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This study investigates the role of Islamic social finance in supporting green economy development across Muslim-majority countries. Islamic social finance instruments, including zakat, waqf, and sadaqah, are designed to redistribute wealth ethically and address social inequalities, while also offering potential for financing environmentally sustainable projects. Using a quantitative research design and econometric modeling with panel data, the study analyzes the impact of these instruments on environmental performance indicators such as the Green Economy Index (GEI) and Environmental Performance Index (EPI). Secondary data are collected from international sources including the OIC Statistical Database, the World Bank, and the Islamic Development Bank, covering selected countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Pakistan, and Egypt. The analysis includes independent variables representing zakat distribution, waqf assets, and sadaqah volume, with control variables including GDP per capita, governance indicators, and population growth. Descriptive statistics reveal substantial variation in Islamic social finance and environmental performance across countries, indicating the importance of institutional governance and policy integration. Econometric results demonstrate a positive correlation between zakat and waqf development and environmental performance, while sadaqah contributes positively but to a lesser extent. These findings suggest that Islamic social finance can directly support environmental projects, including renewable energy initiatives, sustainable agriculture, and green infrastructure, complementing conventional fiscal tools. The study highlights the advantages of Islamic social finance in promoting justice, sustainability, and ethical allocation of resources, and it emphasizes the need to integrate green objectives into zakat and waqf operational frameworks. Policy recommendations include mainstreaming Islamic social finance into national green policies, enhancing governance and transparency, and encouraging cross-sector collaboration between financial institutions and environmental agencies. Future research is suggested to explore micro-level impacts on household and community environmental behaviors and to conduct comparative studies across regions. Overall, the study underscores the potential of Islamic social finance as a faith-driven, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable mechanism for supporting long-term green economic development.

Migration and remittances have long been recognized as critical components of rural development and poverty alleviation, particularly in developing countries. This study explores the impact of migration flows and remittance patterns on local economies, focusing on their role in poverty reduction, community resilience, and sustainable rural development. Migration, particularly rural-to-urban and international migration, brings significant financial flows in the form of remittances, which improve household welfare by supporting basic needs such as food, education, and healthcare. Moreover, these remittances often stimulate local investment, particularly in agriculture and small businesses, contributing to economic diversification in rural areas. However, the effectiveness of these financial transfers varies regionally, with some areas experiencing greater benefits than others due to differences in infrastructure, financial services, and migration policies. While remittances contribute to poverty reduction and socio-economic stability, they are often underutilized for long-term investments due to their primary use for consumption rather than productive projects. Government assistance programs, on the other hand, focus on structural poverty alleviation but often face challenges in terms of reach, effectiveness, and sustainability in rural areas. This study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at maximizing the impact of remittances, including reducing transaction costs, encouraging investment, and improving financial inclusion in rural communities. Additionally, it suggests further research into the role of migration policies in facilitating remittances and enhancing their developmental impact. The findings underscore the importance of integrating migration and remittance-focused strategies into national rural development plans to foster sustainable economic growth and reduce rural poverty.

The shift towards sustainable development has become a central concern in global economic strategies. This paper assesses the role of green investment in fostering economic growth while ensuring environmental sustainability in developing economies. By analyzing investments in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and eco-friendly technologies, the study evaluates the potential for green investments to stimulate job creation, enhance economic resilience, and reduce environmental degradation. The paper also explores policy frameworks that could incentivize green investments and support the transition to a low-carbon economy.

The integration of Green Internet of Things (Green IoT) systems in agriculture presents a promising solution for addressing critical challenges in water and energy usage. This study investigates the impact of real-time monitoring and data-driven irrigation control on resource optimization in precision agriculture. By incorporating soil moisture sensors, solar-powered IoT devices, and data analytics, the system aims to reduce water and energy consumption, enhancing sustainability in farming practices. The research finds that the Green IoT system can reduce water usage by up to 40% compared to traditional methods, while energy consumption is decreased by approximately 25% through the use of solar energy. The study also explores the advantages of implementing IoT-enabled systems, which ensure precise water delivery, preventing over-watering and under-watering, thereby improving crop yields and reducing waste. Despite these positive outcomes, the research identifies key challenges such as high initial costs, limited infrastructure in rural areas, and concerns related to data security. These barriers hinder the widespread adoption of Green IoT systems, especially in developing agricultural regions. Nonetheless, the findings highlight the potential of Green IoT to foster sustainable agricultural practices by promoting efficient resource use and reducing environmental impact. The study suggests that further research should explore the long-term economic implications of Green IoT adoption and investigate ways to overcome technical and financial challenges. Additionally, expanding the scope of Green IoT to other agricultural sectors, such as livestock farming, could enhance its applicability and overall impact on agricultural sustainability.