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Tresia Martina Manalu; Beny OY Marpaung

SENIMAN: Jurnal Publikasi Desain Komunikasi Visual 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Dairi Regency is known as a regency that has a natural charm that can be a potential attraction that can attract many tourists. Puncak Sidiangkat is one of the destinations that is often visited because of its natural beauty which is still very beautiful and green. So this research was conducted with the aim of planning hotels and tourist areas using ecovillage design. Puncak Sidiangkat which has the opportunity to build hotels and glamping along with other tourist facilities, develops knowledge about the advantages of natural resources in Dairi Regency which blends directly with nature in an effort to achieve economic sustainability. The design of hotel and tourist areas is inseparable from how to design buildings that have a positive effect on the surrounding environment, especially the development of mountain tourism infrastructure and facilities as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient tourism sector. This study also considers local cultural values, community participation, and the use of sustainable materials to ensure long-term environmental balance. Furthermore, the integration of renewable energy systems, proper waste management, and landscape conservation is emphasized to support eco-friendly tourism development. Through this approach, the project is expected to enhance tourist experience while preserving natural resources and improving the local economy.

Ni Putu Gita Puspadewi; I Ketut Wardana Yasa; I Made Gede Anadhi

International Journal of Management Science and Business 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Bali tourism is currently facing challenges such as environmental degradation and overtourism due to the massive influx of visitors. As a solution that has been implemented in various countries, the Tourist Levy began to be applied in Bali on February 14, 2024, through Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2023, known as the Foreign Tourist Levy, with the aim of protecting Bali’s nature and culture towards quality tourism. This research becomes urgent to examine the implications of the foreign tourist levy on Bali’s sustainable tourism. Although this regulation has noble intentions, its implementation has generated various responses from international tourists and tourism stakeholders in Bali. This condition has prompted the author to conduct an in-depth study. The objectives of this research are: (1) To analyze the implementation of the foreign tourist levy (International Tourist Levy) policy in Bali, (2) To analyze the challenges in implementing the foreign tourist levy (International Tourist Levy) policy on sustainable tourism in Bali, and (3) To analyze the implications of the foreign tourist levy (International Tourist Levy) policy for international tourists and tourism stakeholders in realizing sustainable tourism. The method used in this research is a descriptive approach. The types of data employed are qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, analyzed using qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the International Tourist Levy has great potential in strengthening sustainable tourism in Bali. The majority of tourists support the sustainability goals of this policy, although some express concerns about the transparency of fund utilization and the impact of additional costs on travel decisions. Meanwhile, tourism industry players demonstrate positive adaptation, with emphasis on the need for strengthening socialization, transparency, and collaboration among stakeholders. This research recommends enhancing public communication and conducting regular evaluations of the policy to be more responsive to the dynamics and needs of tourists. Thus, this policy is expected to serve as a model for foreign tourists’ contributions in supporting the preservation of Bali’s cultural and natural heritage in a sustainable manner.

Dicka Rusmawan Budia Kusumah; Kiki Endah; Agus Nurulsyam Suparman

Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research is motivated by the importance of implementing sustainable tourism management principles in the management of Citumang Nature Tourism, Bojong Village, Parigi District, Pangandaran Regency. This management not only emphasizes the utilization of economic value, but must also pay attention to the preservation of the natural environment, socio-cultural values and aspects, and the active involvement of the local community. This aims to ensure that the benefits of Citumang's existence can be felt by all levels of society. The purpose of this study is to determine the form and effectiveness of collaboration between the village government, stakeholders, and the community in managing this nature tourism. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through literature studies and field studies. Data analysis is carried out in three stages, namely data collection, data reduction, and data presentation. The results of the study indicate that the collaboration between the village government, stakeholders, and the community still faces several obstacles. Problems identified include the lack of official licenses or professional guide certificates for tour guides, an unclear organizational structure resulting in weak coordination between the village government and tour guide groups, limited proactive leadership, which reduces community motivation and participation in tourism development, low community involvement in the planning and implementation of tourism activities, and a lack of effective promotion to attract visitors. These conditions have resulted in the suboptimal development of Citumang's tourism potential as a leading regional destination. This study recommends the establishment of a clear organizational structure, increased human resource capacity through guide training and certification, strengthening the role of visionary and inclusive leadership, increasing community participation in all stages of tourism management, and implementing creative and targeted promotional strategies. This will enable Citumang's nature tourism management to be more effective, sustainable, and provide optimal benefits for all stakeholders.

Febbyria Andany; Yuliana Yuliana

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research was motivated by the public's lack of exposure to the potential of culinary products to support tourism in Solok City. The aim of this research is to formulate the potential of culinary tourism as a supporter of tourism in Solok City using SWOT analysis originating from internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). This research is descriptive in nature with qualitative data obtained through observation techniques, interviews, and documentation, with research informants selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research informants were: Tourism Office, Bundo Kanduang, community and traders. Data was analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and strategic analysis. Overall, the research results show that the potential for culinary products to support tourism in Solok City has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can be identified for development. The potential for culinary products to support tourism in Solok City that can be proposed involves: 1) Many types of typical Solok City food are still not exposed to visitors as well as the meaning and traditional traditions contained in each type of typical Solok City food. 2) The potential of culinary products to support tourism in Solok City, consisting of karucuik baluik, banana stem curry, banana pinyaram, limpiang pinyaram and bagalintin banana compote need to be maintained so that they can become selling points with a taste that is maintained and become a legacy for future generations 3) The internal factors of typical Solok City foods such as karucuik baluik, banana stem curry, banana pinyaram, limpiang pinyaram and bagalintin banana compote have a delicious and savory taste. The drawback of Solok City culinary tourism food is that its presentation does not last long at room temperature. The younger generation is not skilled in making it. The external factor of delicious food can increase business opportunities for local MSMEs and can open up new job vacancies if developed. The potential of Solok City's culinary products is threatened and is rarely made by the community, so the current generation does not know the traditional processes and events used to make them.

Yudha Maulana Putra; Lubis, Adelina; Ikbar Pratama

The International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to examine the role of green marketing and brand image in shaping the decision to stay at Ecolodge Bukit Lawang Resort. Ecolodge Bukit Lawang Resort, located in the Bukit Lawang area, North Sumatra, offers an eco-friendly tourism concept that focuses on sustainability and nature conservation. Therefore, understanding how green marketing practices and brand image can influence consumer behavior in making decisions to stay is important. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey of 100 visitors who have stayed at Ecolodge. Data were analyzed using multiple regression methods to test the influence of green marketing (eco-friendly products, green promotions, and sustainability policies) and brand image (trust, associations, and perceived quality) on consumer decisions. The results showed that both factors had a significant influence on the decision to stay. Green marketing plays an important role in creating a positive image that influences consumer trust, while a strong brand image strengthens the decision to stay. These findings provide insight for Ecolodge Bukit Lawang Resort managers to focus more on developing green marketing strategies and strengthening brand image in order to increase the resort's appeal as an ecologically responsible tourist destination.

A. Fariz Adyaturohman; Muhammad Dawud Abdul Halim

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research aims to examine the role of environmental management in supporting the development of sustainable tourism at Asstro Highland Ciater. Apart from that, this researcher aims to find out and evaluate the concept of environmental management in order to preserve the environment. The background of this writing is because this tourist attraction relies heavily on nature. so environmental management is very important to study, several problems that want to be discussed include: 1. waste management that is not yet optimal 2. increased use of natural resources such as water and energy that is not controlled 3. as well as low awareness of tourists and local communities which has an impact on damage to local ecosystems, the method used includes in-depth interviews with tourist attraction managers and local communities to identify policies and managerial practices implemented in environmental management. Apart from that, field observations were carried out to assess environmental conditions and interactions between visitors and the natural surroundings. The main results obtained from this research were: 1. Efforts to reduce plastic waste 2. Conservation measures which include the use of water-saving equipment and energy use 3. Management can provide education to tourists regarding the importance of maintaining cleanliness and preserving nature, from this research it can recommend the development of ecotourism and strengthening sustainable tourism branding through preserving nature. 

Meilinda Suriani Harefa; Restu Restu; Theresia Margaretha Gulo; Irfan Ruhaimi; Jenni Novita Sianturi

Jurnal Insan Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Mangrove ecotourism offers various interesting tourist activities for visitors, such as nature tourism, environmental education and cultural tourism. The aim of this research is to determine the role and efforts of the community in participating in improving mangrove ecotourism management in Denai Kuala Village, Pantai Labu District, Deli Serdang Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The results of this research show that Monkey Beach is managed with an approach that harmonizes environmental protection, animal welfare, education and economic sustainability. The management of mangrove ecotourism on Putra Deli beach is managed by one party where the management of the beach income is used properly and part of it goes into the treasury as funds for further beach management. Muara Indah Beach Mangrove management is carried out by community groups who live around the beach. Not all people, only a few are included in the Muara Indah Beach management group.    

Maria Oktafianti Palang Ledun; Kotan Y. Stefanus; Hernimus Ratu Udju

Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Based on the author’s observations, the basic background of the problem can be formulated as follows: (1) How are functions regulated Lembata Regency Tourism Office in the Development of Tourism Objects on Awulolong Island: (2) What are the Inhibiting Factors in Implementing the Regulatory Functions of the Lembata Regency Tourism Office in the Development of Tourism Attrractions on Awulolong Island which is dosely related to the function the Department. In order to answer this question, research was carried out using the Qualitative Descriptive Analysis Method in accordance with the data obtained while still paying attention to theories, principles and legal rules. Therefore, this research that originates from primary, secondary and tertiary data using an empirical and juridical approach normative.  The result of this research show that the regulation of the functions of the Lembata Regency Tourism Office in the development of tourism objects on Awulolong Island in accordance with Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning tourism and Lembata Regency Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2012 concerning the Lembata Regency Tourism Development Master plan has not been implemented properly. This can be seen from the failure of planned tourist destination development project to progress. Suggestions: (1) The Tourism Department is concerned with making designs that are button - up in nature so that the planned program are in line with the focus on the needs and interests of the community: (2) Increasing community participation in integrated and future – oriented or sustainable management to advance tourist areas: (3) Take firm action against all violationsthat do not comply with applicable rules and principles.

rahmawati, dini

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

In Indonesia, tourism still has an important role in supporting national development. Morotai Island as a border area has a huge local potential in mining, farming, plantation, including human resources and tourism. Therefore, this research aimed to provide a recommendation for tourism development and so that to improve tourism competitiveness, particularly tourism activity conducted by tourists, based on SWOT analysis. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The research location was in the territory of Daruba, South Morotai, Morotai Island District, North Maluku Province. The data were obtained by doing observation, interview and literature study. In the interview part, some staff of Tourism Board and local people became the sources through focus group discussion and direct interview referred to purposive sampling technique. The SWOT analysis shows that Morotai Island District has nature beauty and War World II historical ruins as the strength. Those still have a huge opportunity to develop so that to revive the tourist activity there. Not to mention, Kelapa Bido as an endemic plant in Morotai Island District. Based on the SWOT analysis and observation, the recommendations for tourism activity are managing tour packages, agrotourism and digital tourism via augmented and virtual reality.  

Lisda waty Harianja

Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Teologi 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The church is faced with an urgent responsibility to address the environmental crisis by building awareness of eco-tourism. By promoting eco-tourism as a tool to preserve nature and support sustainable development, the church not only provides theological understanding but also acts as a real agent of change in supporting environmental conservation efforts. A literature review of environmental ecology theory, eco-tourism theory, and Christian religious views provides a foundation for understanding human behavior towards nature. This research, using a descriptive qualitative method, combines literature analysis with the author's field experience to formulate a theoretical proposal. The church is considered to have a crucial responsibility in protecting the environment and building eco-tourism by supporting environmental programs, collaborating with NGOs, providing environmental education through worship, playing an active role in commemorating environmental days, and taking concrete steps in the development of sustainable eco-tourism. Conclusions highlight three concepts of the human view of the environment, with humans together with nature approaching the values of Christian eco-theology, while suggestions include church support on government environmental programs and close cooperation with NGOs to raise the environmental awareness of its members.  

Remaida Panjaitan; Rusmauli Simbolon; Sudirman Lase; Yulia K S Sitepu; Tio R J Nadeak

Jurnal Mahasiswa Kreatif 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research analyzes the management strategy for hot springs in Sipoholon sub-district with the aim of increasing tourist visits.  Sipoholon sub-district has extraordinary natural potential, with stunning views and natural hot springs as the main attraction.  This research uses qualitative research methods, namely direct field research and conducting observations and interviews. The hot springs located in Situmeang Habinsaran, Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli have become an inspiration for hot spring owners to open hot spring tourism, hot water flows with  temperatures of 40 to 70 degrees Celsius make this place feel like another paradise on Indonesian soil. The results of this research are to find out the profile of the owner of the hot spring tourism object and how the management is carried out by the owner of the hot spring tourist attraction in Situmeang Habinsaran Village.  The bath owner always prioritizes maintaining the cleanliness and comfort of the hot spring location. This hot spring is still natural from nature, the hot spring owner only needs to maintain beauty and cleanliness so that visitors feel comfortable while at the tourist location.  Keywords: Aek Rangkat, Hot Springs, Tourism

Herliana Bainpen; Melki I. Puling Tang; Ade Melisa Koilhing; Aderika Peni; Agustina Penikay +2 more

Jurnal Mahasiswa Kreatif 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The purpose of this study is to determine the tourism potential of Mali's beaches. Tourism potential is everything that is owned by a tourist spot that is an attraction for anyone who visits the place. Alor Regency is an area that has many destinations. One of them is beach tourism, which is beach tourism in Mali and has tourism potential that attracts the attention of tourists. Based on the results obtained from observations, interviews and researchers' observations about beach tourism in Mali, beach tourism in Mali is tourism with very good opportunities, namely good natural opportunities and will become a tourist destination with very beautiful nature. beauty . eye candy and the facilities there are very good which can be enjoyed during a beach tour in Mali. Apart from the natural beauty and excellent facilities, tourists can observe dugongs in the Pantar Straits Reserve (SAP), Kabola Subdivision which is about 20 minutes from the coast of Mali.  

Muh. Nuh Ilyas; Taufiq Kurniawan; Ahmad Ahmad

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research journal reviews tourists' perceptions of tourist attractions in Lenek Ramban Biak Village. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative research. The population in this study were tourists visiting Lenek Ramban Biak Village. Samples were taken from tourists who visited as many as 100 respondents with incidental sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that tourists' perceptions of the tourist attractions of Lenek Ramban Biak in terms of the dimensions of attractions and accessibility with agreed criteria. That means that the tourist attraction of Lenek Ramban Biak Village has unique nature, traditions and culture. There is a Camping place, a friendly community. While on the dimensions of the amenities with the criteria quite agree.

Nailah Nur Azizah; Nasywa Yumna Zainah; Ateng Supriyatna

Jurnal Insan Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Bogor Botanical Gardens is an area that contains various types of plants and is used for conservation, nature tourism, education, research, and so on, including the presence of cactus plants of the Cactaceae family. Cacti are plants that are commonly found in deserts or dry areas. However, cacti also have the ability to survive for a long time without much water. The purpose of this research is to provide information related to the plant species in the Cactaceae family found in the Bogor Botanical Gardens area through an inventory using direct observations of both the morphology and anatomy in a qualitative form. The results of the Cactaceae family plants found include 4 species of the genus Cereus, 1 species of the genus Lophocereus, and 5 species of the genus Opuntia, making a total of 10 species found, namely Cereus hexagonus, Candle Cactus, Mandacaru, Peruvian Apple Cactus, Mexican Fence Post Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Fishhook Cactus, Wheel Cactus, Tephrocactus molinensis, and Prickly Pear Cactus. These three discovered genus have their own distinguishing characteristics.

Yosafat Fantony; Lucky Nugroho; Zulfahmi Zulfahmi

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to determine the challenges and opportunities of tourism in Singakawang, West Kalimantan. The method used in this research is using descriptive qualitative. Furthermore, the problem formulations used in this study include (i) How is the tourism sector in Singkawang; (ii) What are the advantages of the tourism sector in Singkawang; (iii) How to improve the tourism sector in Singkawang? Furthermore, the results of this study found that Singkawang has excellent tourism potential both from the aspect of tourist attractions, nature tourism, culinary tourism and besides that tourism in Singkawang must also be supported by various elements which include (i) Accommodation, (ii) Transportation, (iii) Transportation, (iv) Attractions and landmarks, (v) Tourist Information Centers, (vi) Restaurants and Eateries, (vii) Shopping Facilities, (viii) Recreation and Entertainment, (ix) Infrastructure for Safety and Security, (x) Universal Accessibility. Therefore, the implication of this research is to know the condition of tourism in Singkawang and the advantages of its tourism sector, as well as to know the supporting factors that can improve the tourism sector in Singkawang. In addition, the novelty of this research is related to the tourism sector in Singkawang whose information is still limited.    

M. Ainur Ridlo

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The existence of tourism in Indonesia is one of the main attractions for tourists to visit Indonesia to enjoy the natural beauty of Indonesia's earth. In Indonesia there are many tourist objects that have high selling power besides Borobudur, there is also the Sibolangit nature tourism in, North Sumatra, which is also the focus of the study being studied by researchers. Efforts to build tourism are certainly not only the duty and responsibility of the government, but local governments, village governments, local communities and youth youth organizations must have a high sense of concern and empathy for the existence and development of tourism above. The results in this study indicate that the existence of youth has a very strategic role in the progress or not of a tourist attraction, because youth plays a role in terms of marketing with their abilities and skills in using social media so that the existence of tourist objects becomes increasingly known by many people, especially foreign tourists. The two youths can also be a bastion of security and comfort for visitors and thirdly the involvement of youth in building and developing tourism is also a positive value from an economic perspective which leads to the welfare of the surrounding community. So in a simple conclusion, youth must be involved and involved in the development and construction of tourist objects, especially in Sibolangit tourism in Deli Serdang, North Sumatra.

Yunisa Maharani

Jurnal Mahasiswa Kreatif 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

South Bandung is an area in West Java which is famous for the beauty of its natural tourism which is so beautiful and extraordinarily amazing, where in the South Bandung area there are many natural tourist attractions that are an attraction for domestic and foreign tourists. One of them is Situ Patenggang which is a beautiful lake located in Rancabali, Ciwidey, Bandung Regency, West Java Province. Behind the beautiful lake there is a legendary love story in Situ Patenggang which is a natural tourist attraction in South Bandung and an iconic lake in Ciwidey, Rancabali, Bandung Regency, West Java. The theory used is the theory of natural tourist attraction objects. The research method used is the interview method, aiming to dig deeper into how this legend can be preserved as a natural tourist attraction object from Situ Patenggang. This interview method was conducted through informants consisting of managers, community leaders, and local communities. The results of the research based on the results of direct analysis show that Situ Patenggang is a lake full of legends so that it attracts many domestic and foreign tourists who make this lake the main object of attraction because of the legendary myths in South Bandung.    

Esya Fairuz Nurfadillah; Jason Derian Richardo

Jurnal Mahasiswa Kreatif 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Lawang Sewu is a historic building owned by PT KAI in Operational Area 4 Semarang, Central Java. Lawang Sewu is a relic from the Dutch Colonial period. Now Lawang Sewu has become a cultural heritage building that is included in the building protection law. In this museum we can find the legacy of the old PT KAI. Lawang Sewu is also one of the leading tourist attractions in the city of Semarang and witnessed the 5-day battle in Semarang which took place from 14 to 19 August 1949 and is marked by the location of the Tugu Muda Monument which is on the west side of Lawang Sewu or more precisely at the Jalan Pandanaran roundabout. As an architectural and tourist object, Lawang Sewu has the value needed in the definition of a monument and monumental nature. These values include aspects of history, technology, architecture, and culture. Currently the Lawang Sewu building houses a collection of trains in Indonesia from time to time. Collections such as Alkmaar, Edmonson machines, calculating machines, typewriters, replica steam locomotives, securities, and several other collections. This place is also often used for community activities such as exhibitions, festivals, art performances, shooting, wedding parties and photo shoots.    

Hendra Fahruddin Siregar; Rahmadhani Fitri; Novalinda

The International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Rivers are places, containers, and networks of water irrigation from springs to estuaries. The existence of rivers with their nature that flows from upstream to downstream has the potential for opportunity value and externality effects between upstream and downstream or along river flows (Pangesti, 2000). Eco-Tech-Edu Tourism Combination and integration of learning across applicable programs, the flow of the Babarsari river looks clear and flows well, so this is used in the construction of living labs and industrial parks. In its use as ecotourism, it is necessary to analyze the burden of pollutants. In determining the burden of pollutants, it is necessary to carry out water analysis and water status analysis based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment no. 115 of 2003 concerning guidelines for water quality status.

Rahmadhani Fitri; Hendra Fahruddin Siregar; Benny Iskandar

The International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The impact of carbon emissions as a major cause of climate change has raised concerns and become a challenge for the international community. To reduce emissions, it is necessary to study the carbon footprint of activities in Al-Amin. The planning of Al Amin Living lab and Industrial Park along with the administration in which various activities produce carbon emissions these activities need to be calculated to find out how much the activity contributes to the emissions produced so that negative impacts on the environment can be minimized. Opportunities for PSE-GR Development Areas with the concept of Eco-Tech-Edu Tourism which has an understanding of Circular Economy Education (CED) is still very minimal in North Sumatra, PSE-GR can be a pioneer in spreading this understanding of CED where the integration of economic and educational activities occurs which at the same time helps maintain the preservation of nature. Encouraged by the development of the Independent Learning Curriculum (ILC), it is hoped that PSE-GR can become a place for research, service, and practicum of the UNPAB academic community that increases awareness of the need for nature conservation. Because Green Technology from across fields of science is still very minimally discussed and is still often partially researched, UNPAB can be an example of the integration of fields of science that become practical, dynamic, educational, and economic value innovations. The existence of 20 ha of land owned by the Prof. DR H Kadirun Yahya Foundation, it is hoped that UNPAB can develop a Living lab ecosystem at least on 10 ha of land. PSE-GR is not expected to be as exclusive as tourist areas in general, with the concept of CED, PSE-GR will not only help become an income generator & source of educational land for the academic community but also help the welfare of the village and the surrounding community. Carbon footprint studies are carried out in 3 scopes according to The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol), namely emissions from sources owned or directly controlled by the faculty, indirect emissions from electricity consumption, and other indirect emissions (WRI and WBSCD, 2004). Carbon footprint emissions from all three scopes are calculated based on methods from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory.