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 Sexual violence against women and children is still a serious problem in Indonesia. Girls are among the most vulnerable groups because of their young age, emotional dependence, and the imbalance of power with perpetrators who are generally older or close to the victim. Cases of violence often occur in various environments, such as within the family, early marriage, or social relationships such as dating or friendships with older men. This situation often places girls in a weak position, making it difficult for them to resist or report the violence they experience. This research aims to examine forms of sexual violence against girls in relationships with large age differences and examine legal protection based on Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Crimes of Sexual Violence. The research uses qualitative methods through literature study by reviewing books, scientific journals, regulations, and data from the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection. The results of the study show that unequal age relations often give rise to power inequalities that trigger domination, control and various forms of violence, such as sexual coercion, physical violence, psychological manipulation and domestic exploitation. The TPKS Law plays an important role as a basis for legal protection and fulfillment of rights for victims

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence based on Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. Sexual violence against children constitutes a serious violation of human rights and has long-term impacts on the physical, psychological, and social development of victims. Normatively, the law regulates various forms of protection, including prevention, handling, rehabilitation, and the imposition of stricter sanctions against perpetrators. However, in practice, several obstacles remain in the implementation of such legal protection. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation techniques. The analysis evaluates the conformity between the legal norms stipulated in the legislation and their implementation in practice. The results indicate that, normatively, Law Number 35 of 2014 provides a relatively comprehensive legal framework for protecting child victims of sexual violence. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is hindered by challenges such as law enforcement issues, limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of inter-agency coordination, and social stigma toward victims. Therefore, strengthening policy implementation and enhancing synergy among stakeholders are necessary to ensure optimal legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence.  

This journal analyzes sexual violence by educators against students by analyzing Supreme Court Decision No. 5642 K/Pid.Sus/2022 using normative legal research methods. The primary focus of this research is the abuse of power relations by perpetrators holding positions of authority, as well as the legal protections afforded to child victims. Furthermore, this paper compares the provisions on sexual violence in the Child Protection Law and the Sexual Violence Criminal Law (UU TPKS). The findings indicate that courts impose harsher sentences on perpetrators who abuse their trust as educators and place victims at the center of the legal process, ensuring guarantees of recovery, psychological rehabilitation, restitution, and the right to education. The judges' approach in the ruling also reflects the spirit and principles of victim protection as outlined in the TPKS Law, including recognition of power dynamics, psychological pressure, and the importance of a victim-centered perspective. The TPKS Law expands the scope of sexual violence beyond physical aspects to include psychological and structural dimensions, which were previously not clearly regulated in other laws.  Therefore, this paper emphasizes the importance of harmonizing the two laws to create a more just, progressive, and victim-centered legal system, especially for children in educational settings. This research is expected to contribute to strengthening a more comprehensive and child-oriented legal approach.

Children are a vulnerable group frequently subjected to sexual violence, whether in the form of physical abuse, psychological harm, or sexual exploitation such as pornography and prostitution. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulations in providing protection for children against sexual violence crimes. The research is motivated by the high rate of sexual violence against children in Indonesia and the suboptimal implementation of existing regulations in ensuring justice and safety for victims. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive-qualitative analysis through the study of national laws, international conventions, and relevant literature. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has enacted regulations such as Law Number 35 of 2014 and ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, their implementation still faces challenges including social stigma, insufficient legal support for children, and bureaucratic delays. This study concludes that legal protection for child victims of sexual violence must be strengthened through regulatory reform, institutional capacity building, and synergy between the state, society, and local communities.

Sexual Violence against children is a serious problem that requires in-depth attention in the context of legal protection of victim. In the case of Herry Wirawan, involving 13 (thirteen) victims of sexual assault in Bandung, has raised controversy over the reimbursement charged to the state. In it’s ruling, the chamber of Judges of PN Bandung sentenced Herry Wirawan to life sentence and ordered the payment of restitution to the victims. However, there are questions about the legality of the payment of restitution, especially since the perpetrators have been sentenced to life imprisonment, which is incompatible with Article 67 2023 of the Covenant. This study uses a normative approach to analyze this problem, focusing one the case of Herry Wirawan. The result showed a gap between the legal process and the victim’s need to obtain adequate compensation for the suffering they suffered. In addition, there are problems related to the minimality of the claim for restitution made by the victim and the implementation of restitution that is not always smooth. Implementation of restitution in legal practice still faces a minimum victim awareness and understanding of their rights as well as the perpetrator’s ability to pay restitution. The study highlights the need to raise victim awareness, improve law enforcement mechanism, and provide adequate support service. In addition, recommendations for improvement of relevant policy or legal practice are also identified. It is hoped that this research can contribute to understanding the complexity of the restitution process in cases of sexual violence in Indonesia and provide a basis for improving legal protection for victims.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efforts and obstacles in providing legal protection to children who are victims of sexual violence in West Manggarai. This research is an empirical juridical research in which this research was conducted at the Social Service of Women Empowerment and Protection of West Manggarai Regency, West Manggarai Resort Police, and West Manggarai Women and Children's Home. Data collection techniques used interviews and document/literature studies. The data used were primary data and secondary data. The results of the data processing were analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results of this study indicate that legal protection efforts against child victims of sexual violence in West Manggarai are providing legal assistance to children who are victims of violence, providing spiritual guidance to victims of sexual violence, providing health assistance to victims to check their health, providing safe houses or shelters, applying criminal sanctions for perpetrators. Obstacles in providing legal protection to child victims of sexual violence in West Manggarai are community factors, cultural factors, infrastructure factors, law enforcement factors.

This research discusses the phenomenon of sexual violence against children in Indonesia with a focus on a case involving an elementary school student in Serang, Banten. Through a framing analysis approach, this research explores how the media, especially Detik.com and Radar Banten, frame news about the case. The research results show that psychological, social and environmental factors influence perpetrators of sexual violence in targeting minors or their own children. The framing of reports by the media also plays an important role in shaping public perceptions about the case, by highlighting aspects such as the perpetrator's psychological condition, the role of parents, and the urgency in handling sexual violence cases. The implications of this research are the importance of a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the relationship between perpetrators and victims of sexual violence, as well as the need for preventive measures and stronger law enforcement to protect children from sexual violence.      

This research aims to find out how the crime of raping minors is handled. This research is empirical legal research by presenting field facts as the main data, which are then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that the handling of criminal acts, especially those related to sexual intercourse, is usually left to the parents of the victim or perpetrator. The sexual intercourse referred to is when the perpetrator and victim have sexual relations on the basis of mutual consent and it is disputed by the victim's family. What is the PPA unit of the Gorontalo City Police doing in terms of making peace efforts, because considering that the perpetrators of this crime are still children, protection measures must also be taken so that the children can grow and develop and return to normal activities in society. This handling includes receiving complaint reports, the investigation and case investigation stage, the file transfer stage and providing protection for victims. Law enforcers need to consider implementing the concept of restorative justice in minor cases in accordance with existing provisions, but not in cases of rape or sexual violence, especially against children. Apart from that, the community, especially parents and families, are as far as possible against peace efforts to marry the victim to the perpetrator, because it can trigger other problems and prevent repetition of criminal acts and other violence that the victim will receive.

Children are a trust and gift from the Almighty God in whom the honor and dignity of being a complete human being is inherent. Every child has dignity that should be upheld and every child born must receive their rights without the child asking. It's time for the wrong paradigm that thinks children have no rights and must always obey their parents. One of the problems of violence against children is sexual violence which is the focus of this research. The cases of violence that occur are one of the weaknesses in legal protection and protection of the human rights of children who are victims, even though it is the children who must be protected. Children's rights have been expressly stated in the constitution, that the state guarantees every child the right to survival, growth and development and the right to protection from violence and discrimination. The best interests of children need to be respected, as the best interests for the survival of humanity. So that everyone always tries to ensure that children do not become victims of violence, or children fall into committing evil acts or other disgraceful acts. In general, criminal law was born to regulate and organize community life in order to create and maintain public order. Thus, before using crime as a tool/sanction, it is necessary to understand the tool itself. The Criminal Code as the parent or main source of criminal law has detailed the types of crimes, as formulated in article 10 of the Criminal Code. The research results show that the legal process in Malacca Regency is running as the law should, while the research results regarding child protection are not running or being implemented as well as possible due to the lack of legal assistance in the form of safe houses for women and children, psychologists and so on. Lack of direct support from the government itself in handling cases that occur. It is only limited to outreach to residents regarding the impacts and things that should be done to achieve harmony within the families of Malacca Regency itself.

At this time, one of the electronic mass media that’s still loved by the majority people in the world is television, when other mass media such as radio and newspapers are starting to be abandoned and losing their popularity amidst the crazy impact of globalization and modernization, television is still showing it’s existence, through the variety shows by various national broadcasting institutions. In this case, children and teenagers occupy the top rank as the largest number of television viewers in Indonesia. Children and teenagers are a group of people who have a fairly fast learning ability, they can easily follow and learn what they see, hear and through what they experience, so in this case it can be concluded that television is an electronic audio visuals media make a significant contribution to children's learning and growth. But, what if the majority of television shows are not child-friendly, such as the many scenes of pornography, sexuality, physical and mental violence that are still freely shown, not in accordance with the age rating and standard broadcast hours set by the KPI? This research uses a qualitative research method with an approach using a literature review method, which means this research is guided by research journals and several books that have similar discussions, to find out the role of broadcasting law in protecting children against violent and pornographic content on television.

In an effort to create fulfillment of rights and special protection for children, the Convention On The Right Of The Child aims to encourage international cooperation among countries that have ratified the Convention On The Right Of The Child to improve a decent life for children, especially in developing countries. -developing countries and provide full protection for children to avoid crimes that can endanger their lives such as commercial sexual exploitation.     The type of research used in this study is normative legal research, which is a type of legal research to find a rule of law, legal principles, or legal doctrines to answer the legal issues at hand. This research will describe to what extent the written positive laws are synchronous or in harmony with each other. Article 34 of the convention on the right of the child is the basis of international law regarding commercial sexual exploitation, in which it emphasizes that participating countries must strive to be able to provide protection to children, so as to avoid all forms of sexual exploitation, Indonesia as a country that has ratified the convention on the right of the child has attempted to develop national legal instruments to provide protection for children to avoid the dangers of sexual violence, but legal instruments have not been able to accommodate the dangers of commercial sexual exploitation of children, because there is still a lack of definition and cannot explain forms of commercial sexual exploitation in instruments existing laws.