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This study examines the contribution of Anselmus dari Canterbury in addressing the tendency of anti-intellectualism in certain theological practices that separate faith from reason. The background of this research lies in the growing assumption that faith does not require philosophical reflection, which often leads to subjective and uncritical interpretations of sacred texts. The objective of this study is to analyze Anselm’s concept of fides quaerens intellectum as a framework for integrating faith and reason. This research employs a qualitative method with a philosophical and hermeneutical approach, focusing on textual analysis of Anselm’s works and relevant scholarly literature. The findings show that Anselm does not oppose faith and reason but emphasizes that faith naturally seeks understanding. This integration prevents arbitrary interpretations and strengthens the rational foundation of belief. The study implies that Anselm’s thought remains relevant for contemporary theological discourse, especially in promoting a balanced and critical understanding of faith in modern religious contexts.

Nowadays, social media has shaped a new interaction space for human to communicate and access information broadly within a new reality phenomenon called the (global village), a term popularized by Marshall McLuchan. Although it open opportunities for limitless relationship, this phenomenon also frequently gives rise to several moral issues, such as consumerist culture, body exploitation, and the tendency of individuals to build self-identity based on social judgment. This situation aligns with Charles Horton Cooley’s idea., which asserts that self-identity is often formed through the perspective of others. Based on this context, this study aims to examine the relevance of the concept of haecceitas in John Duns Scotus thought as a basis for criticizing moral degradations in social media practices. This research uses a qualitative method through literature study and philosophical analysis of the digital identity phenomenon. The results of the study show that the concept of haecceitas emphasizes the uniqueness and dignity of every person as an individual who cannot be reduced by social construction or the demand of popularity on social media. This concept can serve as a basis for ethical reflection to strengthen the awareness of one’s distinctive identity and respect for the human body in the digital space.

This study examines the dynamics of public criticism of Shin Tae-yong's dismissal by PSSI as a phenomenon of digital communication that shows the tension between freedom of expression and the legal limits of hate speech. The background of this research stems from the intensity of netizens' reactions, which developed into collective moral pressure and had the potential to enter the realm of insults and hostility, as reflected in various comments, news reports, and verbal disputes involving public figures. This study aims to analyze how criticism, media framing, and netizen responses interact with the regulations of the ITE Law, particularly Article 28 paragraph (2), which is often used in reporting hate speech. The methods used are a normative juridical approach and case studies with document analysis, news reports, and academic literature techniques to identify patterns of digital expression and their legal relevance. The results of the study show that public criticism of Shin Tae-yong not only reflects performance evaluation, but also contains emotional, social identity, and moral dimensions that are reinforced by media framing and digital culture. The discussion confirms that the shift from criticism to hate speech occurs when public expression is not managed ethically, while law enforcement on hate speech articles still faces interpretation problems. In conclusion, this verbal dispute reflects the complexity of Indonesia's digital democracy and the urgency of legal reform

This study reexamines Genesis 26:12–13 to illuminate the hermeneutical tension between the original meaning of the Hebrew term זָרַע (zāraʿ) and the interpretive patterns characteristic of the Prosperity Gospel. Through a historical-critical approach combined with narrative analysis, the study demonstrates that Isaac’s act of sowing must be understood as an actual agrarian activity undertaken within conditions of crisis and limitation, and grounded in the initiative and faithfulness of God. The findings indicate that the blessing Isaac received was never intended as a universal, reproducible formula but as a theological declaration of divine care within a history marked by uncertainty. In contrast, the Prosperity Gospel employs a hermeneutic that is predominantly literal and selective in its use of texts while disregarding their contexts, thereby reshaping the covenant narrative into a reductive pattern of guaranteed prosperity. This analysis shows that such reading not only shifts the theological focus of the text but also obscures the dynamics of faith, obedience, and grace that form the heart of the narrative. The study affirms the necessity of a more critical and responsible hermeneutic and argues that recovering the historical context and narrative structure serves as an essential theological corrective to Prosperity Gospel readings that detach the text from its original context.

Modern education has produced various learning theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, constructivism, and postmodernism, each contributing significantly to the understanding of learning processes, motivation, and knowledge formation. However, these theories are rooted in secular philosophical foundations that place humanity at the center of truth while neglecting the spiritual dimension revealed in Scripture. This condition creates tension for Christian education, which upholds the Bible as the epistemological basis and ultimate purpose of learning. This study aims to critically examine the secular assumptions embedded within modern learning theories, identify pedagogical elements that can be integrated into Christian education, and formulate strategies for Christian educators to utilize secular theories without compromising their theological foundation. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through a literature review of books, journals, and relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that although modern learning theories offer valuable pedagogical insights, they contain naturalistic, rationalistic, humanistic, and relativistic assumptions that must be filtered through biblical theology. Christian educators are not required to reject secular theories entirely; rather, they bear an apologetic responsibility to discern useful methods, reject conflicting philosophical assumptions, and direct the entire learning process toward glorifying God. Thus, modern learning theories can function as effective tools within Christian education when positioned correctly as pedagogical instruments under the authority of Scripture.

The global environmental crisis is increasingly alarming, with deforestation and resource exploitation severely impacting ecosystems and local communities. In Indonesia, Flores Island has become a strategic site for geothermal projects, including the planned drilling in Poco Leok, Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. This project has provoked strong resistance from local communities due to ecological threats such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, water pollution, and water scarcity, all of which exacerbate social vulnerability, particularly among women. This study employs a qualitative literature-based analysis using Taoist philosophy as an interpretive framework. The principles of Yin–Yang, Wu Wei, and Ziran are applied as reflective lenses to identify the root of the crisis: the imbalance in human–nature relations caused by exploitative and dominant development models. The findings demonstrate that economy-driven development undermines ecological harmony and local wisdom, thereby deepening social hardship. In contrast, Taoist philosophy offers an alternative paradigm that emphasizes balance, harmony, and respect for the natural order. Addressing the Poco Leok conflict therefore requires not only a reassessment of policy but also a paradigm shift in development toward ecological justice and inclusive, sustainable well-being.

The poem “Mayat Politik Ditutupi Koran Pagi” by Afrizal Malna presents sharp social and political criticism through the use of irony and complex metaphors. This study aims to examine how these two linguistic devices are employed to reveal the socio-political realities of post-reform Indonesia. Using a stylistic approach, the research explores the forms, functions, and meanings of irony and metaphor that appear within the poem’s structure. The analysis shows that irony serves to express dissatisfaction and satire toward political conditions that appear orderly but are actually filled with deception and manipulation. Meanwhile, metaphor provides a symbolic depiction of the role of mass media as an instrument of power that conceals the true political reality behind public discourse. Through the interplay of these two stylistic elements, Afrizal Malna succeeds in presenting a poetic representation of society’s anxiety over media domination and the blurring line between truth and political interest. This study is expected to enhance the understanding of literature’s role as a reflective and critical medium in uncovering the relationship between language, power, and ideology within Indonesia’s socio-political dynamics.

This study examines the poem Sajak Sebatang Lisong by W.S. Rendra through a postcolonial lens, focusing on the underlying social criticism embedded within the text. The poem reflects the persistent social inequalities that continue to affect Indonesian society in the post-independence era, particularly in the realms of education and the marginalization of impoverished children. Through symbols such as the cigarette (lisong), wealthy elites (cukong), and the imagery of an endless road, the poem highlights the lingering presence of colonial structures within contemporary social and educational systems. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study utilizes textual analysis and socio-cultural context as primary analytical tools. The findings reveal that political independence has not been fully accompanied by social justice. Structural oppression and limited opportunities continue to hinder the younger generation in their pursuit of a better future. As such, the poem serves as a powerful literary critique of neocolonial practices and ongoing social alienation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how literature can reflect colonial legacies and the socio-political dynamics of post-independence Indonesia, while also enriching the discourse in postcolonial literary studies.  

This study discusses a legal analysis of the differences between criticism and defamation in Indonesian law, especially in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE). The research method used is normative legal with a regulatory and contextual approach. The results of the study show that the Criminal Code and the ITE Law both provide protection for individual honor, but differ in the scope of application. The Criminal Code focuses more on conventional interactions, while the ITE Law regulates the electronic realm. Although it aims to protect the name well, the provisions in the ITE Law are considered to have weaknesses due to the potential for multiple interpretations that can threaten freedom of expression. Therefore, a proportional legal interpretation is needed to maintain a balance between protection of personal honor and respect for freedom.  

In today's digital era, social media has become an important space for the public to express their opinions, including assessing film adaptations. This study examines audience criticism of the Indonesian version of the film adaptation of A Business Proposal that has spread on social media. Audience criticism focuses heavily on inconsistencies with the original version, acting quality, and technical aspects such as cinematography and directing. Factors that have influenced this criticism include audience perceptions of the original work, expectations of characters and stories, and the influence of discussions that have developed virally on social media. Massive criticism has an impact on audience interest, promotional strategies, and becomes evaluation material for filmmakers in developing better adaptations in the future. Social media is not only a channel of expression, but also a significant tool in shaping the success or failure of a film adaptation.

This research seeks to find out how social criticism is in cyber literature, the Whynesia monologue on the Tretan Universe YouTube channel. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data used are three cyber videos of Whynesia monologue literature on the Tretan Universe YouTube channel. This research data was collected using the listening and note-taking method. The results of the research show that Whynesia's cyber literary monologue on the Tretan Universe YouTube channel has deep social criticism regarding the phenomena currently occurring. Through the flow of the monologue delivered, the narrator presents a discourse of social criticism regarding social problems that occur in Indonesia. This monologue presents the importance of social criticism which acts as a tool to maintain societal stability. Strong and courageous monologues in conveying criticism, stimulate thinking about the importance of creating stable conditions in society, where people must express their voice or social criticism regarding problems in the environment. The implication of the findings is the importance of social criticism to maintain the stability of society and the importance of new media such as research objects to revive literary works as a medium for social criticism. Therefore, society must fight so that existing inequalities or problems can be voiced to create stability and regeneration of literary works as a medium used in society.

Song lyrics "Civilization", "News of Loss", and "Great Destroyer Dance" works. Feast became the subject of this investigation. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the structure of lyrics and social commentary. The Roman Ingarden hypothesis is used in this review to dissect the design of the verses of the dining experience. Theories of literary sociology were also used in this study to see how the lyrics of the song "Pesta" contained social criticism. The consequences of this study show that melodic verses work . Banquet acts as a vehicle for delivering analysis of real social factors that occur in the eyes of the public. In the melodic poems of "Peradaban", analysis is communicated on the development of the revolution, the unfair worldview, and prejudice that exists among the tight networks that are rife in Indonesia. The killers were criticized in the lyrics of the song "News of the Loss" because it has lost humanity and human values. The lyrics of the song "Dance of the Great Destroyer" forbid the application of Indonesian local wisdom and denounce pollution and environmental damage.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya tuturan ekspresif yang ditemukan pada novel Hubbu karya Mashuri. Novel Hubbu merupakan karya Mashuri yang memperoleh penghargaan dari Dewan Kesenian Jakarta (DKJ). Novel Hubbu karya Mashuri menceritakan kehidupan Jarot yang digadang-gadang sebagai penerus pesantren warisan leluhurnya. Namun, ketika beranjak dewasa,  Jarot dihadapkan dengan berbagai konflik psikologis, antara memilih mengemban tanggung jawab untuk memimpin pesantren warisan leluhur, cinta, dan kehidupan di luar pesantren yang didambakan. Novel Hubbu karya Mashuri  memiliki bentuk dan fungsi tindak tutur ekspresif. Berdasarkan latarbelakang tersebut, rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana bentuk dan fungsi tindak tutur ekspresif dalam novel Hubbu karya Mashuri? Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk  dan fungsi tindak tutur ekspresif dalam novel Hubbu karya Mashuri. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatf. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik simak bebas libat cakap. Hasil penelitian ini, ditemukan bentuk-bentuk tindak tutur ekspresif  berupa tindak tutur meminta maaf, memuji, berterima kasih, mengeluh, memprotes, menyalahkan, mengkritik, marah, dan mengucapkan selamat. Fungsi tindak tutur ekspresif  yang ditemukan adalah mengungkapkan perasaan, mengisyaratkan maksud tertentu, dan memperhalus bahasa.

Tindak tutur ekspresif merupakan salah satu jenis tindak tutur yang menyatakan hal atau sesuatu yang bertujuan untuk dirasakan oleh penuturnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang berusaha mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan suatu objek yang dituturkan sesuai dengan gambaran yang sebenarnya. Pada penelitian ini pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitiatif, juga dengan menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah wacana Stand Up Comedy Indonesia sesi 7 Jupri di Kompas Tv yang bersumber dari laman Youtube, tindak tutur yang mengandung tawa ini digunakan penutur untuk mengekspresikan beberapa hal yang bertujuan untuk disampaikan kepada mitra tutur dalam hal ini yaitu penonton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tindak tutur ekspresif dalam wacana Stand Up Comedy Indonesia sesi 7 Jupri di Kompas Tv. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan ada beberapa jenis istilah tindak tutur ekspresif dalam wacana humor Stand Up Comedy Indonesia sesi 7 Jupri di Kompas Tv, yaitu: (1) tindak tutur ekspresif mengkritik, (2) tindak tutur ekspresif memuji, (3) tindak tutur ekspresif menyalahkan, dan (4) tindak tutur ekspresif menghina. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat berguna dan bermanfaat bagi pembaca yang mau mencari referensi untuk penelitian pembelajaran dalam hal ilmu pragmatik terutama mengenai tindak tutur ekspresif pada penelitian selanjutnya.

Masalah utama dalam penulisan ini yaitu bagaimana kearifan lingkungan novel Rahasia Pelangi karya Riawani Elyta dan Sabrina Ws. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kearifan lingkungan novel Rahasia Pelangi karya Riawani Elyta dan Sabrina Ws. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Prosedur penelitian meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan pemeriksaan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah Novel Rahasia Pelangi karya Riawani Elyta dan Sabrina Ws. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua puluh dua bentuk kearifan lingkungan yang dikelompokkan menjadi lima aspek, diantaranya sikap hormat terhadap alam, sikap tanggung jawab moral terhadap alam, sikap solidaritas terhadap alam, sikap kasih sayang dan kepedulian terhadap alam, dan sikap tidak mengganggu kehidupan alam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut di atas, dapat disimpulkan kearifan lokal lingkungan pada Novel Rahasia Pelangi karya Riawani Elyta dan Sabrina Ws melalui model ekokritik sastra terdapat dua puluh dua.        

Pendidikan kehumasan diberbagai negara masih didominasi oleh negara barat. Pada kenyataannya perspektif barat ini tidak serta merta cocok digunakan, apalagi di  negara ataupun wilayah yang notabene memiliki kebudayaan yang berbeda. Salah satu penyebab yang menjadikan perspektif barat banyak digunakan adalah karena sedikitnya kajian tentang humas yang dilakukan oleh negara bukan barat. Akademisi melihat bahwa pengembangan perspektif lain di dalam pendidikan kehumasan memang diperlukan. Perspektif Islam menjadi salah satu perspektif yang dapat dimanfaatkan kesempatannya. Bagian pertama artikel membahas dominasi hubungan masyarakat AS dan kritik terkaitnya. Diskusi berikut menggunakan studi kasus untuk mengeksplorasi cara memasukkan perspektif islam ke dalam kurikulum PR. Bagian akhir dari makalah yakni kesimpulan, menyoroti beberapa tantangan yang muncul dalam mengembangan pendidikan humas dengan perspektif islam.  

Penelitian ini mengkaji puisi “salahkah melangkah” karya Fiersa Besari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kondisi dan kritik sosial yang disampaikan Fiersa Besari dalam isi puisi yang dia ciptakan. Permalasahan sosial kian menjamur setelah bebasnya berekspresi lewat media sosial.Hal ini tentunya memberikan pengaruh terhadap anak muda milenial pada saat ini, yang lebih lama menghabiskan waktunya untuk bermain di media sosial ketimbang bermain dan berinteraksi langsung dengan orang-orang di  sekitarnya. Kritik membangun sangat penting untuk diberikan pada anak muda Milenial saat ini, untuk itu Fiersa Besari hadir dengan puisinya yang berjudul "Salahkan Melangkah" dengan gayanya yang cocok dengan anak muda milenial penulis pun tertarik untuk menganalisis kritik dan makna sosial yang ada di dalamnya karena sangat cocok dengan keadaan saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah satu buah puisi karya fiersa besari yang berjudul "Salahkan Melangkah". kondisi dan kritik sosial dalam puisi “salahkah melangkah” karya Fiersa besari menggambarkan secara jelas dan nyata permasalahan yang terjadi pada kehidupan masyarakat. Dalam isi puisinya itu, Fiersa tidak hanya menggambarkan keadaan sosial remaja saja tetapi permasalahan yang terjadi pada hampir seluruh kalangan masyarakat. Kritik dalam isi puisi Fiersa setidaknya dapat menjadi nasehat bagi semua kalangan masyarakat agar selalu menjaga dan mengontrol sikap dan perilaku diri kita semuanya.

. Industri Financial Technologi (Fintech) merupakan salah satu metode layanan jasa keuangan yang mulai populer di era digital sekarang ini. Dan pembayaran digital menjadi salah satu sektor dalam industri Fintech yang paling berkembang di Indonesia. Khususnya Perbankan, Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan Fintech oleh PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk KCP Slamet Riyadi Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Analisa data yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jika Fintech adalah sebuah sebutan yang disingkat dari kata ‘financial’ dan ‘technology’ di mana artinya adalah sebuah inovasi di dalam bidang jasa keuangan. Fintech memiliki peranan yang sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, di antaranya adalah Meningkatkan inklusi keuangan nasional; Meningkatkan pemerataan tingkat kesejahteraan penduduk; Fintech dapat meminimalisir peredaran uang tunai sehingga dapat meminimalisir pula terjadinya inflasi, Pengguna layanan Fintech dapat mengetahui secara langsung data transaksinya sendiri tanpa melalui pihak ketiga; Pengguna layanan Fintech dapat memberikan saran dan kritikan secara langsung terhadap platform yang menyediakan layanan tersebut dan Layanan Fintech memberikan berbagai pilihan layanan yang memudahkan kebutuhan penggunanya   Kata kunci: penerapan, fintech, bank rakyat indonesia