdz Qirâat function as complementary and supportive arguments. This study concludes that the diversity of Qirâat constitutes an integral component of Qur’anic exegesis and Islamic jurisprudence, contributing to the development of a flexible, contextual, and relevant Islamic legal framework.

Entering the third decade of the 21st century, the church faces the urgency of redefining its existence amidst the shift to a digital ecosystem. This research aims to analyze the synergy between church management and transformational leadership toward the effectiveness of leader multiplication in the Digital 4.0 era. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through library research, this study explores the integration of modern management theories and theological principles. The findings indicate that church management serves as a vital infrastructure providing operational stability, while transformational leadership acts as a catalyst for innovation and behavioral change in facing VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) conditions. The synergy between these two elements creates a “Digital Shepherding” model, where the digital space is transformed into a theological medium for character formation and spiritual transmission. The study concludes that the effectiveness of leader multiplication is determined by a shift from person-centered leadership to a system-inspired approach that integrates digital capabilities with biblical integrity. Strategic implications suggest that churches must adopt a digital mindset and establish digital leadership laboratories to ensure the sustainability of their mission among Generation Z.

The moral crisis in contemporary education demands a reconstruction of moral values derived from the Qur'an as the epistemological foundation of Islamic education. This study aims to identify and analyze the moral educational values found in Surah Al-Imran, verse 159, particularly through the perspectives of Ibn Kathir’s tafsir and Quraish Shihab’s Tafsir Al-Misbah, and formulate its implications for contemporary Islamic education practices. Using a qualitative approach with a library research method, this study analyzes primary data from Ibn Kathir’s tafsir and Tafsir Al-Misbah, confronted with secondary literature on moral education theory. The analysis technique used was content analysis with a comparative-analytical approach to extract both explicit and implicit moral educational values. The findings revealed three fundamental values: first, gentleness (ar-rifq) as a humanistic pedagogical communication method; second, forgiveness (al-‘afw) as a mechanism for restoring educational relationships; third, consultation (asy-syura) as a democratic principle in educational decision-making. This study concludes that these values are not merely individual ethics but methodological principles that must be integrated into the culture of Islamic educational institutions. Practically, this requires a transformation from authoritarian-monological to dialogical-participatory educational approaches and strengthening educators' socio-emotional competencies.

Social change in the context of liquid modernity has significantly influenced how people understand interpersonal relationships, love, and commitment. Contemporary relationships tend to be flexible, temporary, and oriented towards the fulfillment of subjective needs, making loyalty and long-term commitment often viewed as a threat to personal autonomy. Based on Zygmunt Bauman's analysis of liquid modernity and liquid love, this study examines the crisis of modern relationships as an anthropological and theological crisis of meaning. Specifically, the study focuses on the Nota Doktrinal Una Caro as the Catholic Church's theological response to these relational dynamics. Using a library research method with a qualitative and analytical-hermeneutical approach, this study interprets magisterial texts in critical dialogue with the sociological theory of liquid modernity. The research findings show that the Nota Doktrinal Una Caro offers an integrated anthropological-theological vision by affirming Catholic marriage as a permanent, monogamous, and indissoluble communion of life and love. Fidelity is understood as the highest actualization of freedom, while sexuality is seen as an expression of total self-giving, offering an alternative to the fragmentation of modern relationships. The study also emphasizes the importance of a dialogical and formative approach in family counseling.

This research is motivated by the reality of human life that is inseparable from suffering and a crisis of hope, particularly within the context of faith experiences. Lamentations 3:1–24 was chosen as the object of study because it contains a profound expression of suffering that transforms into hope through an awareness of God's steadfast love. The purpose of this study is to theologically examine the meaning of hope amid suffering and to explore how this text provides spiritual strength for believers in the contemporary era. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach and theological-biblical hermeneutical analysis of the text of Lamentations 3:1–24. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative interpretation, which emphasizes existential honesty, faith reflection, and spiritual refinement as a path to forming spiritual character through suffering. The findings indicate that suffering is not the end but a divine means to direct believers toward true hope in God’s steadfast love. Thus, honest faith, prayer, and waiting become tangible expressions of a spirituality that endures and grows amid darkness.

Islamization in Sambas, West Kalimantan, represents a historical and evolving process influenced by trade routes, the political dynamics of local kingdoms, and the transmission of Islamic knowledge through networks of scholars and local intellectuals. This process extended beyond the mere dissemination of religious teachings, encompassing significant social, cultural, and educational transformations within the community. A central figure in this Islamization process was Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885–1976), the Maharaja Imam of the Sambas Sultanate, who played a pivotal role in reforming Islamic education and strengthening religious understanding among the local population. This article employs a historical-qualitative approach and library research to trace the trajectory of Islamization in Sambas while analyzing Basiuni Imran’s contributions within the socio-cultural context of the region. The findings reveal that Basiuni Imran’s thought reinforced Islamization through the modernization of Islamic education, the integration of Sharia with local customs, and the establishment of adaptive religious structures, thereby significantly shaping the religious life of the Sambas community from the colonial period to the early years of Indonesia’s independence.

Self-development is a crucial competence for navigating the professional world; however, many individuals face significant barriers in optimizing this potential. This study aims to formulate an integrative model of Quranic Tadabur and bibliotherapy as a professional therapeutic intervention in counseling, addressing gaps in existing literature. Using a library research method with content analysis, the findings indicate that Quranic Tadabur effectively enhances essential self-development skills, including self-awareness, work motivation, problem-solving, time management, emotional regulation, critical and creative thinking, and social collaboration. Within the bibliotherapy framework, the self-development process is structured through stages of motivation, incubation, follow-up, and evaluation. Furthermore, several counseling techniques are proposed, such as self-management, minimal contact, counselor-led management, and directed counseling, to support individual growth. This integrative approach highlights the role of spirituality in fostering holistic personal and professional development. The study contributes theoretically to the advancement of spirituality-based counseling models, particularly in the context of modern career development, and offers a conceptual foundation for future empirical research.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of compensation on employee performance through a literature review approach. The background of this research is based on the importance of compensation as a factor that contributes to improving employee work outcomes. Compensation is not only considered as remuneration for work performed, but also as an element that can encourage motivation and productivity. The study applied a descriptive method using a literature review approach. The data used were secondary data obtained from 20 national scientific journals published since 2020, discussing compensation and employee performance. Data collection was carried out through library research by selecting, classifying, and reviewing relevant literature sources. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively by interpreting findings from previous studies. The results indicate that 19 out of 20 journals reported a positive and significant relationship between compensation and employee performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that compensation plays an essential role in enhancing employee performance, making an effective compensation system a crucial aspect of human resource management.

The concept of fides quaerens intellectum (faith seeking understanding) in this study is interpreted by emphasizing the rationality of faith as a form of apologia based on 1 Peter 3:15. This study aims to demonstrate that Christian faith is not merely spiritual and normative in nature, but also possesses a rational dimension that can be intellectually justified. In this context, 1 Peter 3:15 serves as a biblical foundation that underscores the importance of believers being prepared to provide a logical and responsible explanation for the hope they possess.This research employs a qualitative approach through library research, combined with an exegetical analysis of 1 Peter 3:15 and a philosophical-theological approach to understand the relationship between faith and reason. Through this framework, the rationality of faith is examined as an integral part of the Christian apologetic tradition. Furthermore, this study affirms that faith and reason are not contradictory realities, but rather complementary elements in the pursuit of truth. The findings indicate that the rationality of faith functions not only defensively but also constructively in fostering dialogue between faith and the intellectual world. Christian faith is understood as a conviction that remains open to rational examination without losing its dimension of mystery. Therefore, fides quaerens intellectum emerges as a relevant paradigm in addressing modern challenges, while also contributing to the development of theological and philosophical studies, particularly in strengthening the integration of faith and reason in the life of believers.

Dengue remains a major vector-borne disease worldwide, and the increasing resistance of Aedes aegypti to synthetic insecticides has encouraged the exploration of environmentally friendly botanical larvicides. This study aimed to systematically evaluate scientific evidence regarding the larvicidal potential of endemic Kalimantan plants against Aedes aegypti and to identify priority candidates for future research. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed across Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Web of Science, MDPI, Wiley Online Library, Garuda, SINTA, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2016 and January 2026. A total of 925 records were identified, and after duplicate removal, screening, and eligibility assessment, 88 studies were included in the final synthesis. The results showed that botanical larvicides rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, limonoids, and sulfur compounds demonstrated significant larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. However, no direct larvicidal studies were identified for endemic Kalimantan species, including Fibraurea tinctoria, Arcangelisia flava, Dacrydium beccarii, Agathis borneensis, and Scorodocarpus borneensis. These findings highlight substantial evidence gaps and indicate that Kalimantan biodiversity represents a promising source of novel larvicidal agents for sustainable dengue vector control.